Jimmy Garrison

James Emory Garrison (March 3, 1934 – April 7, 1976) was an American jazz double bassist. He is best remembered for his association with John Coltrane from 1961 to 1967.

Career
Garrison was born in Miami, Florida and moved to Philadelphia when he was 10, where he learned to play bass during his senior year of high school. Garrison came of age in the 1950s Philadelphia jazz scene, which included fellow bassists Reggie Workman and Henry Grimes, pianist McCoy Tyner and trumpeter Lee Morgan. Between 1957 and 1962, Garrison played and recorded with trumpeter Kenny Dorham; clarinetist Tony Scott; drummer Philly Joe Jones; and saxophonists Bill Barron (musician), Lee Konitz, and Jackie McLean, as well as Curtis Fuller, Benny Golson, Lennie Tristano, and Pharoah Sanders, among others. In 1961, he recorded with Ornette Coleman, appearing on Coleman's albums Ornette on Tenor and The Art of the Improvisers. He also worked with Walter Bishop, Jr. and Cal Massey during the early years of his career.

He formally joined Coltrane's quartet in 1962, replacing Workman. The long trio blues "Chasin' the Trane" is one of his first recorded performances with Coltrane and Elvin Jones. Garrison performed on many Coltrane recordings, including A Love Supreme. After John Coltrane's death, Garrison worked and recorded with Alice Coltrane, Hampton Hawes, Archie Shepp, Clifford Thornton and groups led by Elvin Jones.

Garrison also worked with Ornette Coleman during the 1960s, first recording with him in 1961 on Ornette on Tenor. He and Elvin Jones recorded with Coleman in 1968, and have been credited with eliciting more forceful playing than usual from Coleman on the albums New York Is Now! and Love Call.

In 1971 and 1972, Garrison taught as a Visiting Artist at Wesleyan University and Bennington College.

Personal life
Garrison had four daughters and a son. With his first wife Robbie he had three daughters, Robin, Lori and Italy based jazz vocalist Joy Garrison. With his second wife, dancer and choreographer Roberta Escamilla Garrison, he had Maia Claire, and jazz bassist Matt Garrison.

Jimmy Garrison died of lung cancer on April 7, 1976.

Music and playing style
Garrison was known for his inventive and melodic basslines, often using broken time and avoiding straight quarter notes as in a traditional walking bassline, to suggest the time and pulse rather than to outright play it. He was also known for his frequent use of double stops, and for strumming the strings of the bass with his thumb. Garrison would often play unaccompanied improvised solos, sometimes as song introductions prior to the other musicians joining in, and occasionally used a bow. Garrison had a uniquely heavy and powerful gut string tone.

As leader

 * 1963: Illumination! with Elvin Jones (Impulse!)

As sideman
With Lorez Alexandria With Bill Barron With Walter Bishop Jr. With Benny Carter With Ornette Coleman With Alice Coltrane With John Coltrane With Ted Curson With Nathan Davis With Bill Dixon With Kenny Dorham With Curtis Fuller With Beaver Harris With Elvin Jones With Philly Joe Jones With Lee Konitz With Rolf Kühn and Joachim Kühn With Cal Massey With Jackie McLean With J. R. Monterose With Robert Pozar With Sonny Rollins With Tony Scott With Archie Shepp With Clifford Thornton With McCoy Tyner
 * For Swingers Only (Argo, 1963)
 * The Tenor Stylings of Bill Barron (Savoy, 1961)
 * Speak Low (Jazztime, 1961)
 * Further Definitions (Impulse!, 1961)
 * Ornette on Tenor (Atlantic, 1961)
 * New York Is Now! (Blue Note, 1968)
 * Love Call (Blue Note, 1968)
 * The Art of the Improvisers (Atlantic, 1970)
 * A Monastic Trio (Impulse!, 1968)
 * Cosmic Music (Impulse!, 1968)
 * Universal Consciousness (Impulse!, 1971)
 * Carnegie Hall '71 (Hi Hat, 2018)
 * The Carnegie Hall Concert (Impulse!, 2024)
 * Live at the Village Vanguard (1961)
 * Ballads (1962)
 * Coltrane (1962)
 * Duke Ellington & John Coltrane (1962)
 * John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman (1963)
 * Impressions (1963)
 * Live at Birdland (1963)
 * Crescent (1964)
 * A Love Supreme (1964)
 * Ascension (1965)
 * First Meditations (1965)
 * The John Coltrane Quartet Plays (1965)
 * Kulu Sé Mama (1965)
 * The New Wave in Jazz (Impulse!, 1965)
 * Live at the Half Note: One Down, One Up (1965 [2005])
 * Live in Seattle (1965)
 * The Major Works of John Coltrane (1965)
 * Meditations (1965)
 * Transition (1965)
 * Sun Ship (1965)
 * Live in Antibes (1965)
 * Live in Japan (1966)
 * Live at the Village Vanguard Again! (1966)
 * Expression (1967)
 * The Olatunji Concert: The Last Live Recording (1967)
 * Stellar Regions (1967)
 * Both Directions at Once: The Lost Album (2018)
 * Blue World (album) (2019)
 * Plenty of Horn (Old Town, 1961)
 * Rules of Freedom (Polydor, 1969)
 * Intents and Purposes (RCA Victor, 1967)
 * Jazz Contemporary (Time, 1960)
 * Show Boat (Time, 1960)
 * Blues-ette (Savoy, 1959)
 * Imagination (Savoy, 1959)
 * Images of Curtis Fuller (Savoy, 1960)
 * The Magnificent Trombone of Curtis Fuller (Epic, 1961)
 * From Ragtime to No Time (360 Records, 1975)
 * Puttin' It Together (Blue Note, 1968)
 * The Ultimate (Blue Note, 1968)
 * Blues for Dracula (Riverside, 1958)
 * Drums Around the World (Riverside, 1959)
 * Showcase (Riverside, 1959)
 * Live at the Half Note (Verve, 1959 [1994])
 * Impressions of New York (Impulse!, 1967)
 * Blues to Coltrane (Candid, 1961 [1987])
 * Swing, Swang, Swingin' (Blue Note, 1959)
 * Straight Ahead (Jaro, 1959, also issued as The Message)
 * Good Golly Miss Nancy (Savoy, 1967)
 * East Broadway Run Down (Impulse!, 1966)
 * Golden Moments (Muse, 1959 [1982])
 * I'll Remember (Muse, 1959 [1984])
 * Life at the Donaueschingen Music Festival (SABA, 1967)
 * Attica Blues (Impulse!, 1972)
 * The Cry of My People (Impulse!, 1972)
 * There's a Trumpet in My Soul (Freedom, 1975)
 * Freedom & Unity (New World Records, 1967)
 * Today and Tomorrow (Impulse!, 1963)
 * McCoy Tyner Plays Ellington (Impulse!, 1964)