Kott language

The Kott (Kot) language (Коттский язык) is an extinct Yeniseian language that was formerly spoken in central Siberia by the banks of the Mana River, a tributary of the Yenisei river. It became extinct in the 1850s. Kott was closely related to Ket, still spoken farther north along the Yenisei river. Assan, a close relative, is sometimes considered a dialect of Kott.

Geography
Kott was spoken to the southeast of Krasnoyarsk, in the Biryusa and Kan river basins. However, hydronyms indicate a much wider area in the past, ranging from the Uda and Chuna rivers in the east to the Tom in the west.

Etymology
The term kott may be derived from Buryat qota 'town', applied to neighbouring non-pastoral peoples, including the last few Kotts.

Documentation
One of the earliest written records of Kott is in 1791, with the publication of Peter Simon Pallas's Сравнительный словарь всѣхъ языковъ и нарѣчій, по азбучному порядку расположенный, a comparative dictionary of various world languages and dialects. In 1858, Matthias Castrén published the grammar and dictionary (Versuch einer jenissei-ostjakischen und kottischen Sprachlehre), which included material on the Kott and Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) languages, recording two different dialects of Kott. There also exists two books written by Heinrich Werner (linguist) about the Kott language, namely Коттский язык (Kottskij jazyk), which includes a 110-page Russian-Kott glossary, and Abriß der kottischen Grammatik.

Vowels
In multisyllabic words, vowel length is phonemic. Vajda 2024 gives a different vowel system for Kott, based off of Castrén 1858.
 * 1)  is only attested in a few words dated to the 18th century, and can be considered an allophone of.

Influence from Turkic
Kott had been influenced by Turkic languages, and had borrowed some words from Turkic languages. For example Kott baktîr- ‘to praise’ comes from Proto-Turkic *paktïr (based on phonetics, likely loaned from Kumandin or Shor), or Kott kolá ‘copper, brass’ comes from Proto-Turkic *kola (of which the source is not phonetically identifiable). At the time of its extinction, it was also loaning words from Russian.

Grammar
Kott has special end markings to indicate that the noun being described is a hydronym which are -šet/čet.

Kott typically uses SVO word order, and is agglutinative.

Case
Kott has 7 cases. The dative, ablative and locative cases developed from possesed nouns, similarly to Ket and Yugh.