Iskandar Malaysia Bus Rapid Transit

The Iskandar Malaysia Bus Rapid Transit (IMBRT) was a bus rapid transit system to be built in and around Iskandar Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia. It was to have consisted of trunk, direct, and feeder bus rapid transit corridors. The project was cancelled in 2024 due to insufficient capacity to handle projected traffic.

The Brisbane BRT will be a bus rapid transit model for the development based on the feasibility study to be implemented in Iskandar Malaysia.

History
As the population of Iskandar Malaysia was expected to grow double in 2025 from 1.5 million people when it was established in 2006, IMBRT was proposed to cater the transportation needs for the residents in the area. This led to the first conceptualization of the project in 2009 that aimed to combine the speed and reliability of the light rail transit (LRT) with the affordability of a conventional bus system. The concept aimed to use high-capacity buses shuttling along the dedicated bus lanes on three main routes connecting Johor Bahru to industries and residential areas in Tebrau, universities and small and medium-sized enterprises in Skudai and new growth areas in Nusajaya. The buses will be air-conditioned with Wi-Fi on board that run on clean energy at regular intervals, cutting waiting and travelling times for commuters while reducing pollution and traffic jams.

Project launch
Late March 2016, the IMBRT project received a green light from the government and expected to take off on 2017. The project was set to be done in three phases with the first phase scheduled to complete in 2021. Once completed, the BRT system was expected cover almost 90% of Iskandar Malaysia, up from the then 39% coverage.

On 7 October 2017, the project was launched by the then Malaysia's Prime Minister Najib Razak at the Progressive Johor Expo in Kota Iskandar. The BRT system was set to be developed at a cost of RM2.56 billion that would be funded by the Federal government for RM1 billion while the remaining funds would be financed through public-private partnership initiative. The system was said to have the elements of light rail transit or metro that would make it quicker than regular bus services. The prime minister ensured that the BRT system would be linked to the Rapid Transit System (RTS), the High Speed Rail (HSR) and intercity bus service. The project was then expected to be operational by 2021 and have a route spanning 51 km and 39 stations.

Progress
The public inspection for the project was started in November 2017 to get the feedback from the public and continued to 2018 along with development planning, land acquisitions and stations design to focus throughout the year. The routes were later updated to span over 300 km, of which 50 km were trunk routes while the rest would be feeder routes. The construction work was set to start on the first quarter on 2021 while the completion date for the first phase was push back to end of 2021.

Upon the change of government due to 2018 general election, the new Pakatan Harapan state government confirmed that they are still committed to continuing the project and be given due priority by the Federal government with Johor Bahru-Kota Iskandar to be first route considered for implementation. As of Mar 2021, the construction was again pushed back to the first quarter 2022 with the service to start on 2023.

As the vehicle of the project arrived in January 2021, the bus pilot testing programme of the system set to be launched on 8 April 2021. They will pass by Horizon Hills and Anjung in Medini.

As of September 2023, "Package 1" of the BRT route on the Sultan Iskandar Highway (Iskandar Puteri corridor) is supposed to begin construction in November 2023, and the other package in late 2023/early 2024, and the first phase is scheduled to open in the third quarter of 2025 with 22 stations.

However, Mohamad Fazli Mohamad Salleh, the chairman of the Johor state works, transportation, infrastructure, and communications committee, announced in May 2024 that the government had cancelled the IRT/IMBRT project after eight years of planning because it was "unable to overcome traffic congestion, interferes with the efficiency of the bus service and affects traffic flow." Additionally, he stated that it was then determined that, in order to determine which form of public transportation would be best for Iskandar Malaysia, a feasibility and viability study comparing the bus rapid transit, autonomous rapid transit (ART), and light rail transit (LRT) systems should be conducted. Two consortiums submitted their respective LRT and ART proposals to the secretary-general of the Ministry of Economy, and the Johor government endorsed the idea for an elevated ART in Johor Bahru to replace the defunct IMBRT project (after considering the now under-construction of RTS Link train line, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2026).

IMBRT Pilot Testing Programme
A three -month pilot testing program was launched on April 8, 2021, in Medini, Iskandar Puteri. As a pilot test, nine bus suppliers were involved in demonstrations of the use of the latest green bus technology that uses electricity or biodiesel. The buses tested ranged in size from 6 meters to 32 meters, and the actual test was held along the route in Iskandar Puteri corridor.

Bi-articulated bus for trunk services
In January 2021, a LiDAR guided bi-articulated bus for IMBRT arrived in Johor from China. The guided buses that will be used for this project is an Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit (ART) type that was imported by Mobilus Sdn Bhd, a 51:49 joint venture company established between Eccaz Sdn. Bhd. and CRRC Urban Traffic Co Ltd, a member of CRRC Group. Malaysia will be the first country in the region to potentially adopt this technology.

The ART is a multi-carriages that is equipped with sensors that read the painted tracks marking on the road, enabling it to automatically navigate its own route while travelling up to 70 km per hour and carrying more than 100 passengers per carriages. The capacity of an ART vehicle is expandable to up to five carriages. It is considered as a medium capacity transit system for urban passenger transport using leading edge technology and allows for higher passenger capacity at a lower cost of implementation when compared to traditional light rail systems. During the pilot test, the guided bus used stored energy on electricity to operates. This is to find out the vehicle sustainability to suit on the hot and humid conditions of Malaysian weather.

Single-deck bus for direct and feeder services
A total of 5 single deck buses have participated in this program where 4 buses use electricity while only 1 Scania K250UB bus uses biodiesel. The electric bus models involved are Putra-NEDO EV, Edison Motors New e-FIBIRD, Skywell NJL6101EV and CRRC CSR6105GLEV1-1.

Route
For the first phase of IMBRT, The Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) has allocated solar-powered 22 stations on the three BRT lines, comprising 10 stations on Tebrau Line,8 stations on Skudai Line and 4 stations on Iskandar Puteri Line respectively