James Couper

James Couper may refer to:


 * James Couper (politician) (1870–1946), Scottish politician
 * James Couper (rugby union) (1873–1917), Scotland international rugby union player
 * James Couper (astronomer) (1752–1836), professor of astronomy at the University of Glasgow
 * James Hamilton Couper (1794–1866), American malacologist
 * James Couper, of the Couper baronets
 * James Couper (academic), identified Manganism