Jumhuriya

Jumhūriyyah (جمهورية; ) is the word for "republic" in the Arabic language. Loanwords representing variations of the term also exist in other language families, especially Turkic.

States known officially as Jumhūriyyah:
 * current
 * Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) (1923)
 * Republic of Lebanon (الجمهورية اللبنانية, Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnānīyah) (1943)
 * Tunisian Republic (الجمهورية التونسية, Al-Jumhūrīyah at-Tūnisīyah) (1956)
 * Islamic Republic of Pakistan (, Islāmī Jumhūriyah-yi Pākistān) (1956)
 * Republic of Sudan (جمهورية السودان, Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān) (1956)
 * Democratic Republic of the Congo (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo) (1960)
 * Republic of Chad (جمهورية تشاد, Jumhūrīyat Tshād) (1960)
 * Islamic Republic of Mauritania (الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Islāmīyah al-Mūrītānīyah) (1960)
 * Arab Republic of Egypt (جمهورية مصر العربية, Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah) (1961)
 * Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah) (1961)
 * People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Jazairāh ad-Dimuqrāṭiyya aš-Šaʾbiyya) (1962)
 * Republic of Uganda (Jamhuri ya Uganda) (1962)
 * Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya) (1964)
 * United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) (1964)
 * Republic of Maldives (ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyya) (1965)
 * Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية,  Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah aṣ-Ṣaḥrāwīyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah) (1976, partially recognized)
 * Republic of Djibouti (جمهورية جيبوتي, Jumhūrīyat Jībūtī) (1977)
 * Islamic Republic of Iran (, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān) (1979)
 * Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti) (1983, partially recognized)
 * Republic of Yemen (الجمهورية اليمنية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah) (1990)
 * Republic of Somaliland (Jamhuriyadda Somaliland; جمهورية أرض الصومال, Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl) (1991, unrecognized)
 * Republic of Tajikistan (Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhuriyi Tojikiston) (1991)
 * Republic of Iraq (جمهورية العـراق, Jumhūrīyat al-‘Irāq) (2004)
 * Federal Republic of Somalia (Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية, Jumhūrīyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fidirālīyah) (2012)
 * current sub-national units
 * Republic of Dagestan (Дагъистаналъул Жумгьурият, Daɣistanaļul Žumhurijat; Дагъыстан Джумгьурият, Dağıstan Cumhuriyat) (1991)
 * Republic of Tatarstan (Татарстан Җөмһүрияте, Tatarstan Cömhüriäte) (1991)
 * Republic of Bashkortostan (Башҡортостан Йөмһүриәте, Başqortostan Yömhüriäte) (1991)
 * Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Къырым Мухтар Джумхуриети, Qırım Muhtar Cumhuriyeti) (1991, partially recognized)
 * Republic of Crimea (Къырым Джумхуриети, Qırım Cumhuriyeti) (2014, partially recognized)
 * historical
 * Tripolitanian Republic (الجمهورية الطرابلسية, Al-Jumhūriyyah aṭ-Ṭrabulsiyyah) (1918-1922)
 * Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (, Jomhuri-e Sosialisti-e Iran) (1920-1921)
 * Republic of Iran (, Jomhuri-e Iran) (1923-1925)
 * Syrian Republic (الجمهورية السورية, Al-Jumhūrīyah as-Sūrīyah) (1930-1958)
 * United Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (شەرقىي تۈركىستان ئىسلام جۇمھۇرىيىتى, Sherqiy Türkistan Islam Jumhuriyiti) (1933-1934)
 * East Turkestan Republic (شەرقىي تۈركىستان جۇمھۇرىيىتى, Sherqiy Türkistan Jumhuriyiti) (1944-1946)
 * Republic of Egypt (جمهورية مصر, Jumhūrīyat Miṣr) (1953-1958)
 * Iraqi Republic (الجمهورية العراقية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Irāqīyah) (1958-1968)
 * United Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, Al-Jumhūriyyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) (1958-1961)
 * Yemen Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية اليمنية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah) (1962-1990)
 * People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية, Jumhūrīyat al-Yaman ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah) (1967-1990)
 * Iraqi Republic (الجمهورية العراقية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Irāqīyah) (1968-2003)
 * Libyan Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية الليبية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʿArabiyyah al-Lībiyyah) (1969-1977)
 * Federation of Arab Republics (اتحاد الجمهوريات العربية, Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīyāt al-‘Arabīyah) (1972–1977)
 * Republic of Afghanistan (د افغانستان جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Jumhūriyat;, Jomhūrī-ye Afġānestān) (1973-1978)
 * Arab Islamic Republic (الجمهورية العربية الإسلامية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʿArabiyyah al-Islāmiyyah) (1974 proposal)
 * Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى, Al-Jamāhīrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Lībīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah al-Ishtirākīyah al-‘Uẓmá) (1977-2011)
 * Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Dimukratī Jumhūriyat;, Jumhūri-ye Dimukrātī-ye Afghānistān) (1978-1992)
 * Free Lebanon State (جمهورية لبنان الحرة, Jumhūrīyat Lubnān al-Ḥurrah) (1979-1984)
 * Republic of Kuwait (جمهورية الكويت, Jumūrīyat al-Kuwait) (1990)
 * Democratic Republic of Yemen (جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية, Jumhūrīyat al-Yaman ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah) (1994)
 * Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat;, Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān) (2004-2021)