Leaders of the Russian Civil War

The leaders of the Russian Civil War listed below include the important political and military figures of the Russian Civil War. The conflict, fought largely from 7 November 1917 to 25 October 1922 (though with some conflicts in the Far East lasting until late 1923 and in Central Asia until 1934), was fought between numerous factions, the two largest being the Bolsheviks (The "Reds") and the White Movement (The "Whites"). While the Bolsheviks were centralized under the administration of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), led by Vladimir Lenin, along with their various  satellite and  buffer states, the White Movement was more decentralized, functioning as a loose confederation of anti-Bolshevik forces united only in opposition to their common enemy - though from September 1918 to April 1920, the White Armies were nominally united under the administration of the  Russian State, when, for nearly two years, Admiral Alexander Kolchak served as the overall head of the White Movement and as the  internationally recognized Head of State of Russia. In addition to the two primary factions, the war also involved a number of third parties, including the anarchists of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, and the non-ideological Green Armies.

Unlike the Bolsheviks and the White Movement, the various third-party factions which took part in the conflict did not form a united front and often fought against each other as much as they fought against the larger belligerents, occasionally forming alliances when convenient, and breaking them almost as often. For instance, the Black Army fought alongside the Bolsheviks against the forces of Anton Denikin in South Russia, while the members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party frequently cooperated with the White Army. A number of foreign nations also intervened against the Bolsheviks for various reasons, including the principal Allied Powers of World War I (in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War), and their German (in Ober Ost) and Austro-Hungarian opponents. In addition, a number of independence movements took the opportunity to break free from Russian control in the aftermath of the collapse of the Russian Empire, primarily fighting against the Bolsheviks, as well as against the White armies on occasion.

Russian SFSR
Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets Lev Kamenev  Yakov Sverdlov #  Mikhail Vladimirsky  Mikhail Kalinin

Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Lenin

All-Russian Extraordinary Commission Felix Dzerzhinsky  Yakov Peters

Red Army Leon Trotsky (People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs) High Command:  Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko  Nikolai Podvoisky  Pavel Dybenko  Nikolai Krylenko  Jukums Vācietis  Sergey Kamenev  Alexander Svechin  Mikhail Bonch-Bruyevich  Nikolay Rattel Navy:  Vasili Altfater #  Yevgeny Berens  Aleksandr Nemits  Eduard Pantserzhanskiy  Fyodor Raskolnikov  Alexey Schastny Air Service:  Konstantin Akashev 1st Cavalry Army:  Semyon Budyonny  Alexander Yegorov  Kliment Voroshilov  Iosif Apanasenko  Grigory Kulik  Alexander Parkhomenko  Boris Dumenko  Konstantin Trunov  Aleksa Dundić  Semyon Timoshenko  Ivan Tyulenev  Jefim Szczadienko 2nd Cavalry Army:  Oka Gorodovikov  Filipp Mironov  Aleksandr Borczaninow Western Army:  Andrei Snesarev  Alexander Novikov  Vasily Glagolev  Nikolai Sollogub  Alexander Kuk  Yevgeny Shilovsky Latvian Riflemen:  Pēteris Stučka  Frīdrihs Kalniņš  Jānis Lācis  Reinholds Bērziņš  Antons Martusēvičs  Kirill Stutzka  Gustavs Mangulis  Eduard Berzin  Jānis Judiņš Red Cossacks:  Vitaly Primakov Eastern Front:  Mikhail Muravyov  Mikhail Tukhachevsky  Alexander Samoylo  Vladimir Olderogge  Rudolf Sivers  Sergey Lazo  Yakov Tryapitsyn  Pavel Lebedev  Hayk Bzhishkyan  Vasily Chapayev  Ivan Kutyakov  Yakov Korotayev  Sergei Mezheninov  Yan Gamarnik  Ivar Smilga  Ivan Smirnov  Sergey Gusev  Filipp Goloshchekin  Mikhail Alafuso  Ivan Strod  Pavel Khokhryakov  Mullanur Waxitov Southern Front:  Joseph Stalin  Mikhail Levandovsky  Vladimir Yegoryev  Vladimir Gittis  Vladimir Azin  Pavel Sytin  Pēteris Slavens #  Vladimir Selivachyov #  Semyon Pugachov  Fyodor Podtelkov  Iona Yakir  Ivan Fedko  Dmitry Zhloba  Nikolay Kuibyshev  Mikhail Lashevich  Béla Kun Caucasus Front:  Sergo Ordzhonikidze  Stepan Shaumian  Grigory Korganov  Ivan Sorokin  Alexei Avtonomov #  Anatoliy Gekker  Valentin Trifonov  Mikhail Velikanov  Filipp Makharadze  Sergei Kirov  Nariman Narimanov Northern Front:  Dmitry Nadyozhny  August Kork  Dmitri Parsky #  Semyon Nakhimson  Yuri Guzarsky Ukrainian Front:  Nikolay Shchors  Ivan Dubovoy  Stanislav Kosior  Grigory Kotovsky  Nikolai Krivoruchko  Anton Słucki  Boris Shaposhnikov Central Asian Front:  Mikhail Frunze  Grigori Sokolnikov  Vasily Shorin  Pyotr Kobozev  Ivan Belov  Alibi Dzhangildin  Amankeldı İmanov  Fyodor Kolesov  Shalva Eliava  Fayzulla Khodzhayev

