Indigo (Chris Brown album)

Indigo is the ninth studio album by American singer Chris Brown, released on June 28, 2019, by RCA Records. The album is his second double album as well as a follow-up to his eighth album Heartbreak on a Full Moon (2017). Brown enlisted and worked with several producers, including Smash David, Soundz, Hitmaka, Boi-1da, Scott Storch, OG Parker and many others. The album also features several guest appearances, including Nicki Minaj, G-Eazy, Tory Lanez, Tyga, Justin Bieber, Juicy J, Juvenile, H.E.R, Tank, Davido, Rich the Kid, Yella Beezy, Sage the Gemini, DaniLeigh, Lil Jon, Lil Wayne, Joyner Lucas, Ink, Gunna, Trey Songz and Drake.

The official recording sessions for the album began in August 2018 and ended in May 2019. The album features a supernatural and spiritual imagery conceived by Brown, and handled by graffiti artist Saturno, visual artist Jeff Cole, and 3D artists Circle Circle Math and Sarper Baran. Musically, Indigo is an R&B record, that contains genres such as pop, Afrobeats, dancehall and bounce music as well. Its topics focus on spiritual love, sex, energy and vibrations, outlining a positive turn that follows a bad period in a person's life.

The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, making it his third number-one album in the US, and first in seven years, since Fortune (2012). Six official singles were released from Indigo, including: "Undecided", "Back to Love", "Wobble Up", featuring Nicki Minaj and G-Eazy, "No Guidance", featuring Drake, and "Heat", featuring Gunna. "No Guidance" became the highest charting song from the album on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 5, and topping the Rhythmic Airplay chart, until being unseated by the following released single, "Heat", at the top spot. In 2022, the song "Under the Influence", contained in the extended edition of the album, became a sleeper hit, receiving great success internationally, and following its rose to success, the song was officially released as a single, roughly three years following its original release.

Background and recording
In December 2017, soon after releasing his first double-disc, Heartbreak on a Full Moon, Brown started to work on new material. In the beginning of 2018 he worked on two collaboration mixtapes, that ended up never being released, one with R&B singer Jacquees, and another one with rapper Joyner Lucas, while also recording new songs for his next solo project, that was rumored to be called Indigo.

The official recording sessions for the project, after the drafting of its concept, began in August 2018, at the end of the "Heartbreak on a Full Moon tour", with "Undecided" being the first song composed following the idealization of the album. Two songs from the extended edition, released 3 months after the actual album, were composed few years prior, with the song "Technology" being recorded in 2016, and the song "Going at It" in December 2017. The album was fully recorded and mixed at Calabasas Sound in Los Angeles, with the exception of "Undecided", being recorded and mixed at Brown's home studio, named CBE Studios.

Prior to its release the singer said that Indigo would focus on "energy, love, light, and happiness", saying that it reminded him of his previous albums Chris Brown, Graffiti and F.A.M.E.. Brown revealed during an Instagram live that the album's title is connected to the color indigo being a symbol of spirituality and inner awakening, as well as being tied in with the concept of indigo children.

Music and lyrics
Indigo is an R&B album, which tends to a slightly more pop sound than its predecessor Heartbreak on a Full Moon, also containing elements of dancehall and Afrobeats. Barry Walters of Spin found some songs of the album, such as "Indigo", "BP" and "Heat", to be a merge of "classic R&B sound and stylistic, with late 2010s trap influences". The album features different productions that use dancehall and bounce music's percussions, as in songs like "You Like That", "Need a Stack", "Juice", "Wobble Up", "Back to Love" and "Lurkin'". Exclaim!'s Mike Juliano noted on several tracks a "characteristic usage of pitch shifted background vocals".

The first section of Indigo contains different tracks entitled by colors' names that are meant to depict the emotion of those colors. The album includes four two-part songs: "Emerald/Burgundy", "Natural Disaster/Aura", "Trust Issues/Act In" and "BP/No Judgment". Indigo's topics outline a positive turn that follows a bad period in a person's life. In many parts of the album the singer describes how love connects him to the enlightment of his spirituality. According to A.D. Amorosi of The Inquirer, the album's themes mix spiritual awakening with sexuality. Indigo, being the follow-up of Heartbreak on a Full Moon, leaves the raw and personal songwriting of that album, as well as its dark and sultry mood, for a way more lighthearted sound and tone, still having few introspective songs like "All on Me" and "Don't Check on Me" that give a closer look at Brown's trials and tribulations.

