Less is more

Less is more is a principle found in several religious traditions. Its use in architecture emerges from the idea that simplicity and clarity lead to good design. The concept is often associated with the modernism movement in architecture and design, although it can be applied to many fields, including art, literature, music, and lifestyle.

Origin of the term
"Less is more" can refer to architecture, art, design, writing, or philosophy. The concept dates back at least to the ancient Greeks: Chilon of Sparta made use of the famous Ancient Greek proverb: "Το λακωνίζειν εστί φιλοσοφείν", which may be translated as "less is more". Robert Browning's 1855 dramatic monologue, Andrea del Sarto (poem) (subtitled "Called the 'Faultless Painter'") uses the phrase "less is more" in the mouth of the Renaissance painter. Pope Francis adopts the conviction that "less is more" in his 2015 encyclical letter, Laudato si', noting that it is "found in different religious traditions [including] the Bible".

In architecture, the expression is often erroneously attributed to the German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, a pioneer of modernism, who adapted this style in his architectural creations to emphasize beauty in simplicity and functionality. However, the concept of minimalism pre-existed the use of this phrase. The Bauhaus movement in Germany, with figures such as Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier, also embraced similar ideas.

Philosophy
This principle is based on the idea that removing superfluous elements enhances the clarity of the concept. It emphasizes functionality, clean aesthetics and simplicity.

Design
In industrial and graphic design, Less is more manifests itself in minimalist forms, the use of few colors and the elimination of superfluous details. Minimalism in graphic design uses negative space, limited color palettes and simple typography to create visual impact. In industrial design, it translates into products that are both aesthetically pleasing and highly functional, often with fewer components and a more efficient use of materials.

Architecture
In architecture, this concept translates into streamlined structures, rational use of space and careful attention to layout and materials. Modern architecture saw an evolution of this concept, with architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, who, while taking a different approach, also advocated simplicity and integration with the environment.

Influence on other fields
The principle has influenced various fields such as fashion, art, music and even the minimalist lifestyle.

Criticism
Although widely admired, the concept has also been criticized for its sometimes overly rigid approach and lack of warmth or personality in certain designs.

Modern interpretations
Today, the term is often interpreted more broadly to include ideas such as efficiency, clarity in communication and the importance of the essentials in everyday life choices.

Evolution and sustainability
More recently, the principle of Less is More has been integrated into the concepts of sustainability and eco-design, promoting the use of recycled materials and environmentally-friendly production.