John Holder (umpire)

John Wakefield Holder (born 19 March 1945) is a Barbadian-born English former first-class cricketer and international cricket umpire. Holder was born in Saint George, Barbados. Following the completion of his education, he emigrated to England in search of work with London Transport. After impressing in club cricket in London, Holder began playing county cricket for Hampshire as a fast-medium bowler, in a first-class county career which lasted from 1968 to 1972. Injury forced Holder to retire from professional cricket, though he later returned to play professionally in the Lancashire League and for Western Province in South Africa. After the conclusion of his playing career, Holder became an umpire at domestic and international level. He would stand as an umpire in both Test and One Day International cricket from 1988 to 2001. Holder retired from umpiring in 2009, having stood in over 400 first-class and List A one-day matches apiece. As of 2021, he remained the only non-white English umpire in nearly 150 years of Test cricket.

Early life and move to England
One of six children, Holder was born in March 1945 in the community of Superlative in the parish of Saint George, Barbados. As a child he would often help his father, who was a lorry driver, load sugarcane onto his lorry during the harvest season for transportation to different sugar factories around the island. He and his family survived Hurricane Janet in 1955, which caused severe damage and 38 deaths across Barbados. Holder attended Combermere School, where he played on the school cricket team. He played as a fast bowler, though he was never coached to bowl, instead he taught himself by watching Wes Hall, Charlie Griffith, and Roy Gilchrist. Amongst Combermere's rivals on the island were Harrison College. In a match between the two in 1963, Holder shared in a last-wicket partnership of 109 runs to lead Combermere to victory. He gained further playing experience by means of Combermere's participation in the First Division of the National Men's League, where he played alongside many of the leading Barbadian cricketers of the time. Despite an increasing reputation in Barbados as a fast bowler, the social norms of the time restricted his progress at club level, though he did eventually join Central Cricket Club; though considered a team for White Barbadians, Black Barbadians who had attended Combermere were accepted.

After completing his education, Holder gained employment in the electrical department of a large store. However, with little career prospects on the island, Holder answered a call by London Transport, who were actively seeking to employ Barbadians to curb the post-war labour shortage which still persisted. Holder was one of thousands of Barbadians who relocated to England, with him initially settling in Harrow on the Hill, courtesy of a contact in the Labour Department back in Barbados who set him up with accommodation. Finding the accommodation substandard, he moved firstly to a bedsit in Shepherd's Bush, before settling in Battersea. For London Transport, Holder was employed as a conductor on the London Underground. Holder played his club cricket in London for the Caribbean Cricket Club, a nomadic club made up of Caribbean diaspora. As word spread of Holder's bowling abilities, he was extended an invitation by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) to play for their cricket team, based at Motspur Park. Former West Indian international Bertie Clarke, who played for the BBC, spoke to then Hampshire captain Roy Marshall about Holder, who invited him to Southampton for a trial.

First-class playing career
Upon arriving at Southampton, he was instructed to accompany the Hampshire Second XI to Wells to play the Somerset Second XI, though the match was rained-off. Holder remained in the Second XI for two seasons, where he gained experience and honed his technique, at a time when Hampshire had a settled seam bowling attack in Butch White, Derek Shackleton and Bob Cottam. Having quit his job on the underground and turned down an offer of employment from the BBC in order to relocate to Southampton, he sought employment during the winter months as a labourer at the Husbands Shipyard on the River Test, from which he was sacked, before finding work at Debenhams and later British American Tobacco (BAT). By 1968, he had served his two-year qualification period and was eligible to play for Hampshire in the County Championship. Around this time, his father died from stomach cancer back in Barbados.

Following an injury to Butch White in June 1968, he was selected to make his debut in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Somerset at Portsmouth; he took his maiden five wicket haul in Somerset's first innings with figures of 5 for 96. Though his selection continued after his debut, Holder took advice during the season to modify his bowling action, which had the effect of reducing his accuracy; as a result, he reduced his pace and became less effective. He was dropped from the Hampshire side at the end of July and did not play again until the end of August. He made seven first-class appearances in 1968, taking 18 wickets at an average of 26.72. The following season, he featured in just five first-class matches, though he did make his debut in List A one-day cricket against Kent in the 1969 Player's County League, with him making six appearances in the competition. With the retirement of Shackleton in 1969, Holder was presented with more playing opportunities. He had his most successful season in 1970, taking 55 first-class wickets at an average of 23.27, from fifteen matches. In the winter that followed, he continued his employment with BAT. On Christmas Eve, he was overcome with "unbearable" and "agonising" back pain whilst getting out of bed; a specialist diagnosed him with an inflamed sacroiliac joint. In turn, he was prescribed physiotherapy at the Royal South Hants Hospital. In the New Year, his pain relented and he was able to begin walking again, though this injury had caused Holder to consider if his career was over.

While he returned to bowling, Holder considered that the back injury had a detrimental impact on his bowling, believing himself not have been the same bowler after his recovery, feeling that he had become a slower bowler. He returned to the Hampshire side in June 1971, making seven first-class appearances in the remainder of that season, alongside eight one-day appearances. He featured more for Hampshire in 1972, making thirteen first-class appearances and finishing the season third in the Hampshire bowling averages, with 40 wickets at an average of 24.27. He played in two matches of note, against Gloucestershire where he took his best bowling figures of 6 for 49 and 7 for 79 (match figures of 13 for 128), and against Kent, where he took a hat-trick. In one-day cricket, he made sixteen appearances in 1972, taking 18 wickets at an average of exactly 24, which included his career-best figures of 3 for 18. Following the end of the 1972 season, he returned to Barbados to take part in Test trials for the representative West Indian team, which county-based West Indian cricketers had been invited to (amongst them were his Hampshire teammate Gordon Greenidge) by the West Indies Cricket Board of Control. However, before he could attend the trials, his longstanding back injury relapsed and he announced his immediate retirement from professional cricket. In 47 first-class matches for Hampshire, he took 139 wickets at an average of 24.56. With the bat, he scored 374 runs at a batting average of 10.68, with a highest score of 33. In 40 one-day matches, he took 46 wickets at an average of 26.36, with best figures of 3 for 18. He was often utilised by Hampshire as a fourth-change bowler, and throughout his career he was noted for his non-repetitive bowling action, which sometimes affected his consistency and accuracy.

