John Sheehan (New Zealand politician)

John Sheehan (5 July 1844 – 12 June 1885) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician. He was the first New Zealand-born Member of Parliament elected by a general electorate (rather than a Māori electorate) and he was the first New Zealand-born person to hold cabinet rank.

Early life and career
Sheehan was born in Auckland in 1844. He was educated at St Peter's School under the guidance of his teacher, Richard O'Sullivan and where he knew another later Cabinet Minister, Joseph Tole.

Political career
He was the Minister of Justice and the Minister of Māori Affairs from 1877 to 1879. He represented several North Island electorates: Rodney from to 1879, then Thames from  to 1884, when he was defeated (for Napier by John Davies Ormond). He then represented Tauranga from a by-election on 22 May until he died shortly after on 12 June.

A fluent Māori speaker and a lawyer, he is noted for his efforts with the Repudiation Movement in the 1870s to solve land issues on behalf of Hawkes Bay Māori chiefs who claimed large European land holders, such as Donald McLean, had acquired land improperly. The Repudiation Movement failed but Sheehan gained a positive reputation with Māori leaders. In 1877 he became Native Minister in the Grey Government. He tried to negotiate land deals in Taranaki with iwi leaders and, in respect of the King Country, with King Tawhaio, but failed. However, during these meetings he discovered that Rewi Maniapoto wanted to sell land and negotiated land sales to Europeans in the King Country that the government hoped would speed up assimilation. Sheehan negotiated unsuccessfully with Te Whiti whose base of Parihaka was destroyed by the Armed Constabulary in November 1881 after Sheehan had ceased to hold ministerial office (in 1879). Sheehan was also active in promoting secular education and widening the franchise but he wanted only one system of Parliamentary representation, the abolition of separate Māori seats and the end of plural voting. He was one of the first ministers to advocate breaking up of the large runholder monopolies which he believed had created a social elite at the expense of the normal citizen.

Death
Sheehan died of pneumonia and cirrhosis of the liver in Petane (now Bay View) on 12 June 1885 aged 40 years. In 1890, his widow, Lucy Caroline Sheehan, married Herbert Samuel Wardell, previously a resident magistrate of Wellington. She was given away by John Nathaniel Wilson.