Far Eastern Republic
Alexander Krasnoshchyokov Nikolay Matveyev  Genrich Eiche  Vasily Blyukher  Konstantin Avksentevsky  Ieronim Uborevich  Stepan Vostretsov  Yakiv Pokus

Ukrainian SSR
Yukhym Medvedev Volodymyr Zatonsky  Grigory Petrovsky  Georgy Pyatakov  Serafima Hopner  Emanuel Kviring  Yevgenia Bosch  Mykola Skrypnyk  Christian Rakovsky  Vasyl Shakhrai  Yuriy Kotsiubynsky  Fyodor Sergeyev

Byelorussian SSR
Vilhelm Knorin Alexander Chervyakov

Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
Kullervo Manner Yrjö Sirola  Ali Aaltonen  Eero Haapalainen  Evert Eloranta  Adolf Taimi  Eino Rahja  August Wesley  Mikhail Svechnikov  Georgy Bulatsel

Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
Damdin Sükhbaatar Soliin Danzan  Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj  Dambyn Chagdarjav  Dogsomyn Bodoo  Khorloogiin Choibalsan  Dansranbilegiin Dogsom  Darizavyn Losol  Rinchingiin Elbegdorj

Russian Republic
🇷🇺 Alexander Kerensky 🇷🇺 Viktor Chernov 🇷🇺 Nikolai Avksentiev 🇷🇺 Aleksandr Verkhovsky

