Ineffective erythropoiesis

Ineffective erythropoiesis is defined by the expansion of early-stage erythroid precursors driven by erythropoietin, accompanied by the apoptosis of late-stage precursors. This mechanism is principally responsible for the anemia seen in acquired conditions such as certain subtypes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and inherited disorders such as β-thalassemia, inherited sideroblastic anemias, as well as congenital dyserythropoietic anemias.