Keith Henderson (artist)

Keith Henderson (17 April 1883 – 24 February 1982) was a Scottish painter who worked in both oils and watercolours, and who is known for his book illustrations and his poster work for London Transport and the Empire Marketing Board. He had a long professional career that included periods as a war artist in both the First World War, in which he served in the trenches, and in the Second World War.

Early life and First World War
Henderson was born in Scotland and brought up in Aberdeenshire and in London. He was one of three children born to George MacDonald Henderson, a barrister at Lincoln's Inn, and Constance Helen, née Keith. He attended Orme Square School in London and Marlborough College. Henderson studied at the Slade School of Art before continuing to develop his art at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris. While in Paris he shared a studio with Maxwell Armfield. During the First World War Henderson served as a Captain with the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry on the Western Front. He depicted his experiences of warfare there in several paintings and in a book, Letters to Helen: Impressions of an Artist on the Western Front, first published in 1917. 'Helen' was Helen Knox-Shaw, who Henderson married in 1917 at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London.

Between the two world wars Henderson travelled extensively in Africa and South America and would later include images of the flora and fauna he saw on these trips in his book illustrations. Henderson worked as an illustrator, designing posters and book jackets. He illustrated books by W. H. Hudson and E. R. Eddison, including The Worm Ouroboros, and, with Norman Wilkinson, an edition of Geoffrey Chaucer's translation of The Romaunt of the Rose. He produced poster designs for both London Transport and the Empire Marketing Board, who sent him to paint in Cyprus for over a year.

He also exhibited his work, at the Royal Academy and a solo show of paintings of Cyprus at the Beaux Arts Gallery at Bruton Place in London.

In August 1927, Henderson wrote a letter to The Times, giving his address as "Eoligarry, Isle of Barra, Outer Hebrides". He also lived at Glen Nevis and, from 1942, for several years at Spean Bridge. Henderson also worked in South Africa, Cyprus and Egypt.

Second World War
At the start of the Second World War, Henderson was one of the first two artists, alongside Paul Nash, appointed as a full-time salaried artist to the Air Ministry by the War Artists' Advisory Committee, WAAC. Henderson was sent to RAF bases in Scotland but was frustrated to find that William Rothenstein, although not contracted to WAAC at the time, had already visited many of the same bases and made many of the portrait drawings Henderson was due to paint. This led Henderson to concentrate on ground crew, aircraft hangars, repair shops and runways. Although the painting An Improvised Test of an Under-carriage provoked fury in the Air Ministry and contributed to Henderson's six-month contract not being extended, it was among the artworks shown at the first WAAC Britain at War exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in May 1941. The painting shows a man jumping up and down on the wing of a Lockheed Hudson to test the undercarriage.

Although disappointed his appointment had not been extended, Henderson continued to paint war subjects. Among these paintings was Loading Gantry for Pluto, which shows the giant gantry at W. T. Glover and Co. used for preparing the pipelines to be laid under the Channel to supply fuel to Allied forces in France.

Later life
After the Second World War Henderson continued to paint, although his style changed somewhat. By the 1970s he was painting groups of figures in minimal settings, often against all-white backgrounds. His wife, Helen died in 1971 "after nearly sixty perfectly wonderful years together". After an interval of great heart searching he moved to London, having sold their Scottish home and his complete collection of pictures and books. During the last twenty years of his life, Henderson engraved over sixty illustrations for a book on Assyrian, Egyptian and Greek mythology which he titled Creatures and Personages, but which remained unpublished at the time of his death.

Henderson was the subject of a solo exhibition at the Palter/ Sands Gallery in Bristol in 1980. He was an active member, and major benefactor, of the Royal Watercolour Society until his death in 1982 in South Africa. Works by Henderson are held in numerous Scottish collections, as well as the Imperial War Museum, the RAF Museum and the National Gallery of Canada.