Russian State
Alexander Kolchak (Supreme Ruler of Russia) 🇷🇺 Pyotr Vologodsky 🇷🇺 Viktor Pepelyayev 🇷🇺 Mikhail Smirnov 🇷🇺 Vasily Boldyrev Northwestern Army: 🇷🇺 Nikolai Yudenich (Commander-in-Chief) 🇷🇺 Anton Dzerozhinsky 🇷🇺 Alexander Rodzyanko 🇷🇺 Peter von Glasenapp 🇷🇺 Alexei Vandam 🇷🇺 Fyodor Keller 🇷🇺 Anatol von Lieven 🇷🇺 Pavel Bermondt-Avalov 🇷🇺 Aleksandr Dolgorukov Northern Army: 🇷🇺 Yevgeny Miller (Commander-in-Chief) 🇷🇺 Vladimir Marushevsky 🇷🇺 Mikhail Kvetsinsky 🇷🇺 Nikolai Tchaikovsky Arctic Ocean Flotilla: Leonid Ivanov  Boris Vilkitsky Armed Forces of South Russia: 🇷🇺 Anton Denikin (Commander-in-Chief) 🇷🇺 Vladimir May-Mayevsky # 🇷🇺 Nikołaj Timanowski # 🇷🇺 Ivan Romanovsky 🇷🇺 Alexander Lukomsky 🇷🇺 Dmitry Shcherbachev 🇷🇺 Mikhail Drozdovsky 🇷🇺 Nikolai Tretyakov 🇷🇺 Ignatiy Vasilchenko 🇷🇺 Viktor Betling # 🇷🇺 Mikhail Rodzianko 🇷🇺 Nikołaj Bredow 🇷🇺 Abram Dragomirov 🇷🇺 Vladimir Dragomirov 🇷🇺 Vasily Flug 🇷🇺 Konstantin Prisovskiy 🇷🇺 Alexander Golubintzev 🇷🇺 Yakov Yuzefovich 🇷🇺 Pavel Chatilov 🇷🇺 Viktor Pokrovsky Black Sea Flotilla:  Vasily Kanin  Mikhail Sablin #  Dmitry Nenyukov  Andrei Pokrovsky  Nikolay Maksimov Turkestan Army: 🇷🇺 Ippolit Savitsky 🇷🇺 Boris Kazanovich 🇷🇺 Konstantin Osipov 🇷🇺 Konstantin Monstrov Army of Wrangel: 🇷🇺 Pyotr Wrangel (Commander-in-Chief) 🇷🇺 Alexander Krivoshein 🇷🇺 Vladimir Vitkovsky 🇷🇺 Alexander Kutepov 🇷🇺 Petr Makhrov 🇷🇺 Ivan Barbovich 🇷🇺 Alexander Borovsky 🇷🇺 Mikhail Fostikov 🇷🇺 Nikolai Shilling Wrangel's Fleet:  Mikhail Kedrov People's Army of Komuch: 🇷🇺 Vladimir Kappel # 🇷🇺 Andrei Bakich 🇷🇺 Konstantin Nechaev 🇷🇺 Sergey Lyupov Siberian Army: 🇷🇺 Aleksey Grishin-Almazov 🇷🇺 Pavel Ivanov-Rinov 🇷🇺 Alexey Matkovsky 🇷🇺 Vladimir Gulidov 🇷🇺 Boris Annenkov 🇷🇺 Konstantin Sakharov 🇷🇺 Mikhail Pleshkov Ural Army: 🇷🇺 Matvey Martynov 🇷🇺 Vladimir Akutin 🇷🇺 Nikolay Saveliev 🇷🇺 Vladimir Tolstov Orenburg Independent Army: 🇷🇺 Alexander Dutov 🇷🇺 Ivan Akulinin Amur Front: 🇷🇺 Ivan Kalmykov Women's Battalion: 🇷🇺 Maria Bochkareva Siberian Flotilla:  Sergey Timirev  Mikhail Berens  Georgy Stark

Volunteer Army
🇷🇺 Lavr Kornilov (Commander-in-Chief) 🇷🇺 Mikhail Alekseyev # 🇷🇺 Sergey Markov 🇷🇺 Dmitri Miontxinski 🇷🇺 Mitrofan Nejentsev 🇷🇺 Vasily Simanovsky

Don Army District
🇷🇺 Alexey Kaledin 🇷🇺 Anatoly Nazarov 🇷🇺 Vasily Tchernetzov

Don Republic
Pyotr Krasnov Afrikan Bogaevsky Great Don Army:  Svyatoslav Denisov  Vladimir Sidorin  Pyotr Popov  Ivan Popov  Konstantin Mamontov #  Alexander Fitzchelaurov  Fyodor Kryukov #  Emmanuel Semiletov #  Georgiy Kargalskov  Aleksandr Moller  Mikhail Bazavov  Mikhail Khripunov  Isaak Bykadorov  Konstantin Sychev

Kuban People's Republic
Alexander Filimonov Nikolay Bukretov Kuban Army:  Andrei Shkuro 🇷🇺 Yakov Slashchov 🇷🇺 Sergei Ulagay

