Julius Duboc

Julius Duboc (October 10, 1829 Hamburg - June 11, 1903) was a German author and philosopher.

Biography
Karl Julius Duboc was the brother of the writer and painter Charles Edouard Duboc (1822 - 1910). He studied in Leipzig, Giessen, and Berlin. During his studies he became a member of the Cattia Gießen fraternity in 1849. He also became a student of Ludwig Feuerbach.

In his philosophical writings, Duboc propagated a form of ethically reverent atheism and defended optimism in opposition to Arthur Schopenhauer's pessimism. He critiqued Friedrich Nietzsche in his 1897 "Anti-Nietzsche" (Dresden: Helmuth Henkler). He also published historical works as well as essays and novellas. He died in Niederlößnitz in 1903 and was cremated in the Crematorium Gotha.

Works
Evolutionary monism, atheism and the doctrine that pleasure is the end of all human activity find expression in his works, which include:
 * Soziale Briefe (“Letters on society,” 3rd ed. 1873)
 * Geschichte der Englischen Presse (“History of the English press,” 1873)
 * Die Psychologie der Liebe (“The psychology of love,” 1874)
 * Das Leben ohne Gott, Untersuchungen über den ethischen Gehalt des Atheismus (“Life without God, studies on the ethical content of atheism,” 1875)
 * Gegen den Strom (“Against the tide,” a collection of his earlier essays, 1877)
 * Der Optimismus als Weltanschauung (“Optimism as a way of looking at the world,” 1881)
 * Hundert Jahre Zeitgeist in Deutschland (“A hundred years of the spirit of the times in Germany,” 1889)
 * Jenseits von Wirklichen (“On the other side from reality,” 1896)
 * Anti-Nietzsche (Expanded separate publication from "Jenseits vom Wirklichen," 1897)
 * Die Lust als sozialethisches Entwicklungsprinzip (“Desire as a principle of social development,” 1900)
 * Fünfzig Jahre Frauenfrage in Deutschland (“Fifty years of the woman question in Germany,” a collection of essays)