Despite retiring from the first-class game, Holder was persuaded by a friend in Lancashire to join the Lancashire League club Rawtenstall Cricket Club as their professional, and so he returned from Barbados to the North of England, where he relocated to Rochdale. In the winter months, he supplemented his income by taking coaching jobs abroad. In the winter of 1974, Holder took a coaching job in South Africa, which was then under the apartheid regime; during his time coaching in the country, he was considered an 'honorary' white man. His final first-class appearance came whilst in South Africa, for Western Province against Eastern Province in the 1974–75 Dadabhay Trophy, although he went wicketless in the match. After one season playing for Rawtenstall, he spent the next two seasons playing for Royston Cricket Club.

Umpiring career and later life
His winter coaching took him to Western Australia, where Holder was a regular attendee at Sheffield Shield matches, which he used to familiarise himself with umpiring. While doing so, he befriended the Australian umpire Terry Prue. Having missed the professional culture and context of the professional game, Holder decided to become a first-class umpire. Having stood as an umpire in two first-class university matches in 1982, Holder was added to the first-class umpires list in 1983. He officiated in his first County Championship match later that season, between Leicestershire and Essex at Grace Road. Upon his elevation to the international panel of umpires for the 1988 season, he became the first black Englishman to be appointed to the Test and County Cricket Board Test match list. He stood in his first Test in August 1988 at Lord's, when England played Sri Lanka; he subsequently stood in a One Day International (ODI) between the sides following the Test series. The following year, he stood in the 1st and 3rd Test's of the 1989 Ashes series. He again stood in an ODI between the sides which followed the series, and later in October of the same year, he stood in five ODIs in the Nehru Cup. Alongside John Hampshire, he was the first neutral umpire appointed to stand in a Test match series, when Pakistan played India in late 1989. Holder noticed during the 3rd Test between the sides that both teams were engaged in ball tampering, for which he summoned both coaches and captains. However, due to the Laws of Cricket at the time, he could not apply any sanctions to either team.

After standing in two Test matches in 1990, in which England played New Zealand and India, Holder umpired the 5th Test between England and the West Indies in August the following year. Controversy arose in this match, when he accused England's Phil Tufnell of ball tampering. Following the match, Holder sent his match report to Lord's, but did not receive a reply; two months later he was dropped from the Test panel without explanation, though rumours persisted he was dropped because it was thought he was tired and needed a rest. His removal from the umpire's panel would later form the basis of a racial discrimination claim, launched in December 2021, against the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) (the successor of the TCCB), with Holder believing his removal from the panel was racially motivated. His claim was launched alongside former cricketer Ismail Dawood, but the pair ultimately withdrew their claim against the ECB in June 2021. However, despite his removal from the Test panel, he continued to umpire in ODI's. During the 1993 Champions Trophy, Holder was offered £10,000 by a Pakistani betting syndicate to fix an ODI between Sri Lanka and the West Indies; Holder rejected the approach, telling them to "keep your £10,000". He stood in six further ODI's, the last coming in 2001 between England and Pakistan in the 2001 NatWest Series. Following a ten-year absence from Test cricket, Holder returned to officiate in the 2nd Test of the 2001 Ashes Series at Lord's, which would be his last. In total, he stood as umpire in eleven Test matches and nineteen ODI's. As of 2021, he remained the only non-white English umpire in nearly 150 years of Test cricket.

Holder continued to officiate in domestic cricket, before retiring at the end of the 2009 season, after 27 years as a first-class umpire; his second to last first-class match in which he stood was played at the Rose Bowl, Hampshire's home ground since 2001. In total, he stood as an umpire in 421 first-class, 449 List A, and 41 Twenty20 matches. He was described as "a very strong and competent umpire" by the umpire Barrie Leadbeater. In the latter stages of his umpiring career, he was appointed by the International Cricket Council as one of five worldwide regional umpires' performance managers, responsible for monitoring and improving the performances of umpires in Europe, the Caribbean, America and Canada. During his umpiring career, Holder is credited alongside Don Oslear, with the idea of a 'bowl-out' to decide a drawn match after the 55-over 1987 Tilcon Trophy final had been washed out by rain. The organisers had ordered them to think of another way of settling the match rather than the traditional and sometimes unpopular means of the toss of a coin. This idea was subsequently adopted into all ECB limited-overs competitions. Following his retirement, he continued to umpire in the Central Lancashire Cricket League, until he quit in 2014, citing poor player behaviour as his reason. In February 2016, he accepted an invitation to become the first president of the newly founded Pennine Cricket League.

In 2000, Holder was consultant on the film The Laws of Cricket, 2000 Code which was shot in Barbados. The film featured an interview with Holder and Sir Garfield Sobers, and was directed by award-winning British film director Marcus Dillistone. He later co-authored the book You Are The Umpire in 2009 with the illustrator Paul Trevillion. The book was based on a comic strip that was included in the sports section of the British newspaper The Observer and bears similarities with You Are The Ref as both highlight unusual or difficult decisions that have to be made by sporting officials.