James Gardner (designer)

 James "Leslie" Gardner OBE RDI (29 December 1907 – 25 March 1995) was a British museum and exhibition designer. Although most widely known for his exhibition work, Gardner also undertook illustration and ship design work. His archive is located at the University of Brighton Design Archives.

Early career
Educated at Westminster School of Art, Gardner's career began as an apprentice for Cartier jewellers in 1923. After a period of international travel in the 1930s, Gardner returned to London and began working for the commercial design consultancy, Carlton Studios. His early commissions included advertising work for a number of clients, including Shell. Commissioned by their art director Jack Beddington, Gardner undertook poster and exhibition work for them.

Second World War
Drafted into the Camouflage Training School at Farnham during World War II, Gardner designed a series of inflatable deception projects which included dummy tanks and landing craft. Gardner was also employed by the Ministry of Information as an illustrator at this time.

In the 1940s, Gardner designed three non-fiction children's books for Puffin Picture Books.

Exhibition and museum design
Following the war, the Council of Industrial Design commissioned Gardner to oversee various exhibition projects; the most significant of these was the Britain Can Make It exhibition of industrial and product design in 1946. So began Gardner's career which included contributions to the Enterprise Scotland exhibition in 1947, and the Festival of Britain in 1951, where he designed displays for the 'People of Britain' and part of the South Bank exhibition. He was also Chief Designer of the Battersea Park pleasure gardens.

In 1953, Gardner designed the public decorations for Elizabeth II's Coronation.

Trade shows were a key area of Gardner's work, both at home and overseas. He designed exhibition stands for Central Office of Information projects, Ideal Home exhibitions, and the United Kingdom Board of Trade.

At the Brussels World Fair in 1958 and Expo 67 in Montreal, Gardner's exhibition designs presented ideas concerning British identity. According to Gardner, his aim was 'to offer quirky reinterpretations of people's expectations'.

Gardner worked extensively for museums and on cultural heritage exhibitions; in 1962, he designed dioramas for the newly relocated Commonwealth Institute in London, commissioning artists such as Barbara Jones to design murals. His 1972 'Story of the Earth' display for the Geological Museum, London, was acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in science museum design and critically acclaimed and imitated worldwide.

Amongst Gardner's other notable projects were:


 * Pilkington Glass Museum (1965)
 * Evoluon Museum, Eindhoven (1966)
 * Museum of the Diaspora, Tel Aviv (1978)
 * Butterfly House, Syon Park, London (1981)
 * The National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (1988)
 * Tower of David Museum, Jerusalem (1989)
 * Museum of Tolerance, Los Angeles (1993)

Other commissions
Alongside exhibition design, Gardner was also involved in mainstream industrial design and interior design commissions. These included a prestigious commission from the Cunard cruise line to design the interior and superstructure for the QE2. His design for the ocean liner was described by The Council of Industrial Design as that of a "very big yacht" and with a "look [that was] sleek and purposeful".

James Gardner (3-D Concepts) Ltd.
Together with Eve Harrison and Simon Muirhead, Gardner established James Gardner (3-D Concepts) Ltd. in 1978. The London-based company provided a specialist service in museum and exhibition design, from initial concept to installation.

Awards and accolades
Gardner received an OBE in 1947 for services in connection with the British Government Pavilion at the Universal and International Exhibition, Brussels. He was also elected a Royal Designer for Industry (RDI) in this year.

In 1989 Gardner was awarded the Chartered Society of Designers Medal for outstanding achievement in industrial design.

External links and further reading

 * Enterprise Scotland British Pathé video showcasing interior of exhibition, 1947
 * Evoluon BBC2 Trade Test Film, showing the Philips Evoluon technology exhibition, 1968
 * Expo 67: Man and His World: Great Britain
 * Works by Gardner in the Imperial War Museum collection
 * Royal Designers for Industry & Britain Can Make It