Kennywood

Kennywood is an amusement park which is located in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, just southeast of Pittsburgh. The park opened on May 30, 1898, as a trolley park attraction at the end of the Mellon family's Monongahela Street Railway.

It was purchased in 1906 by F. W. Henninger and Andrew McSwigan, both of whom later formed the family-owned Kennywood Entertainment Company. The company later sold Kennywood, along with four other parks, in 2007 to Parques Reunidos, an international entertainment operator based in Spain.

The amusement park features various structures and rides dating back to the early 1900s. Along with Rye Playland Park, it is one of two amusement parks in the United States designated as a National Historic Landmark. Kennywood is also one of thirteen trolley parks in the United States that remain in operation.

Location
Kennywood is approximately 8 mi from Downtown Pittsburgh, in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania. The park is along Pennsylvania Route 837 (Green Belt), known as Kennywood Boulevard as it passes through the borough. The closest Interstate connection is Exit 77 (Edgewood/Swissvale) on Interstate 376. The Mon–Fayette Expressway will eventually go past Kennywood, which will prompt an expansion of the park when it is built.

Historically, the park is on the location of the July 9, 1755 Battle of the Monongahela, where British general Edward Braddock was mortally wounded, ending his expedition to capture the French Fort Duquesne during the French and Indian War. George Washington was a colonel to Braddock, and fought at the battle before they retreated. Later the land on the bluff above the Monongahela River was part of a farm owned by Anthony Kenny. Around the time of the American Civil War, the site was a popular picnic grove for locals, known as "Kenny's Grove".

History
A tree-filled portion of a farm overlooking the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh owned by Anthony Kenny, known as "Kenny's Grove", was a popular picnic spot for local residents during the American Civil War. In 1898, the Monongahela Street Railways Company, partially owned by prominent banker Andrew Mellon, seeking to increase fare profits on the weekends, leased the land from the Kenny family in order to create a trolley park at the end of their line. The company's chief engineer, George S. Davidson, designed the original layout of the park and served as its first manager. A carousel, casino hall, and dance pavilion were added in 1899. A bandstand was constructed in 1900, while the Old Mill was constructed in 1901, and the park's first roller coaster, the Figure Eight Toboggan, was added in 1902.

After less than a decade, the trolley company no longer wanted to manage the park. The standing manager, Andrew S. McSwigan, along with partners Frederick W. Henninger and A. F. Meghan, leased and operated the park as Kennywood Park Limited beginning in 1906.

From its origin as a working-class picnic entertainment destination, the park grew in the first half of the twentieth century into a popular attraction that combined thrill rides with recreation venues such as swimming pools and dance halls.

Kennywood ceased to be served by streetcar when Mon Street Railways successor Pittsburgh Railways Company converted the route serving it, the lengthy #68 Duquesne-McKeesport line, from trolley to bus on September 15, 1958.

On December 12, 2007, Kennywood Entertainment announced that it would be selling Kennywood Park, along with four other amusement parks in the Northeastern United States, to Parques Reunidos, a company based in Madrid, Spain.

Kennywood uses the slogans “Welcome to the family”, "America's finest traditional amusement park", and "Make a new memory", although from the 1960s through the early 1990s the slogan was "The roller coaster capital of the world" (a title which is now used by Cedar Point). Kennywood features three wooden roller coasters still in working order (Jack Rabbit, Racer and Thunderbolt), along with three newer steel coasters (Phantom's Revenge, Sky Rocket and Steel Curtain) and one indoor coaster (Exterminator).

