Induction variable

In computer science, an induction variable is a variable that gets increased or decreased by a fixed amount on every iteration of a loop or is a linear function of another induction variable.

For example, in the following loop,  and   are induction variables:

Application to strength reduction
A common compiler optimization is to recognize the existence of induction variables and replace them with simpler computations; for example, the code above could be rewritten by the compiler as follows, on the assumption that the addition of a constant will be cheaper than a multiplication. This optimization is a special case of strength reduction.

Application to reduce register pressure
In some cases, it is possible to reverse this optimization in order to remove an induction variable from the code entirely. For example: This function's loop has two induction variables:  and. Either one can be rewritten as a linear function of the other; therefore, the compiler may optimize this code as if it had been written

Induction variable substitution
Induction variable substitution is a compiler transformation to recognize variables which can be expressed as functions of the indices of enclosing loops and replace them with expressions involving loop indices.

This transformation makes the relationship between the variables and loop indices explicit, which helps other compiler analysis, such as dependence analysis.

Example:

Input code: Output code

Non-linear induction variables
The same optimizations can be applied to induction variables that are not necessarily linear functions of the loop counter; for example, the loop may be converted to