Jing-Jin-Ji

The Jing-Jin-Ji cluster is an expanded urban agglomeration consisting of Beijing (Jing), Tianjin (Jin), and Hebei (Ji). It is the biggest urban agglomeration region in North China, including an economic region surrounding the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, and along the coast of the Bohai Sea. This emerging region is rising as a northern metropolitan region rivaling the Pearl River Delta in the south and the Yangtze River Delta in the east. In 2020, it had a total population of 110 million people, comparable to that of the Philippines.

Economy
In 2022, the area's GDP was ¥10 trillion (US$1.5 trillion), equivalent to that of Spain. It occupied an area about twice the size of the South Korea. Jingjinji had traditionally been involved in heavy industries and manufacturing. Tianjin's strengths have always been in aviation, logistics, and shipping. Beijing complements this economic activity with strong petrochemical, education, and R&D industries. The area is becoming a significant growth cluster for automobile, electronics, petrochemical sectors, automotive industry, software and aircraft, thus attracting foreign investments in manufacturing and health services.

The Chinese central government has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advanced communications network, better highways, increased education, and scientific resources, as well as tapping natural resources off the Bohai rim. In 2016, the Central Government approved a US$36-billion plan to link the various cities making up this metropolis by rail in order to reduce commute times and to better integrate them. This plan includes the construction of nine railways that are 1100 km in length, which are set to be completed by 2020. The long-term goal is to create a one-hour commuting region; an additional 24 intercity railways are planned to be built before 2050.

In recent decades, petroleum and natural gas deposits have been discovered in the Jingjinji region's coast of the Bohai sea.

Metropolitan areas
Inn 2013-2014, Xi Jinping gave directives on coordinating development in the region, elevating development strategies in the region to be a national priority. In particular, planning strategies sought to alleviate development pressure in Beijing. The desire to alleviate the development pressure of Beijing's increasing non-capital functions was formalized in the June 2015 Outline Plan for Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and subsequently resulted in the establishment of Xiong'an. Xiong'an is where Beijing's non-capital functions, such as universities, research institutes, and high-tech innovation centers are planned to be transferred over time.

Major cities
Jingjinji includes the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces. Major cities in these municipalities and provinces include:

Major airports

 * Beijing Capital International Airport
 * Beijing Daxing International Airport
 * Tianjin Binhai International Airport
 * Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport

Regional airports

 * Chengde Puning Airport
 * Qinhuangdao Beidaihe Airport
 * Tangshan Sannühe Airport
 * Zhangjiakou Ningyuan Airport

Road
There are many major highways servicing the routes within Jingjinji area. This includes the following expressways:


 * Jingjintang Expressway, from Beijing, through Tianjin's urban area, to Binhai / TEDA
 * Jinghu Expressway, from Jinjing Gonglu Bridge to Shanghai (together with Jingjintang Expressway, this is the expressway from Beijing to Shanghai)
 * Jingshen Expressway, through Baodi District on its way from Beijing to Shenyang
 * Jingshi Expressway, from Beijing, to Shijiazhuang
 * Baojin Expressway, from Beichen District, Tianjin, to Baoding, Hebei -- known in Tianjin as the Jinbao Expressway
 * Jinbin Expressway, from Zhangguizhuang Bridge to Hujiayuan Bridge, both within Tianjin
 * Jinji Expressway, from central Tianjin to Jixian County
 * G95 Capital Area Loop Expressway

The following six China National Highways pass through Tianjin:


 * China National Highway 102, through Ji County, Tianjin on its way from Beijing to Harbin
 * China National Highway 103, from Beijing, through Tianjin's urban area, to Binhai
 * China National Highway 104, from Beijing, through Tianjin, to Fuzhou
 * China National Highway 105, from Beijing, through Tianjin, to Macau
 * China National Highway 112, circular highway around Beijing, passes through Tianjin
 * China National Highway 205, from Shanhaiguan, Hebei, through Tianjin, to Guangzhou

Intercity high-speed rail lines

 * Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway
 * Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway

Other high-speed rail lines

 * Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway
 * Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway
 * Beijing–Shijiazhuang high-speed railway
 * Tianjin–Qinhuangdao high-speed railway

High-speed rail lines planned or under construction

 * Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway

Suburban railway

 * Beijing Suburban Railway
 * Tianjin Suburban Railway (Tianjin–Jizhou railway)

Metro systems

 * Beijing Subway
 * Shijiazhuang Metro
 * Tianjin Metro

Light rail

 * Tianjin Tram