The park holds several events throughout the year, including Phantom Fall Fest,

Park timeline

 * 1898: Kenny's Grove purchased on December 18 by Monongahela Street Railway Co.
 * 1899: Kennywood Park formally opens on May 30 with a G.A. Dentzel carousel, a dance hall, and the Parkside Cafe
 * 1900: Park's first coaster Figure Eight Toboggan opens
 * 1901: Old Mill and Casino restaurant open
 * 1903: Steeplechase opens
 * 1904: Steeplechase removed
 * 1905: Dip-the-Dips Scenic Railway opens
 * 1906: Figure Eight Toboggan renamed to Gee Whizz Dip the Dips
 * 1907: Old Mill is rethemed to Panama Canal
 * 1910: Racer opens, Dip-the-Dips Scenic Railway removed
 * 1911: Speed-O-Plane opens, fire occurs at the park
 * 1912: Panama Canal rethemed to Old Mill Rapids Gorge after being damaged in the 1911 fire
 * 1913: Original G.A. Dentzel carousel replaced by T.M. Harton model
 * 1915: Old Mill Rapids Gorge rethemed to Old Mill
 * 1916: Wurlitzer Band Organ is purchased to provide music for carousel
 * 1917: Old Mill is rethemed to Fairyland Floats
 * 1919: The Whip opens
 * 1920: Jack Rabbit opens
 * 1921: Gee Whizz Dip the Dips and Figure Eight Toboggan removed, Fairyland Floats rethemed to Tour of the World
 * 1922: Dodgem opens
 * 1923: Speed-O-Plane removed
 * 1924: Pippin and Kiddieland open
 * 1925: Swimming pool opens
 * 1926: 1910 Racer removed, The Whip replaced with newer model, Tour of the World rethemed to Old Mill
 * 1927: T.M. Harton carousel replaced by William H. Dentzel model while retaining Wurlitzer Band Organ, new Racer debuts, Tumble Bug opens, Kiddieland moved to current location
 * 1928: Brownie Coaster and Tilt-A-Whirl open
 * 1929: Dodgem removed
 * 1930: Auto Race and Laff in the Dark open
 * 1931: Tickler roller coaster opens
 * 1934: Tilt-A-Whirl removed, Fun on the Farm opens
 * 1935: Teddy Bear coaster and Skooter open
 * 1936: Noah's Ark and Loop-O-Plane open, Fun on the Farm removed
 * 1937: 13 Spook Street and Kiddie Old Mill open
 * 1938: Ridee-O opens
 * 1940: Rockets opens
 * 1941: Daffy Klub replaces 13 Spook Street
 * 1945: Olde Kennywood Railroad opens
 * 1946: Original facade on Racer loading platform replaced
 * 1947: Teddy Bear coaster removed, Jack Rabbit tunnel removed
 * 1948: Little Dipper and Tilt-A-Whirl open, Auto Race is renamed Auto Ride, Auto Ride's hills are removed and cars are renovated, Tumble Bug receives new turtle-themed cars and is renamed Turtle
 * 1949: Hurricane opens


