Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté

Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (in English: Intellectuals for Sovereignty), or IPSO, is a group of intellectuals studying and promoting Quebec independence.

It was created on June 21, 1995 by the publication of their manifesto, four months before the second referendum on Quebec sovereignty took place. Among its founding members were politician and constitutional law professor Daniel Turp, Michel Seymour, Jacques-Yvan Morin, Kai Nielsen and others.

IPSO promotes Quebec sovereignty through the publication of works, organization of events (debates, conferences, protests) and participation in political activities. It was part of the Partenaires pour la souveraineté coalition.

Presidents
The IPSO presidency is renewed every year. Since the association was founded, many public intellectuals from Quebec's academic community have assumed this responsibility: