Huáscar

Waskar Inka (Quechua: Waskar Inka) also Huáscar , Guazcar (before 1527 –1532) was Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire from 1527 to 1532. He succeeded his father, Wayna Qhapaq and his brother Ninan Cuyochi, both of whom died of smallpox while campaigning near Quito.

Biography
The origin of his name is uncertain. One story is that Waskar was named after a huge gold chain that was made to mark the occasion of his birth. "Waska" is Quechua for "chain." Because his father did not think "chain" was an appropriate name for a prince, he added an r to the end of the name to make "Waskar". Another story is that his name is from his birthplace, Huascarpata.

The actual events that brought about Waskar's succession are unclear. Conflicting factions and the fact that the Spanish chroniclers' accounts stemmed from the winners of the ensuing civil war led to conflicting versions of what actually happened. Thus, although Wayna Qhapaq named the infant Ninan Cuyochi as his first heir, sources differ as to whether the boy died first, was unacceptable because of an unfavorable divination or even if Wayna simply forgot that he had named him when asked to confirm the nomination. In any event, a second choice was requested and again sources vary. He may have named Waskar's half-brother Atawallpa who then refused or named Waskar himself or perhaps even the nobles put forward Waskar. Whatever the truth, the result of Waskar's accession and the dispute over it before and after led to civil war between Waskar (made emperor by a faction based in Cuzco) and Atawallpa (backed by leaders who were based in the north with Wayna).

The Spanish chronicler Juan de Betanzos who provided information pertaining to the Waskar-Atawallpa civil war, outlines Waskar's tyranny. It is, however, a very biased account, as Betanzos' wife, on whose testimony much of his chronicle is based, was previously married to Atawallpa. Betanzos outlines how Waskar would seize his lords' wives if they took his fancy. More importantly, he seized both the Lands of the Previous Incas and the Lands of the Sun. In Inca society, the lands of previous dead Incas remained part of their household to support their divine-like cult. Similarly lands were reserved for the worship of the Sun. Thus, Waskar's seizure represented his disrespect and insensitivity for Inca religion.

Waskar then declared war on Atawallpa. The battles reported by Betanzos talk of Quizquiz (Atawallpa's commander) leading armies of 60,000 men against armies of 60,000 men supporting Waskar. Betanzos' account also enlightens on the bloody nature of Inca wars. Atawallpa's punishment of the Cañaris saw him rip the hearts from their chiefs and force their followers to eat them.

Waskar was defeated in the Battle of Chimborazo and the Battle of Quipaipán. Waskar was made prisoner and Atawallpa's generals Quizquiz and Chalcuchímac occupied Cuzco.

The war had Atawallpa in the clear ascendancy on Pizarro's arrival. However it was partly because of ongoing civil war that Pizarro was able to triumph. Firstly, the Inca armies were depleted from the civil war. Secondly, disunity can be demonstrated by Waskar's celebrations and in the celebrations of the province of Cuzco (loyal to Waskar) at Atawallpa's capture.

Furthermore, Atawallpa had Waskar killed so that he was not in a position to offer Pizarro a larger ransom of gold than Atawallpa was offering for his own release. Atawallpa stated: "How shall my brother get so much gold and silver for himself; I would give twice as much as he can, if they would kill him and leave me as lord."