Koiarian languages

The Koiarian languages  Koiari are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

Languages
The languages are:
 * Koiaric branch (Koiari): Grass Koiari, Mountain Koiari–Koitabu
 * Baraic branch (Managalas Plateau): Barai–Namiae, Ese (Managalasi), Ömie

Dutton (2010) classifies the Koiarian languages as:


 * Baraic
 * Ömie
 * Barai–Managalasi (incl. Namiae)
 * Koiaric
 * Mountain Koiari
 * Koita – Grass Koiari

Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:

! !!sg!!pl !1 !2 !3
 * na ||*no
 * a ||*ja
 * aɸu ||*[i/e]abu
 * }

Vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Koiarian and other lower-level reconstructions are from the Trans-New Guinea database:


 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! gloss !! Proto-Koiarian !! Proto-Koiariac !! Proto-Baraic ! head ! hair ! ear ! eye ! nose ! tooth ! tongue ! leg ! louse ! dog ! pig ! bird ! egg ! blood ! bone ! skin ! breast ! tree ! man ! woman ! sun ! moon ! water ! fire ! stone ! road, path ! name ! eat ! one ! two
 * || *kina ||
 * *fómo || ||
 * || || *gada
 * *ni || ||
 * *uri || ||
 * || || *gubai
 * || || *bitarV
 * || || *díʔ-
 * *ʔumu || ||
 * || *to || *(ʔ,k)uo
 * || *ofo || *mafV
 * *ugu[fa] || ||
 * *uni || ||
 * *taɣo || ||
 * || || *(ʔ)adV
 * *vata || ||
 * *amu || || *m(u,o)sV
 * *idí || ||
 * || *ata || *baru
 * *maɣina || *nigi ||
 * || *vani || *maja-; *ve
 * || *bata ||
 * || || *[i]do
 * *vené || ||
 * *muni || || *Umari
 * || *ɣuma ||
 * *ifí || ||
 * *i- || ||
 * *(i,o)gau || || *Ogonu
 * || *abu(t)i || *inoki
 * }

Evolution
Koiarian reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:

Koiari language:
 * muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
 * uni ‘egg’ < *mun(a,i,u)ka
 * idu ‘tree’ < *inda
 * iya ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
 * karika ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
 * muni ‘stone < *(na)muna
 * nana ‘older same-sex sibling’ < *nan(a,i)
 * u-tuvu ‘ashes’ < *kambu-sumbu

Managalasi language:
 * ata ‘bone’ < *kondaC
 * muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
 * iha ‘name’ < *imbi
 * uma ‘louse’ < *iman
 * uka ‘bird’ < *yaka
 * tuua ‘short’ < *tukumba[C]
 * muna ‘stone’ < *(na)muna
 * ija ‘tree’ < *inda
 * otoka ‘knee’ < *(k,ŋg)atuk
 * kora ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata

Phonotactics
Like the Binanderean languages, Barai and other Koiarian languages only allow for open syllables and do not allow final CVC.