Lebrija River

Lebrija River is a river of northern Colombia. It originates in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes in Piedecuesta and flows through the northern part of the department of Santander into the Magdalena River in Puerto Wilches.

Etymology
The Lebrija River is named after Antonio de Lebrija, the conquistador who discovered the river in 1529.

Description
The Lebrija River originates at an altitude of 2532 m in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes to the northeast of Piedecuesta, Santander. The Lebrija River, a confluence of the Suratá River and the Río de Oro, flows northward through the municipalities Girón, capital of Santander Bucaramanga, Lebrija and Sabana de Torres to flow into the Magdalena River near the Loma de Corredor, Puerto Wilches, Santander at an altitude of 41.1 m. In the lower course of the river, it forms the natural boundary between Santander and Cesar, close to the border with Bolívar. About 100 km of the river, with a total basin size of 8790 km2, is navegable.

Geology
The type locality of the Girón Formation was identified along the Lebrija River in 1954. At this type section, a total thickness of 4650 m of the formation was registered in 1968. The type locality of the 1 km thick La Paz Formation is also located near the river.

Climate
The heavy rains over the capital district of Santander, the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, have caused mortality of fish in the Lebrija River. The Lebrija River transports an average of 4739000000 m3 of water per year. The maximum discharge at the San Rafael station has been registered in December with 706 m3/s and the minimum in January with 55.1 m3/s. The higher basin of Lebrija Alto has between 66 and 2065 mm of precipitation per year in a bimodal pattern. The rainy seasons are March to May and September to November with drier periods from December to February and June to August. The temperature ranges from 0 and 35 C, the relative humidity reached 81% and the hours of sunshine vary between 1472 and 1913.

Flora and fauna


Many species of flora and fauna have been registered in the Lebrija River basin. A total number of 761 species of which 172 birds, 77 insects, 124 mammals, 104 fish and 284 plant species have been noted at Rionegro, Santander. The Cerulean Warbler Bird Reserve is close to the Lebrija River in Bucaramanga.

Flora
The following species and genera are noted in the upper part of the Lebrija River: Ocotea sp., Miconia sp., Guarea grandifolia, Hedyosmum bomplandianum, Guateria sp., Protium sp., Ochroma sp., Piper sp., Trema micrantha, Vismia baccifera, Urera caracasana, Cecropia sp. and Croton leptostachis.

Mammals
The following mammals have been registered in the upper and central Lebrija River basins:

Amphibians and reptiles
The following species have been registered in the central Lebrija River basin:

Birds
The following species have been registered in the central Lebrija River basin:

Fish
The following species have been registered in the central Lebrija River basin:

Trivia

 * In 1898, Princess Theresa of Bavaria made the first reported finding of an egg of the Magdalena River turtle (Podocnemis lewyana) near the Lebrija River