Ismail Fahmi

Ismail Fahmy (اسماعيل فهمى) (2 October 1922 – 21 November 1997) was an Egyptian diplomat and politician. He served as ambassador to Austria (1968–1971), tourism minister (1973), foreign minister (1973–1977) and deputy prime minister (1975–1977). He was awarded a professorship. He resigned from the government in 1977 to protest Anwar Sadat's visit to Jerusalem. Although he was a supporter and confidant of Sadat, later he became sharply critical of his policies and decision making.

Early life and education
Fahmy was born on 2 October 1922. His father was a public prosecutor in Cairo.

He held a degree in political science from Cairo University in 1945.

Early career
Fahmy joined ministry of foreign affairs in 1946. He served as a diplomat being part of the Egypt's delegation to the United Nations from 1949 to 1957. He was an activist and a tough negotiator. Then he served in the Egypt's delegation on the International Atomic Energy Agency until 1959.

He returned to Egypt and worked at the foreign office. He was appointed ambassador to Austria in 1968. From 1969 to 1970 he served as the ambassador of Egypt to France. His next post was deputy foreign minister which he held from 1971 to November 1973.

Fahmy came to attention of Sadat at a symposium in Egypt. His arguments about the Egyptian military action against Israel, re-evolution and reshaping of Egyptian- Soviet relationships, closer contact with the US and the involvement with both Moscow and Washington in solving the Middle East conflict impressed Sadat, who appointed Fahmy foreign minister after 1973 October War.

Foreign Minister of Egypt, 1973–1977
Fahmy served as foreign minister from 31 October 1973 to 17 November 1977. He decided to keep lines of communication open between Egypt and Soviet Union. However Fahmy recounts certain events in which he was directly involved: his first encounters with Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon; his participation in talks leading to the Egyptian-Israeli disengagement agreements of 1974 and 1975. He reluctantly supported the first agreement and opposed to the second. He met with both US and Soviet foreign ministers. According to Fahmy, “Kissinger is highly intelligent but he has tendency to manipulate people”. Fahmy stated that “Zbigniew Brzezinski was professor at heart inclined to lecture experienced diplomat”. When Sadat decided to visit Jerusalem, he reacted to the decision by saying "I believed it would harm Egypt’s national security, damage our relations with the other Arab countries, and destroy our leadership of the Arab world."

Furthermore he argued Sadat could not provide any proof that the Israelis would respond to his move with comparable good will. After Sadat's visit, he resigned from his post and was replaced by Mohamed Ibrahim Kamel.

Later career
Following he resignation, Fahmy kept supporting the convocation of the Geneva Conference as the only way to achieve peace. Following that incident, he continued to write books and articles about the peacemaking activities in the Middle East. His best known book was Negotiating for Peace in the Middle East: An Arab View. For many years he worked as an academic in Egypt. In 1984, he unsuccessfully ran for office in the general elections as a candidate of the New Wafd Party.

Personal life and death
Fahmy died on 21 November 1997 at the age of 75. His son, Nabil, was appointed foreign minister to the interim government of Egypt led by Hazem Al Beblawi in July 2013.