Artwork
The cover art for the album was revealed on May 14, 2019, along with the back cover. The front cover artwork was designed by graffiti artist Saturno and features a purple-haired Chris Brown's face in space, surrounded by fictional monsters and flying saucers, while the back cover, designed by visual artist Jeff Cole, continues the supernatural theme with a levitating body over a pyramid. The CD's interior illustrations were handled by 3D artists and concept designers Circle Circle Math and Sarper Baran, that worked over a photoshoot done by Jake Miosge, Brown's official tour photographer. Artist Saturno explained in 2021 that Brown wanted to convey "The Indigo Generation" as the concept with crystal glass text. "On the cover, you can see human consciousness, religion, political powers, greed, indoctrination, obsolete education, and new era awakening. I placed Pisces and Aquarius constellations, ... a mythological being with armor that represents the superior intelligence, ...aliens in flying saucers, ... 11:11 the number of the angel.... All of the details and figures of the artwork are connected to that world and have a meaning".

Release and promotion
In December 2017, Brown showed that he was working on new songs teasing a "Michael Jackson-inspired" song on his Instagram profile, filming a video from his studio and playing the song supposedly called "Afterlife". During the first months of 2018 he posted some snippets of new unreleased songs, showing that he was working on a collaboration mixtape with Jacquees, on another collaboration mixtape with Joyner Lucas, and on his album, rumored to be called Indigo.

In January 2019, Brown announced a new deal with International global media and his label RCA Records, becoming one of the youngest artists to own his masters at age 29. Indigo was announced as the first album on this deal, with the release of the first single "Undecided" on January 4, 2019. Three days later Brown stated in an Instagram post that his new album would not be as lengthy as Heartbreak on a Full Moon.

He later previewed and released the second official single from the album, "Back to Love", on April 11, 2019. The following week he released the third single from the album, "Wobble Up", featuring Nicki Minaj and G-Eazy, announcing that the album would be released in June, also confirming a summer tour with Nicki Minaj, that ended up never happening. On May 2, 2019, Brown announced the list of artists featured on the album, including Tory Lanez, Sage the Gemini, Tyga, Justin Bieber, Juicy J, Juvenile, H.E.R, Tank, Lil Jon, Lil Wayne, Joyner Lucas, Gunna and Drake. Some of these collaborations were surprising to the media, especially the one with Drake, due to their public feud that lasted for several years. Two days later the singer said that Indigo would be a 30-track album, in reference to his 30th birthday.

During Brown's birthday party on May 5, 2019, the singer previewed some songs from the album, and announced its release for June 21, 2019, later admitting a possible postponement to a week later, on June 28. He later revealed the artwork of the album and its track list between May and June 2019. On June 8, Brown released "No Guidance" featuring Drake as a single. It debuted at number nine on the US Billboard Hot 100, making it Chris Brown's 15th top-ten song, and becoming his highest-charting song as a lead artist since 2013's "Loyal" as well.

Indigo was released on June 28, 2019. Following its release, the album wasn't promoted with any interview nor TV appearance, being Brown's first album to have no promotion through media appereances, being promoted exclusively through his social media accounts. In August he hinted an upcoming deluxe version of the album, confirming it on September 27. On October 4, 2019, Brown released an expanded version of Indigo entitled Indigo Extended, which included 10 additional songs, making the extended version a total of 42 songs.

In January 2020 Brown announced on his Instagram profile that the album was about to get a "mini movie" visual version. Later on March 9, 2020 he confirmed its working posting a short video snippet of futuristic graphics accompanied by the song "Red". He captioned the video with "INDIGO MOVIE STARTS PRODUCTION SOON". However the mini movie ended up never happening, with speculations that it didn't because of the starting of COVID-19 pandemic.

Tour
On June 10, 2019, Chris Brown announced an official headlining concert tour where he performed the album throughout United States, titled "Indigoat Tour". The tour began on August 20 in Portland, Oregon, at Moda Center, and ended on October 19 in Anaheim, California, at the Honda Center. The opening acts for the tour were Tory Lanez, Ty Dolla $ign, Joyner Lucas and Yella Beezy.

Reception
Jay Cridlin of Tampa Bay Times said that the concert was "a guilty pleasure", wondering if enjoying his stage presence should be wrong, considering the controversies surrounding his public figure, expressing "At what point do we -- can we, should we -- forget about the blowups and restraining orders, and just marvel at the way Brown splits into a backflip and kick-spins a 360 during 'Drunk Texting'?".

