James Sumner

James Sumner may refer to:


 * James Sumner (Medal of Honor) (1840–1912), United States Army soldier and a recipient of the Medal of Honor
 * James Sumner (baseball) (1851–1881), American baseball umpire
 * James B. Sumner (1887–1955), American chemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
 * James Edward (Red) Sumner, Jr. (born 1948), stellar occultation astronomer after whom asteroid 36983 Sumner is named