 * 1950: Roll-O-Plane and Loop-O-Plane removed
 * 1952: Octopus and Tickler coaster removed
 * 1953: Swimming pool closes and becomes U-Driven boat concession
 * 1955: Rotor and Kiddie Cadillacs open, swimming pool reopens after renovation and is renamed Sunlite Pool, Daffy Klub removed, Little Dipper renovated and renamed Dipper
 * 1957: Round-Up opens, Old Mill rethemed to Trip Around The World
 * 1958: Wild Mouse opens, Rotor and Hurricane removed
 * 1959: Skydiver, Rock 'N Roll, Twin Ferris Wheel, and Crazy Orbit open, Ridee-O removed
 * 1960: Bouncer opens, facade on Racer loading platform redesigned, Wild Mouse removed
 * 1961: Bandshell destroyed in fire, Calypso opens, Old Mill receives new boats
 * 1962: Kangaroo opens
 * 1963: Tilt-A-Whirl removed
 * 1964: Tornado dark ride from defunct Freedomland opens, new Round-Up model opens named Satellite
 * 1965: Rotor and Popover open, Laff in the Dark and Octopus removed
 * 1966: Turnpike opens, Tornado removed
 * 1967: Road Runner (Cuddle Up) opens, Ghost Ship dark ride replaces Tornado
 * 1968: Pippin becomes Thunderbolt after renovation
 * 1969: Noah's Ark remodeled, Loop-O-Plane, Roll-O-Plane, Rock 'N Roll, and Twin Ferris Wheel removed, inner helix "speed hill" removed from Thunderbolt
 * 1971: Bayern Kurve and Roll-O-Plane open
 * 1972: Le Cachot dark ride replaces Safari, Monster and Rotor removed
 * 1973: Gran Prix and The Potato Patch open, Sunlite Pool removed
 * 1974: Old Mill is rethemed to Hardheaded Harold's Horrendously Humorous Haunted Hideaway, Crazy Orbit is converted into Space Odyssey, Kenny Kangaroo debuts as park mascot, Monster removed
 * 1975: Monster and Log Jammer open (the latter is the first multimillion-dollar ride in park history), Bouncer removed, Merry-Go-Round and organ are refurbished, fire burns down Ghost Ship and Road Runner
 * 1976: Tilt-A-Whirl opens, Round Up replaced by Super Round Up, Monster is removed, Skydiver opens as Paratrooper
 * 1977: Cinesphere opens
 * 1978: Enterprise opens, Cinesphere renamed to Cinema 180, Rockets and Space Odyssey removed
 * 1979: Monongahela Monster and Garden Stage open, Skooter removed
 * 1980: Laser Loop opens
 * 1981: Gold Rusher and Paddle Boats open
 * 1982: Pirate and Ranger open, new PTC trains replace Wonder Bread trains on Racer
 * 1983: Swing Around opens, Ranger and Loop-O-Plane removed
 * 1984: Wave Swinger opens, Swing Around removed, Bayern Kurve is replaced, Dipper removed
 * 1985: Raging Rapids opens, Super Round-Up is relocated to Idlewild Park, Roll-O-Plane removed
 * 1986: Wonder Wheel opens, Bayern Kurve and Calypso removed, new water features added to Raging Rapids
 * 1987: Musik Express opens, Turnpike electric cars added, Kennywood designated National Historic Landmark
 * 1988: Flying Carpet and Rotor open, Tilt-A-Whirl relocated to Idlewild Park, Kennywood Memories is filmed and premieres in September
 * 1989: Swing Around opens, Monongahela Monster removed
 * 1990: Great Balloon Race and Parachute Drop open, original facade on Racer loading platform restored, Laser Loop removed
 * 1991: Steel Phantom and Tri-Star open, Merry-Go-Round organ is restored, tunnel on Jack Rabbit restored
 * 1992: Tri-Star removed
 * 1993: WipeOut opens, Hardheaded Harold's Horrendously Humorous Haunted Hideaway rethemed to Old Mill
 * 1994: Skycoaster and Bayern Kurve open, Rotor moved to Lake Compounce
 * 1995: Lost Kennywood expansion is built on former location of Sunlite Pool, Pittsburg Plunge, Phantom Phlyer, and Roll-O-Plane open, Great Balloon Race moved to Idlewild Park, Parachute Drop removed
 * 1996: Lil Phantom and Kenny's Parkway open, Noah's Ark renovated, Phantom Phlyer relocated to Lake Compounce, Auto Ride renamed Auto Race
 * 1997: Pitt Fall opens
 * 1998: Kennywood celebrates 100th anniversary, Centennial Midway opens for the 1998 season only, Le Cachot demolished
 * 1999: Exterminator coaster opens, Wonder Wheel removed


