ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating

The ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating (known as ISU Champions Series from 1995 to 1997) is a series of senior international figure skating competitions organized by the International Skating Union. The invitational series was inaugurated in 1995, incorporating several previously existing events. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The junior-level equivalent is the ISU Junior Grand Prix.

Competitions
Currently, the sanctioned competitions for the Grand Prix are:
 * 🇺🇸 Skate America. First held in 1979 as the Norton Skate, this event has been part of the series since 1995 and its location changes yearly.
 * 🇨🇦 Skate Canada International. First held in 1973, this event has been part of the series since 1995 and its location changes yearly. It was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 * 🇨🇳 Cup of China. This event was created in 2003 and joined the Grand Prix series in the same year. It has been held in numerous cities. It was replaced by the Grand Prix of Helsinki in 2018, by the Gran Premio d'Italia in 2021, and by the MK John Wilson Trophy in 2022.
 * 🇫🇷 Grand Prix de France (known as the Grand Prix International de Paris 1987–93, the Trophée de France 1994–95, 2016, the Trophée Lalique 1996–2003, the Trophée Éric Bompard 2004–15, and the Internationaux de France 2017–21). First held in 1987, this event has been part of the series since 1995. From 1987 to 2014, it was almost always held in Paris. Since 2014, it has been held in Bordeaux (2014–15), Paris (2016), Grenoble (2017–19, 2021), and Angers (2022–23). It was cancelled after the first day in 2015 due to the November 2015 Paris attacks; the short program results were later confirmed as the final results. It was also cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 * 🇯🇵 NHK Trophy. First held in 1979, this event has been part of the series since 1995. The location changes yearly.
 * 🇫🇮 Grand Prix of Finland. The 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki replaced the Cup of China in 2018. The Grand Prix of Espoo replaced the Rostelecom Cup in 2022 after the Rostelecom Cup was cancelled due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
 * Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final (known as the Champions Series Final from 1995 to 1997). This event was created in 1995 to serve as the concluding event and features the top six qualifiers in each discipline from the six earlier competitions. The event adopted its current name in the 1998–99 season. Its location changes yearly. It was cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Discontinued competitions

 * 🇩🇪 Bofrost Cup on Ice (previously known as the Fujifilm Trophy from 1986 to 1987, the Nations Cup from 1995 to 1997, and the Sparkassen Cup on Ice from 1998 to 2001). This event was first held in 1986 and was part of the series from 1995 to 2002. It was almost exclusively held in Gelsenkirchen.
 * 🇮🇹 Gran Premio d'Italia. This event replaced the Cup of China in 2021 after it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 * MK John Wilson Trophy. This event replaced Cup of China in 2022 due to strict COVID-19 protocols implemented by China.
 * 🇷🇺 Rostelecom Cup (known as the Cup of Russia from 1996 to 2008, and 2010). This event was established in 1996 and joined the series in the same year, adopting the name Rostelecom Cup in 2009. It was generally held in Moscow, but was also held in Saint Petersburg and Sochi. It was cancelled in 2022 after the ISU banned participation by the Figure Skating Federation of Russia in international competitions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Background
Fall international competitions such as Skate America, organized by the skating federations of their host countries, had been held for many years prior to being organized into a series as separate individual events. Following the Nancy Kerrigan attack in 1994, television coverage of skating was saturated with made-for-TV professional skating events, while the traditional "amateur" or "eligible" competitions were neglected. In order to remedy this situation, in 1995, the skating federations from the United States, Canada, Germany, France, and Japan began to plan their events as a series with cooperative marketing of the television rights in those countries, and with prize money funded by the sale of those rights. At this point, the International Skating Union stepped in and asserted its ownership of the international television rights to the series.

When it was first created in the 1995–1996 skating season, the series was known as the ISU Champions Series. It did not become known as the Grand Prix of Figure Skating until the 1998–1999 season, when the ISU gained the rights to use that name.

It was originally composed of five events, held in the United States, Canada, Japan, Germany, and France. Following the demise of the Prize of Moscow News, last held in 1990, the Russian federation created the Cup of Russia, which increased the number of events to six in 1996, the series' second year. In the fall of 2003, the event in Germany, the Bofrost Cup on Ice, was discontinued, and was replaced with one in China, due to the ISU having negotiated a more favorable television contract in that country.

In 1997, the ISU also created a similar series of developmental events for junior age-eligible skaters. Initially known as the ISU Junior Series, these events are now named the ISU Junior Grand Prix. This season begins before the senior-level one does.

Qualifying
Skaters are entered in the individual events either by being seeded or by invitation. The seeding of top skaters at Grand Prix events basically takes into account their placement from the previous World Championships, as well as their ISU international ranking. Skaters who are not seeded can be invited by the hosting country and each country can invite up to three of their own skaters for each discipline. This is to give a balanced field throughout the series, as well as allowing the hosting country a chance to showcase their top competitors.

The Grand Prix of Figure Skating uses a points-based system based on results from the selected international events. The top qualifying skaters from each discipline are eligible to compete in the Grand Prix Figure Skating Final. The entry, seeding, and qualification rules for the individual events have varied from year to year, and also between the different disciplines. Currently, skaters are assigned to one or two events.

Starting with the 2003–04 season, the Interim Judging System was introduced for scoring events in the Grand Prix. This later developed into the ISU Judging System, often called the Code of Points (CoP), of figure skating, replacing the previous 6.0 system.

Over the years, the ISU has experimented with different formats for the Grand Prix Final competition. In some years, skaters were required to prepare three different programs rather than the normal two, with the third program being used for a skate-off between the top two finishers in each discipline after the initial rounds. This is no longer the case.

Eligibility
To be eligible for the senior Grand Prix series, skaters are required to have turned 15 by the preceding July 1 (e.g. July 1, 2009 for the 2009–10 series). A skater must meet the age requirement before it turns July 1 in their place of birth. For example, Adelina Sotnikova was born a few hours into July 1, 1996, in Moscow and consequently, was not eligible to compete until the 2011–12 season.

In 2011, minimum score requirements were added to the senior Grand Prix series and set at two-thirds of the top scores at the 2011 World Championships. Prior to competing in a senior Grand Prix event, skaters must earn the following:

The International Skating Union decided that the minimums do not apply to "host picks", i.e. Canadians Adriana DeSanctis and Elladj Baldé were allowed to compete at their home country's event, 2011 Skate Canada, despite failing to reach the minimums at the 2011 Nebelhorn Trophy.

Ice dance

 * Notes

Top gold medalists
Only top ten positions by number of victories (in each discipline) are shown here.


 * Note