The tour was considered a success, grossing over $30,100,000 in its 37 shows, selling out most of the venues, and being the third most successful hip-hop tour of 2019, after Travis Scott's "Astroworld – Wish You Were Here Tour" and Eminem's "Rapture 2019"

Critical reception
Andy Kellman of AllMusic stated that "Not quite as extravagant as the preceding Heartbreak on a Full Moon, Chris Brown's ninth album is merely two hours in length. That still allows more than enough space for the singer to sufficiently cover each one of his modes. Pleasure-seeking club tracks, entitled slow jams, tormented ballads, and yearning pop-R&B love songs -- the last of which still match up best with his voice, virtually unchanged during the last decade -- are all plentiful."

In a positive review, Urban Islandz wrote that the singer "elevated himself to R&B king status" with the album. The Inquirer while reviewing Indigo stated that: "Brown knows how to craft cleverly innovative soul and market his notoriety". HipHopDX ranked it fourth best R&B album of 2019, praising the album's sound, Brown's performances and numerous collaborations, but criticizing its duration, and perceived disorganization, writing that the album features "Brown laying down A1 vocals all across its gross two-hour runtime" continuing by saying that the album is a "whiteboard of ideas and nobody bothered to find the dry eraser". Rated R&B also ranked it among the best R&B albums of the year. Danny Schwartz of HotNewHipHop defined Indigo and its predecessor Heartbreak on a Full Moon as "late-decade leviathans".

Commercial performance
In the United States, Indigo debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with 108,000 album-equivalent units, which included 28,000 pure album sales in its first week, making it his third number-one album in the country. The album also accumulated 97.95 million on-demand audio streams in the United States for its track list of 32 songs. In its second week, the album remained in the top ten and fell to number three, earning just under 50,000 album-equivalent units. In its third week, the album dropped to number five on the chart, earning 42,000 album-equivalent units that week. Just over a month after its release, Indigo generated over 1 billion streams. On December 9, 2019, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and album-equivalent units of over a million units in the United States. Indigo was the nineteenth best-selling album of the year according to Hits, moved a total of 903,000 album-equivalent units by the end of 2019, including 84,000 pure album sales, 378,000 song sales, 1,029 billion audio-on-demand streams, and 112 million video-on-demand streams. Indigo became Chris Brown's longest-running album on the Billboard 200, spending over 180 weeks on the chart.

In Australia, the album opened at number three on the ARIA Albums Chart, becoming Brown's sixth top-ten album in the country. In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number seven on the UK Albums Chart, Brown's seventh top-ten album on the chart.

Track listing
Notes
 * $undefined$ signifies a co-producer
 * $undefined$ signifies an additional producer
 * $undefined$ signifies an uncredited co-producer
 * $undefined$ signifies an uncredited additional producer
 * "Let's Smoke" was not included on streaming versions of the album internationally nor on Apple Music in the US; thus the track listing was cut down to 32 songs (42 including the extended edition).
 * "Indigo" features uncredited background vocals by Tank
 * "Trust Issues" features uncredited vocals by Sage the Gemini
 * "Juice" features background vocals by Tone Stith
 * "Undecided" features background vocals by Felicia Ferraro