 * 2000: Aero 360 opens, Garfield and Odie become park mascots
 * 2001: Steel Phantom renovated into Phantom's Revenge, Crazy Trolley opens
 * 2002: Pounce Bounce opens, Phantom Fright Nights debuts
 * 2003: King Kahuna (formerly Top Spin from Lake Compounce), Ham-on-Rye Theatre, and Volcano Valley themed area open, Enterprise renamed Volcano, Roll-O-Plane and Miniature Golf removed
 * 2004: Old Mill rethemed to Garfield's Nightmare, Bayern Kurve removed
 * 2005: New front gates built, free admission and individual pay-per-ride tickets discontinued and replaced with general admission passes, Merry-Go-Round and Wurlitzer Band Organ renovated, Swing Around, Garden Stage, Kiddie Cadillacs, and Ham-on-Rye Theatre removed
 * 2006: Swing Shot opens, Flying Carpet removed
 * 2007: Cosmic Chaos and SS Kenny open, Gold Rusher removed
 * 2008: Ghostwood Estate and new games building in Kiddieland open, WipeOut relocated to Lake Compounce
 * 2009: Bayern Kurve opens, portions of Phantom's Revenge retracked, Turnpike and King Kahuna removed
 * 2010: Sky Rocket and Kenny's Kabanas open
 * 2011: Kandy Kaleidoscope, Parkside Cafe, and Star Refreshment remodeled, Merry-Go-Round horses and Wurlitzer Band Organ refurbished, Holiday Lights debuts, Noah's Ark renovated, Pitt Fall removed
 * 2012: Black Widow opens, Carousel Food Court removed
 * 2014: Johnny Rockets opens, Playdium Arcade removed
 * 2015: 4-D Theater opens
 * 2016: Noah's Ark renovated, Volcano removed, former Lake Compounce Enterprise ride opens and is renamed Volcano
 * 2017: Sky Rocket VR experience debuts during Phantom Fright Nights, Floral Clock and Log Jammer removed
 * 2018: Thomas Town opens, Olde Kennywood Railroad rethemed to coincide with Thomas Town, Sky Rocket closed for maintenance all season
 * 2019: Part of the Steelers Country section opens with Steel Curtain, Sky Rocket reopens, Black Widow is closed for maintenance all season, Pounce Bounce and Orbiter removed
 * 2020: The rest of Steelers Country opens with the Steelers Experience and End Zone Cafe, Garfield's Nightmare rethemed to Old Mill, all Garfield theming removed, Floral Clock returns, Black Widow and Steel Curtain closed all season, limited operating hours and Phantom Fright Nights cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic, five rides removed after the season (Bayern Kurve, Kangaroo, Kenny's Parkway, Paratrooper, and Volcano), Volcano Valley themed area removed
 * 2021: Black Widow and Steel Curtain reopen, some attractions remain temporarily closed for the season due to COVID-19, Phantom Fall Fest debut
 * 2022: Phantom's Revenge track repainted, the park begins a three-year celebration of its upcoming 125th anniversary, Kangaroo returns due to popular demand following a renovation, Old Mill receives a new facade, two new seasonal events (Swing Into Spring and Summer's On) debut, Speedy Pass virtual queue system is introduced replacing the previous V.I.P. Coaster Tour system, all attractions that were closed due to COVID-19 reopen except for Skycoaster, the 4-D Theater, and Raging Rapids
 * 2023: Spinvasion debuts alongside a new Area 412 themed section, Raging Rapids reopens after year-long renovation, Steel Curtain closed half the season, Aero 360 closed for maintenance all season, Johnny Rockets closes, 4-D Theater and Skycoaster remain closed all season, Elephant Parade and S.S. Kenny removed
 * 2024: Gran Prix rethemed and renamed Potato Smash, Aero 360 reopens, Steel Curtain closed for the season for "an extensive modification project", Johnny Rockets replaced with Carousel Burger Co.

Recognition
For the past several years, Kennywood has been rated the "Favorite 'Dark Attraction Park by the Darkride and Funhouse Enthusiasts (DAFE). Kennywood ranked second to Cedar Point in the category of "Favorite Park" in Theme Park Magazine's 2004 Reader's Choice Awards.

The park was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1987.

Themed areas

 * Kiddieland, featuring several child-oriented rides in a compact area located next to the edge of the cliff on the river-view side of the park. It was originally located next to the Jack Rabbit before moving to its current location in 1927.
 * Lost Kennywood was added to the park in 1995. The area references Kennywood's long history, including its short-lived rival Luna Park (1905–1909) and the illusion of old and dangerous rides.
 * Thomas Town, themed after Thomas the Tank Engine, opened as an extension of Kiddieland on July 27, 2018.
 * Steelers Country is themed after the Pittsburgh Steelers and includes a roller coaster called Steel Curtain, which has the tallest inversion in the world and the most inversions in the United States. Steelers Country was introduced in 2019.
 * Area 412 is an intergalactic-themed area. This section was officially established in 2023 with Spinvasion's debut, replacing the former Volcano Valley area.

Former

 * Volcano Valley was established in 2003, and featured several rides, as well as cement volcanoes that spewed smoke. Volcano Valley was removed in 2020.

Roller coasters
Kennywood has made use of the hilly Pittsburgh terrain to create coasters with unique layouts. Thunderbolt and Jack Rabbit, both wooden coasters, place the lift chain in the middle of the ride, not at the beginning. In both cases, the car leaves the station and drops into a valley as its first drop. Phantom's Revenge uses the same valley as Thunderbolt, and its second drop passes through the supports of Thunderbolt's first drop, making Phantom's Revenge's second drop the longest and steepest drop in the ride.

Thomas Town
Thomas Town opened in 2018 as an expansion of Kiddieland. The Olde Kennywood Railroad has also become part of this area, re-themed as Journey With Thomas.