Far Eastern Army
🇷🇺 Grigory Semyonov (Commander-in-Chief) 🇷🇺 Sergey Rozanov 🇷🇺 Boris Khreschatitsky 🇷🇺 Nikolai Lokhvitsky 🇷🇺 Grigory Verzhbitsky 🇷🇺 Konstantin Akintievsky 🇷🇺 Dmitry Semyonov 🇷🇺 Anatoly Pepelyayev 🇷🇺 Lev Vlasyevskiy 🇷🇺 Mikhail Pleshkov 🇷🇺 Georgy Matsievsky 🇷🇺 Mikhail Korobeinikov Asiatic Cavalry Division: 🇷🇺 Roman Ungern-Sternberg 🇷🇺 Boris Rezukhin

Provisional Priamurye Government
🇷🇺 Mikhail Diterikhs - (Commander-in-Chief) 🇷🇺 Nikolai Merkulov - Foreign Minister 🇷🇺 Spiridon Merkulov - Chairman 🇷🇺 Viktorin Molchanov - Army General 🇷🇺 Innokentiy Smolin 🇷🇺 Faddey Glebov 🇷🇺 Pyotr Blokhin

Czechoslovak Legion
Sergei Wojciechowski Radola Gajda  Jan Syrový  Stanislav Čeček  Vladimir Shokorov

Alash Autonomy
Alikhan Bukeikhanov

Turkestan Autonomy
Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev Mustafa Shokay

Insurgent Army
Nestor Makhno Semen Karetnyk  Fedir Shchus  Dmitry Popov  Maria Nikiforova  Viktor Bilash  Lev Zadov  Ivan Markov  Iuda Grossman  Oleksiy Chubenko

Green Army
Nykyfor Hryhoriv Danylo Terpylo  Pjotr Tokmakov  Alexander Antonov  Dmitry Antonov  Ivan Kolesov  Efim Mamontov  Mikhail Kozyr  Konstantin Voskoboinik

Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Vladimir Volsky Nikolai Avksentiev  Viktor Chernov  Fyodor Funtikov  Vladimir Zenzinov  Andrei Argunov  Piotr Derber  Yevgeny Rogovskiy  Boris Savinkov  Boris Donskoy

Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Maria Spiridonova Yakov Blumkin  Boris Kamkov  Mark Natanson #  Dmitry Ivanovich Popov  Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov  Prosh Proshian #

Kronstadt Uprising
Stepan Petrichenko Alexander Kozlovsky  Pavel Vilken

Polish Republic
🇵🇱 Józef Piłsudski 🇵🇱 Ignacy Jan Paderewski Polish Army: 🇵🇱 Edward Rydz-Śmigły 🇵🇱 Lucjan Żeligowski 🇵🇱 Leonard Skierski 🇵🇱 Władysław Sikorski 🇵🇱 Jordan-Rozwadowski 🇵🇱 Franciszek Latinik 🇵🇱 Bolesław Roja Blue Army: 🇵🇱 Józef Haller

Kingdom of Finland
C.G.E. Mannerheim Pehr Evind Svinhufvud  Karl Fredrik Wilkama  Hannes Ignatius  Ernst Linder  Ernst Löfström  Martin Wetzer  Hjalmar Frisell  Hans Kalm

Latvia
🇱🇻 Jānis Čakste 🇱🇻 Kārlis Ulmanis 🇱🇻 Oskars Kalpaks 🇱🇻 Jānis Balodis

Estonia
🇪🇪 Konstantin Päts 🇪🇪 Andres Larka 🇪🇪 Johan Laidoner 🇪🇪 Ernst Põdder

Lithuania
🇱🇹 Antanas Smetona 🇱🇹 Aleksandras Stulginskis 🇱🇹 Silvestras Žukauskas

Belarusian People's Republic
Jan Sierada Pyotra Krecheuski  Jazep Losik  Vaclau Lastouski  Kyprian Kandratovich  Kastuś Jezavitaŭ  Anton Luckievich  Alés Harun #  Francišak Kušal  Paval Zhauryd  Bułak-Bałachowicz