Sample credits
 * "Come Together" contains a sample from "Don't Stop", written by Albert Hudson, as performed by One Way.
 * "Temporary Lover" contains a sample from "I Want To Thank You", written by Kevin McCord, as performed by Alicia Myers.
 * "Emerald" contains a portion of the composition "Drag Rap (Triggerman)", written by Orville Hall, and Phillip Price, as performed by the Showboys.
 * "All I Want" contains a sample from "How's It Goin' Down", written by Anthony Fields, and Earl Simmons, as performed by DMX.
 * "Wobble Up" contains samples from "Monkey on the D$CK", written by Renetta Lowe, and Byron Thomas, as performed by Magnolia Shorty and "Wishing on a Star ("Dancin" Danny D Remix)", written by Billie Calvin, as performed by Fresh Four.
 * "Need a Stack" contains a portion of the composition "Back That Azz Up", written by Dwayne Carter, Terius Gray, and Byron Thomas, as performed by Juvenile.
 * "No Guidance" contains an uncredited sample from "Before I Die", written and performed by Che Ecru.
 * "Sorry Enough" contains a sample from "Grindin'", written by Charles Hugo, Gene Thornton, Terrance Thornton, and Pharrell Williams, as performed by Clipse.
 * "Undecided" contains a sample from "I Love Your Smile", written by Jarvis Barker, Sylvester Jackson, Shanice Knox, and Narada Walden, as performed by Shanice.
 * "Throw It Back" contains a sample from "Back & Forth", written by Robert Kelly, George Clinton III, George Clinton, Jr., William Collins, Garry Shider, David Spradley, Bernard Worrell, and Philippé Wynn, as performed by Aaliyah.
 * "Let's Smoke" contains a sample from "Back Pocket", written by Jack Stratton, as performed by Vulfpeck.
 * "Troubled Waters" contains a sample from "Get Me Back on Time (Engine Number 9)", written and performed by Wilson Pickett.
 * "Early 2K" contains an interpolation of "Beep", performed by Bobby V, "Chillin' on the Westside", performed by Boo-Yaa T.R.I.B.E., "It Wasn't Me", performed by Shaggy, Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin'), performed by T-Pain, "Let Me Love You", performed by Mario, "U Remind Me" and Lay You Down, performed by Usher, "Maybe I Deserve" and "Slowly", performed by Tank, "Peaches & Cream", performed by 112, "In Those Jeans", performed by Ginuwine, "Crazy in Love", performed by Beyoncé, "Bed", performed by J. Holiday, "So Gone", performed by Monica, and "What About Us", performed by Brandy.

Personnel
Instrumentation
 * Lee England Jr - violin (track 24,27,32)
 * Happy Perez – guitar (track 2)
 * Xeryus Gittens – guitar (track 6)
 * Todd Norman – percussion (track 6)
 * Nicholas Carter – percussion (track 6)
 * Isaac Wriston – bass (track 3)
 * Johnathan Smith – keyboards (track 3)
 * Angelo Arce – keyboards (track 25)
 * Michael Washington – keyboards (track 25)
 * Ervin Garcia – guitar (track 25)
 * Giancarlo "EVO" Evola - guitar (track 3)

Technical
 * Patrizio Pigliapoco – recording (tracks 1–4, 6–8, 10–32), mixing (tracks 1–8, 10, 12–32)
 * Josh Gudwin – recording (track 14), mixing (track 14)
 * Samuel Kalandjian – recording (track 26)
 * Michael "Crazy Mike" Foster – recording for Juicy J (track 5)
 * Christian "CQ" Quinonez – recording and mixing for Tyga (track 7)
 * Aubry "Big Juice" Delaine – recording and mixing for Nicki Minaj (track 8)
 * Dakarai – recording and mixing for G-Eazy (track 8)
 * Matthew Testa – recording for Lil Wayne (track 9)
 * Brian Eisner – recording for Joyner Lucas (track 9)
 * Noel Cadastre – recording for Drake (track 11)
 * Josh Gudwin – recording and mixing for Justin Bieber (track 16)
 * Ruben Rivera – recording for Tank (track 29)


 * Noah "40" Shebib – mixing (track 11)
 * Chris Athens – mastering (tracks 1, 3–7, 9–22, 24–32)
 * Randy Merrill – mastering (tracks 2, 8, 23)
 * Sauce Miyagi – engineering (tracks 3, 15)
 * Ben "Bengineer" Chang – engineering assistant (tracks 2, 8)
 * Sourwavez – engineering assistant (track 20)
 * Ashley Jackson – engineering assistant (tracks 4–6, 10, 12–19, 21–28, 31)
 * Brian Chew – engineering assistant (tracks 1, 3, 30, 32)
 * Elijah Marett-Hitch – engineering assistant (track 16)
 * Todd Robinson – additional engineering (track 23)
 * Omar Loya – vocal engineering for H.E.R. (track 3)
 * Miki Tsutsumi – vocal engineering for H.E.R. (track 3)
 * Alex Pyle – vocal engineering assistant for H.E.R. (track 3)

Managerial
 * Chris Brown – creative direction
 * Courtney Walter – creative direction, art direction, design
 * Ryan Latrell Johnson - creative direction, stylist, songwriting
 * Miosge – creative direction, photography
 * Saturno – cover illustration
 * Jeff Cole – back cover illustration
 * Circle Circle Math – inside illustrations
 * Sarper Baran – inside illustrations