Incidents at Kennywood

 * On April 24, 1961, the 64-year-old bandstand burned to the ground, hours after the park opened for the season.
 * On May 17, 1968, a 15-year-old boy died onThunderbolt after falling out of the train.
 * On June 19, 1975, Ghost Ship burned to the ground. The fire was later found to be caused by an electrical malfunction.
 * The 1986 arrest of a park visitor for drug possession went all the way to the Pennsylvania Superior Court in 1988, which ruled in favor of the park's security force. The defendant had unsuccessfully attempted to have the evidence suppressed.
 * On July 11, 1999, 30 guests were taken to local hospitals when an operator of Thunderbolt failed to brake an incoming train, resulting in a collision with a train further along in the station.
 * On May 31, 2002, a macroburst hit Kennywood, leaving one person dead. The storm, with winds up to 80 mph, knocked the roof off the wooden pavilion which housed The Whip
 * On September 24, 2022, three people were injured during a shooting inside the park during Phantom Fall Fest.

In popular culture
Kennywood's world-renowned reputation and nationwide popularity has led to its mention and appearance in many forms of media, including TV shows, movies, books, records, and has even warranted a reason to film a documentary about the park's history.

Television

 * Kennywood was mentioned in an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation entitled "Turn of the Screws", which focused on a Las Vegas roller coaster derailment. CSI Supervisor Gil Grissom, who is a roller coaster enthusiast, tells the park engineer that he holds the marathon riding record on Steel Phantom.
 * Kennywood was mentioned on an episode of Without a Trace. It was shown in the episode and referred to by a different name.
 * After the Pittsburgh Steelers won Super Bowl XL in 2006, Steelers safety Mike Logan, a native of McKeesport near Kennywood, made a humorous riff on the "I'm going to Disney World!" advertising campaign usually associated with the Super Bowl, saying, "Forget Disney World, I want them to open up Kennywood!"
 * Singer and actor Micky Dolenz, former drummer for The Monkees, often fondly tells audiences at his live shows that Kennywood was the location of his first ever public performance. He appeared at Kennywood with an elephant in the 1950s when he was in Circus Boy. The television series featured Dolenz as Corky, a boy who grows up on the road in a circus.
 * A shot of Kennywood can be seen in the Nickelodeon TV program Zoey 101 in the episode "Roller Coaster". A sign reading "Spine Twister" can be seen on the lift hill of Phantom's Revenge.
 * The park appears in a season 2 episode of Shipping Wars in which shippers Christopher Hanna and Robbie Welsh were hired to transport the giant black widow spider figure that adorns the entrance of Black Widow from a theming company in New Jersey to Kennywood a few days prior to the ride's opening day. The ending scene of the episode shows Chris and Robbie riding the attraction.
 * Kennywood was featured on the July 29, 2022, episode of CBS's Secret Celebrity Renovation featuring Billy Gardell, who goes to Kennywood while renovating his best friend's mother's house.

Movies

 * In the 1993 film Striking Distance, a poster for Kennywood's Fraternal Order of Police picnic day is visible inside a Pittsburgh Police station.
 * Footage of Kennywood's Musik Express was shown in the beginning of the 1994 film Only You. Wonder Wheel was also featured in this movie.
 * The 2009 film Adventureland was filmed at Kennywood.
 * Parts of the 2022 film Dear Zoe were filmed at Kennywood.

Literature

 * Kennywood served as the inspiration for "Joyland Park" in LJ Smith's teen horror novel The Forbidden Game: The Kill.
 * Kennywood served as the main inspiration for Jennifer Cruise and Bob Mayer's novel Wild Ride. The writers acknowledged the park by thanking "Kennywood for giving us a place to start thinking about Dreamland".

Music

 * In 1899, Kennywood commissioned the "Kennywood Park Waltz" from Margaretha Scandroll. Kennywood would sell the sheet music in the park. It has only been professionally recorded once, for the 2007 documentary "Welcome Back Riders". It was performed by the Bulgarian Tosheff Piano Duo.
 * In 1987, rock singer Freddy Cannon recorded a remade version of his 1962 hit "Palisades Park" called "Kennywood Park", featuring attractions at Kennywood. The song was released on a limited-edition 45 vinyl pressing and sold as a $1.99 fundraising item for Pittsburgh's Children's Hospital through the now-defunct National Record Mart.

Documentary

 * On September 28, 1988, the local PBS station, WQED, aired Kennywood Memories, a one-hour documentary about Kennywood, narrated by Rick Sebak. Although many of the rides featured in the documentary have since been removed, the historic information about the park is still accurate.
 * Kennywood was featured in the 2007 documentary "Welcome Back Riders".
 * Kennywood was featured in the YouTube documentary channel Defunctland in a video on the history of Garfield's Nightmare.