KN-25

KN-25 is a designation given to a North Korean tactical ballistic missile.

Design
The KN-25 is officially described as a "super-large calibre" multiple launch rocket system. The larger size and greater range of the missile compared to traditional rocket artillery led the United States Forces Korea (USFK) to categorize it as an SRBM. It flies on a controlled ballistic trajectory. Missiles are estimated to be 600 mm in diameter, 8.2 meters long, and weigh 3,000 kg. They have an unspecified guidance system and have six rotating rear fins, with four moving forward fins, which likely provide the attitude control of the rocket. They are mounted on either a four-tube Tatra 813 8×8 wheeled transporter-erector-launcher (TEL), or a tracked chassis with 10 road wheels on each side, carrying six tubes.

It is a battlefield weapon, suitable for deployment at battalion-level, to attack enemy rear-echelon targets out to 380 km, with a conventional blast-fragmentation warhead. In October 2022, the KN-25 was included in a statement among other missiles that North Korea claimed were part of its capability to deliver tactical nuclear weapons. At a parade in February 2023, the KN-25 was included among other missiles which the North Korean press collectively referred to these as "tactical nuclear weapons operation units."

The six rotating rear fins are an unusual feature for rocket artillery, a considerable innovation of North Korea. Their purpose is to provide stabilisation of the rocket while in flight, compared to other rocket artillery rounds, which are usually spin stabilised by rotating the entire body. This method of stabilisation creates a more favourable environment for the guidance systems, as the rest of the missile does not rotate. It is possible that the missile will be stabilised through rolling the missile when it enters the upper atmosphere, where the smaller control fins are unable to function optimally, and then stopping the spin as it re-enters into denser air.

The missile possibly derives from the OTR-21 Tochka/KN-02 Toksa, which has a similarly sized motor, at 62 cm diameter. Connecting three such motor segments would result in a length similar to the KN-25 rocket. It has a 300 kg heavy warhead and circular error probable accuracy of 80 to 90 meters. The KN-25 is likely an indigenous project, as media coverage of this missile emphasises its research, using words such as 'Juche projectiles' to describe it, unlike the KN-23.

On January 1, 2023, 30 TELs were presented as a gift to the plenary meeting of the Worker's Party of Korea, with Kim Jong-un attending and making a speech. The system was described as 'unprecedented', in both the munitions industry as having no equal and its presentation, being on the lawn of the party central committee. 30 6-tube tracked launchers plus at least nine 4-tube wheeled launchers publicly showcased in North Korea's possession, would give them the ability to fire up to 216 projectiles, requiring many fewer launch vehicles than would be needed to fire a similar number of traditional ballistic missiles, to saturate South Korean ballistic missile defenses.

Cruise missile launcher
On 13 September 2021, North Korea announced they had conducted successful flight tests of a land attack cruise missile (LACM) over the past two days. The mobile launcher appears to be the same vehicle used to carry KN-25 "oversized" rockets, both weapons likely being similar in diameter. The cruise missile could carry a conventional or nuclear warhead. It is claimed to have a range from 1500 km to 2000 km. It was later revealed to be named the Hwasal-1/2.