Other works and illustrations

 * 1904 Illustrations for the second edition of The Purple Land, Duckworth Books, by William H. Hudson.
 * 1909 Catalogue of an exhibition of "Whimsey Pictures" and pictures of Antrim and Donegal by Keith Henderson : London : Baillie Gallery.
 * 1910 The Revolt of Woman and Other Poems by Vivian Locke Ellis (Locke Ellis),  frontispiece by Keith Henderson. Cream cloth lettered red on spine and cover, ruled border in red, 62pp, sm 8vo.
 * 1918 The War Depicted by Distinguished British Artists (The Studio) 8 colour plates, others in b & w, 1 by Henderson, brown cloth lettered in gilt, top edge gilt, 98pp, 4to.
 * 1919 The Late Lieut. Nickalls From a Drawing by Keith Henderson (The Studio Vol 78 No. 321) monochrome illustration by Henderson.
 * 1925	Keith Henderson by Geoffrey Whitworth (The Studio Vol 90 No. 388) 6 portraits by Henderson, 2 full page, one of which is coloured; card covers, 8vo.
 * 1927	Times Literary Supplement - Printing Number. 13th October 1927. Full page illustration by Henderson taken from W.H. Prescott Conquest of Mexico 1922. White cloth cover, spine label lettered gilt on brown, 64pp, large 4to.
 * 1930 Vision- Number 2: The Magazine of the Gloucester Society of Artists, three line drawings by Henderson (taken from The Purple Land), blue card covers, 37pp,  stapled.
 * 1930 The Crusades: Iron Men and Saints by Harold Lamb (Doubleday, Doran and Company) coloured dust wrapper by Henderson, black cloth pictorially stamped in gilt, spine lettering gilt, 368pp, d/w, large 8vo.
 * 1934	Catalogue of an Exhibition of Cotswold Art and Craftsmanship Preface by William Rothenstein (The Alcuin Press Gallery, Chipping Campden) paper covers with engraving to upper wrapper, stapled. No illustrations but two priced entries, of a pastel and a watercolour, for sale by Henderson.
 * 1934	The Heart of Scotland by George Blake (Batsford) coloured frontispiece illustration by Henderson; (photographs by various hands; other illustrations by Brian Cook) purple cloth with title and author in green on upper-cover and spine, mauve head, 115pp + 32pp Batsford catalogue), d/w, 8vo.
 * 1937 The Children's Art Book by Geoffrey Holme (The Studio) London. 25 mounted plates plus numerous b & w illustrations including three by Henderson, cloth backed illustrated boards, 96pp, dw, 8vo.
 * 1938 The Good Work (The Tatler March 1938) Coloured double page illustration by Henderson.
 * 1941 War-Time Notes of a Peaceful Artist (The Listener No. 637 27 March 1941) article and two monochrome illustrations by Henderson.
 * 1941 Notes of a Peaceful Artist in War Time (The Listener No. 666 16 October 1941) article and single monochrome illustration by Henderson.
 * 1942	War Pictures by British Artists – No. 3 R.A.F. with an introduction by H. E. Bates (Oxford University Press) b & w illustrations by several artists including 4 by Henderson; paperback, 64pp, d/w, 8vo.
 * 1949	Glencoe and Dalness: Illustrated Guide Book (The National Trust for Scotland) cover design by Henderson, photographs and illustrations by others, card covers, 64pp, stapled small folio.
 * 1952 Recording Scotland edited with notes by James B Salmond (Oliver and Boyd for The Pilgrim Trust) Coloured and monochrome plates, three by Henderson, red cloth, spine title in gilt, rouge head, 168pp, d/w, 4to.
 * 1956 In Praise of Water-Colour article by Henderson (The Old Water-Colour Society’s Club vol 31) coloured and monochrome plates, none by Henderson, white cloth backed boards, spine title in gilt, 32pp, 4to.
 * 1975	The Artist and the Book: Conversations with Keith Henderson by Keith Nicholson (ABMR Vol II no 11 issue 21) 5 illustrations including 3 double page/page-and-a-half illustrations (from the unpublished book Creatures and Personages by Keith Henderson), card covers, 11pp within magazine, stapled folio.