Lachine, Quebec

Lachine is a borough (arrondissement) within the city of Montreal on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada.

It was founded as a trading post in 1669. Developing into a parish and then an autonomous city, it was merged as a municipality into Montreal in 2002.

History


The first seigniory, Côte-Saint-Sulpice, was granted to the explorer and fur trader René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1667 with the first French settlers arriving at the beginning of 1669. A trading post was established and then fortified under the name of Fort Rolland. This bastion became an important place for the fur trade.

On August 4, 1689, more than 1500 Mohawk warriors raided the small village and burned it to the ground in retaliation for the ravaging of the Seneca lands, which was accused having been committed by the governor of New France, the Marquis de Denonville. The Lachine massacre left 80 dead.

Lachine was incorporated as a village in 1848, then it became a town in 1872 and a city in 1909. In 1912 it annexed the neighbouring Town of Summerlea, itself founded in 1895. It merged with the town of Saint-Pierre in 1999, and the combined municipality merged into Montreal on January 1, 2002. Lachine's logo during its municipality days is still in use today.

Etymology
Lachine, apparently from the French term la Chine for China, is often said to have been named in 1667, in mockery of its then owner René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle, who explored the interior of North America trying to find a passage to China. When he returned without success, he and his men were derisively named les Chinois (the Chinese). The name was adopted when the parish of Saints-Anges-de-la-Chine was created in 1676, with the form Lachine appearing with the opening of a post office in 1829.

An alternative etymology attributes the name to the famous French explorer Samuel de Champlain, who also hoped to find a passage from the Saint Lawrence River to China. According to this version, in 1618 Champlain proposed that a customs house would tax the trade goods from China passing this point, hence the name Lachine.

Geography
The borough is located in the southwest portion of the island of Montreal, at the inlet of the Lachine Canal, between the borough of LaSalle and the city of Dorval. It was a separate city until the municipal mergers on January 1, 2002, and it did not demerge on January 1, 2006.

The borough is bordered to the northwest by the city of Dorval, to the northeast by Saint-Laurent, to the east by Côte Saint-Luc, Montreal West and a narrow salient of Le Sud-Ouest, and to the south by LaSalle. Its western limit is the shore of Lake Saint-Louis and the Saint Lawrence River.

It has an area of 17.83 km2 (7 sq. mi.) and a population of 44,489 per the 2016 Canadian Census.

==Demographics ==

Municipal government
As of the November 7, 2021 Montreal election, the current borough council consists of the following members:

Federal and provincial districts
The entire borough is located within the federal riding of Dorval-Lachine-LaSalle, and within the provincial electoral district of Marquette.

Infrastructure
Autoroute 20 passes through Lachine, which is also served by the Lachine commuter train station.

Most noticeable of Lachine's features is the Lachine Canal and its recreational facilities, including the Lachine Canal National Historic Site. Around the canal's inlet, in the southern part of the borough, are located The Fur Trade at Lachine National Historic Site, René Lévesque Park (on a long peninsula extending into Lac Saint-Louis), and the Musée de Lachine, which has collections of modern outdoor sculpture both on its own grounds, in René Lévesque Park, and in other sites throughout the borough. Other historic buildings are also located near the canal's inlet.

Parks
A memorial to Air India Flight 182 is located in Monk Island, in Lachine. It was inaugurated in 2010.

Primary and secondary schools
The Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys operates Francophone public schools.

Adult schools include:
 * Centre d'éducation des adultes de LaSalle, Édifice Boileau

Professional development centres include:
 * Centre de formation professionnelle de Lachine (CFP), Édifice Dalbé-Viau and Édifice de la Rive

Secondary schools include: Primary schools include:
 * École secondaire Dalbé-Viau
 * Collège Saint-Louis
 * College Sainte-Anne de Lachine
 * École Primaire Catherine-Soumillard
 * École Primaire Victor Therrien
 * École Primaire des Berges-de-Lachine
 * École Primaire Jardin-des-Saints-Anges
 * École Primaire Martin-Bélanger
 * École Primaire Paul-Jarry
 * École Primaire Philippe-Morin
 * École Primaire Très-Saint-Sacrement

The Lester B. Pearson School Board (LBPSB) operates Anglophone public schools.
 * Lakeside Academy (a merger of Lachine High School and Bishop Whelan High School)
 * Maple Grove Elementary School in Lachine, a merger of the Meadowbrook School in Lachine and the Bishop-Whelan School in Dorval, opened in August 2010
 * A portion is zoned to LaSalle Elementary Junior and Senior Campus in LaSalle
 * The Pearson Electrotechnology Centre (PEC; Centre d'électrotechnologie Pearson), a public vocational school of the LBPSB, is in Lachine.

Public libraries
The Montreal Public Libraries Network operates the Saint-Pierre Branch and the Saul-Bellow Branch in Lachine.

Notable residents

 * Enock Makonzo (1997), Football player for the Edmonton Elks
 * Jean-Louis Besnard (dit Carignant) (1734–1791), merchant trader
 * Saul Bellow (1915–2005), author
 * Victor Malarek (1948-), journalist, broadcaster, novelist, investigative reporter
 * Michael E. Rose (1954–), journalist, broadcaster, novelist, playwright
 * Tim Harkness (1937), Baseball player for the New York Mets
 * Shmuel Schecter (1915–2000), rabbi and Torah educator
 * M. Wylie Blanchet (1891-1961), travel writer, was raised in Lachine