Japanese destroyer Kawakaze (1936)

Kawakaze (江風) was the ninth of ten Shiratsuyu-class destroyers, and the third to be built for the Imperial Japanese Navy under the Circle Two Program (Maru Ni Keikaku). Completed in April of 1937, Kawakaze was present at the battles of the Java Sea, Eastern Solomons, Santa Cruz, and Guadalcanal She sank the destroyer USS Blue (DD-387) in the aftermath of the Battle of Savo Island, and in the Battle of Tassafaronga she torpedoed and sank the heavy cruiser USS Northampton (CA-26). After a large number of supply and troop ferrying missions, during which Kawakaze sank or helped to sink three US motor torpedo boats, Kawakaze was sunk by a mass torpedo attack from US destroyers at the Battle of Vella Gulf.

History
The Shiratsuyu-class destroyers were modified versions of the Hatsuharu-class destroyer, and were designed to accompany the Japanese main striking force and to conduct both day and night torpedo attacks against the United States Navy as it advanced across the Pacific Ocean, according to Japanese naval strategic projections. Despite being one of the most powerful classes of destroyers in the world at the time of their completion, none survived the Pacific War. Kawakaze, built at the Fujinagata Shipyards was laid down on 25 April 1935, launched on 1 November 1936 and commissioned on 30 April 1937.

Operational history
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kawakaze was assigned to Destroyer Division 24 of Destroyer Squadron 4 of the IJN 2nd Fleet, and had sortied from Palau as part of the Philippine invasion force, covering landings at Legaspi and Lamon Bay. From January 1942, Kawakaze participated in operations in the Netherlands East Indies, including the invasions of Tarakan Island, Balikpapan and Makassar. After covering the invasion of Java, Kawakaze engaged a group of Allied destroyers during the Battle of the Java Sea rescuing 35 British survivors from ships sunk by other Japanese vessels. In April, Kawakaze assisted in the invasion of Panay and Negros in the Philippines. From 10 May, Kawakaze was reassigned to the IJN 1st Fleet and returned to Sasebo Naval Arsenal for repairs at the end of the month. During the Battle of Midway on 4–6 June, Kawakaze was part of the Aleutians Guard Force. On 14 July she was assigned back to the IJN 2nd Fleet and returned to Truk in mid-August together with the aircraft carrier JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Chitose.

Sinking of USS Blue
On 21 August, while patrolling off of Guadalcanal, Kawakaze sunk the American destroyer USS Blue (DD-387). Kawakaze launched her torpedoes of which at least one hit that which destroyed Blue's engine and steering gear, resulting in her sinking two days later.

She participated in the Bombardment of Henderson Field on 24 August and was part of the escort for Japanese troop ships at the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. In the remainder of August through early November, Kawakaze participated in ten "Tokyo Express" high speed transport runs or surface attack missions to Guadalcanal, as well as participating briefly in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands on 26 October under Admiral Nobutake Kondō. During the First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal on the night of 12–13 November 1942, Kawakaze rescued 550 survivors from the torpedoed transport Brisbane Maru. For the rest of the month, Kawakaze patrolled between Shortland Island, Buna and Rabaul.

Battle of Tassafaronga
On November 30th, Kawakaze participated in the Japanese victory at the Battle of Tassafaronga, where a Japanese destroyer line battled a United States cruiser force

Two of Kawakaze's torpedoes hit USS Northampton (CA-26). The aft engine room flooded, and three of her four propellers stopped working as Northampton immediately listed 10 degrees to port and caught fire. With intense flooding overwhelming damage control, Northampton sank over two hours and sixteen minutes. Kawakaze was not damaged during the battle.

In December and through the end of January 1943, Kawakaze continued in transport operations to Guadalcanal and to Kolombangara. On the 12th of December, Kawakaze in conjunction with gunfire her sistership Suzukaze sank the torpedo boat PT-44. Kawakaze then shifted to troop evacuation missions from Guadalcanal from February. On the 1st of February 1943, while patrolling off Guadalcanal, Kawakaze sank the motor torpedo boats PT-37 and PT-111.

On 9 February, she suffered significant damage in a collision with cargo ship Toun Maru and had to be towed by the destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER Kuroshio to Rabaul for emergency repairs before returning to Sasebo by the end of March for further repairs which were completed by the end of May, Kawakaze returned to Truk, transported troops to Nauru in early June, and to Kwajalein in late June and Tuluvu on 1 August.

Battle of Vella Gulf
On 7 August 1943, Kawakaze was on a troop transport run to Kolombangara. In the Battle of Vella Gulf she was sunk by gunfire and torpedoes of the American destroyers USS Dunlap (DD-384), USS Craven (DD-382) and USS Maury (DD-401), between Kolombangara and Vella Lavella at position -7.83333°N, 156.9°W. Of her crew, 169 were killed.

She was removed from the navy list on 15 October 1943.