Kaaval Dheivam

Kaaval Dheivam is a 1969 Indian Tamil-language drama film, directed by K. Vijayan and produced by S. V. Subbaiah. An adaptation of the novel Kai Vilangu by Jayakanthan, the film stars Sivakumar, Sowcar Janaki, Lakshmi and Nagesh, while Sivaji Ganesan makes an extended cameo appearance. The film was a moderate success at box-office. It was remade in Kannada as Devara Mane (1985).

Plot
Aanaikundram Jail. Superintendent K. Raghavan is a man of integrity and humaneness who views the 500 inmates as 500 books that need to be perused. He stays with his wife Alamu in the bungalow adjoining the penitentiary, and the childless couple treats the prisoners with compassion and love, for they look upon the inmates as the children they never had. Chamundi who is serving a life sentence for killing one of the 2 villains who had fatally molested his teenage daughter Sivakami.

In the nearby Allikkulam village lives Manickam- an honest, hardworking youth who is the leaseholder of Raghavan's lands. Manickam and Kokila love each other. The scoundrel Marimuthu, an unwelcome suitor of Kokila, sees his dreams of marrying Kokila coming to nought, and schemes with his accomplices to harm Manickam. They spy Manickam and Kokila singing and romancing, and this increases their ire. Marimuthu accosts Manickam near the Aiyanaar statue. When Marimuthu speaks deprecatingly of Manickam's lineage, Manickam sees red. He plucks the sword from the hands of the Aiyanaar statue and injures Marimuthu. Manickam is arrested and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment. Superintendent Raghavan consoles him and treats him with kindness. With the unusual backdrop of a prison, original story author JK endows each character with an interesting history and subtle idiosyncrasies.

The story then captures the interesting events in the prison. Of particular interest are the sequences that involve Chamundi. Chamundi sees the other man who was responsible for his daughter's death as an inmate in the prison and manages to hack him to death one night. For this crime, Chamundi is sentenced to death, and the death sentence is carried out. In the meantime, Manickam gets the news that his mother is seriously unwell. He grieves for her and longs to pay her a visit. On his own accord Superintendent Raghavan takes the unprecedented step of permitting Manickam to go to Allikulam to see his mother, after eliciting a promise from him that he would return to the prison by daybreak. The next day is Raghavan's last day in service, and Raman Nair arrives to take charge as the new superintendent. Manickam has not yet returned, and Raman Nair refuses to take charge until the headcount tallies with the roster. Raghavan is confident that Manickam will return, and his confidence is not misplaced. Manickam arrives just in the nick of time. Raghavan retires; his honour and reputation untarnished.

Production
After acting in several films, S. V. Subbaiah decided to venture into production. He chose to adapt Kai Vilangu, a novel of Jayakanthan; the film adaptation would be titled Kaaval Deivam. It is the directorial debut of K. Vijayan. M. R. Krishnamurthy made his film debut with this film. Sivaji Ganesan, who made an extended cameo appearance, completed his portions in five days in between the schedules of Uyarndha Manithan upon that film's producer M. Saravanan's permission.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by G. Devarajan, while the lyrics were written by Mayavanathan, Thanjai Vaanan & Nellai Arulmani.

Release and reception
Kaaval Dheivam was released on 1 May 1969. Ananda Vikatan, in a review dated 8 June 1969, praised the film for its story, the cast performances and the cinematography. The Indian Express in its review dated 3 May 1969 called it "a conventional picture and a departure from the usual Tamil film" and concluded "The technical side is not an asset to the film but despite these drawbacks, it is a warmly recommendable family picture".