Crimean People's Republic
Noman Çelebicihan Cafer Qırımer

Democratic Republic of Georgia
Noe Ramishvili Noe Zhordania  Giorgi Kvinitadze  Nikolay Chkheidze  Giorgi Mazniashvili

Democratic Republic of Armenia
🇦🇲 Aram Manukian # 🇦🇲 Hovhannes Kajaznuni 🇦🇲 Alexander Khatisian 🇦🇲 Hamo Ohanjanyan 🇦🇲 Simon Vratsian 🇦🇲 Tovmas Nazarbekian 🇦🇲 Andranik Ozanian 🇦🇲 Garegin Nzhdeh 🇦🇲 Drastamat Kanayan 🇦🇲 Movses Silikyan

Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh Fatali Khan Khoyski  Nasib Yusifbeyli  Mammad Hasan Hajinski  Khosrow Sultanov  Samad Mehmandarov

Ukrainian People's Republic
Central Council of Ukraine: 🇺🇦 Mykhailo Hrushevsky Directorate of Ukraine: 🇺🇦 Volodymyr Vynnychenko 🇺🇦 Symon Petliura Ukrainian Army: 🇺🇦 Mykola Porsh 🇺🇦 Ivan Nemolovsky 🇺🇦 Oleksandr Zhukovsky 🇺🇦 Petro Bolbochan 🇺🇦 Zurab Natiev 🇺🇦 Oleksander Hrekov 🇺🇦 Vsevolod Petriv 🇺🇦 Yevhen Konovalets 🇺🇦 Mykola Yunakiv 🇺🇦 Volodymyr Salsky 🇺🇦 Oleksandr Udovychenko 🇺🇦 Mykola Kapustiansky 🇺🇦 Sergei Delwig 🇺🇦 Iwan Omelianowicz-Pawlenko 🇺🇦 Yuriy Tyutyunnyk 🇺🇦 Vasyl Tyutyunnyk # Galician Army: 🇺🇦 Myron Tarnavsky 🇺🇦 Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko 🇺🇦 Osip Mikitka 🇺🇦 Dmytro Vitovsky 🇺🇦 Antin Kraws 🇺🇦 Archduke Wilhelm Ukrainian Navy: Sviatoslav Shramchenko  Wołodymyr Sawczenko-Bilski  Mikhail Belinsky Far Eastern Ukrainian Army:  Yuri Hlushko-Mova

Ukrainian State
🇺🇦 Pavlo Skoropadskyi 🇺🇦 Alexander Ragoza

Emirate of Bukhara
Mohammed Alim Khan

Khanate of Khiva
Isfandiyar Khan Sayid Abdullah  Junaid Khan

Basmachi Movement
Enver Pasha Selim Pasha  Ibrahim Bek  Muhiddinbek  Mandamin Bek  Irgash Bey  Faizal Maksum

Mongolia
Bogd Khan

United States
🇺🇸 William S. Graves 🇺🇸 George E. Stewart 🇺🇸 Robert L. Eichelberger

British Empire
🇬🇧 Edmund Ironside 🇬🇧 Alfred Knox 🇬🇧 Frederick Poole 🇬🇧 Wilfrid Malleson 🇬🇧 Frederick Bailey 🇬🇧 Lionel Dunsterville James H. Elmsley

France
🇫🇷 Maurice Janin 🇫🇷 Louis d'Espèrey 🇫🇷 Henri Berthelot 🇫🇷 Philippe d'Anselme

Empire of Japan
🇯🇵 Otani Kikuzo 🇯🇵 Yui Mitsue

Greece
Konstantinos Nider

Romania
Ernest Broșteanu

German Empire
Paul von Hindenburg Erich Ludendorff  Max Hoffmann  Rüdiger von der Goltz  Hermann von Eichhorn  Robert Kosch  Friedrich von Kressenstein  Alfred Fletcher  Josef Bischoff  Walter von Eberhardt

Austria-Hungary
Conrad von Hötzendorf A. A. von Straußenburg

Ottoman Empire
Nuri Pasha Mürsel Bey  Kâzım Karabekir  Cevat Çobanlı  Muzaffer Kılıç