Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103

Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 1103 was a Boeing 727-200 with 14 crew members — 5 of them were relief crew — and 147 passengers on board that collided with a LARAF Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23UB on 22 December 1992. All 159 people on board flight 1103 were killed, while the crew of the MiG-23 ejected and survived. It was the deadliest aviation disaster to occur in Libya at the time.

Crash
On 22 December 1992, Flight 1103 took off from Benina International Airport near Benghazi on a domestic flight to Tripoli International Airport under the command of 41-year-old Captain Ali al-Faqee, he had accumulated 10,933 flight hours with 9,223 of them on the Boeing 727; the first officer, 32-year-old Mahmoud Eissa, had a total of 1,820 flight hours, 478 of them were on the B727;  and 36-year-old Flight Engineer Salem Abu-Sitta had a little over 2,399 flight hours, all of which were on the B727.

At an altitude of 3161 ft above sea level, during the Boeing 727's approach to Tripoli airport, the aircraft’s tail collided with a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23’s right wing and disintegrated, resulting in the deaths of all 159 passengers and crew. The two crew members of the MiG-23, Major Abdul-Majid al-Tayari (38); and Lieutenant Colonel Ahmed Abu-Sneina (32),  ejected before impact and survived.

Investigation and aftermath
The official explanation and air accident investigation report both blamed a collision with a Libyan Air Force MiG-23; the pilot and instructor of the MiG were imprisoned.

After the crash, a spokesman for the Libyan Civil Authority stated he had been forbidden from releasing any information about the crash, including which planes had been involved. A mass grave was prepared for the victims outside of Tripoli with poor international relations denying the bodies of international victims being returned to their families.

Twenty years later, after the fall and death of Muammar Gaddafi, Major al-Tayari, the instructor in the MiG-23 aircraft, challenged the official version of events, claiming that Flight 1103 was deliberately destroyed, because he saw its tail falling before his aircraft suffered a strong impact (from either the shock wave of the explosion that destroyed the Boeing 727 or a piece of wreckage) and he was forced to eject from his aircraft along with his trainee, Lieutenant Colonel Abu-Sneina. In a statement al-Tayari claims there was no air collision, but conceded that the planes were too close to one another.

Ali Aujali, who served as a Libyan diplomat both under Gaddafi and under the National Transitional Council, claims that Gaddafi ordered that the Boeing 727, whose flight was assigned the number 1103, be shot down exactly four years to the day after the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 in order to demonstrate the negative effects of international sanctions imposed on Libya. According to Aujali, the dictator originally ordered a bomb with a timer to be in the aircraft, but when this failed to explode, he "ordered the [aircraft] to be knocked out of the sky". The widow of one British victim has claimed Libyan families of victims had asked if she had tested her husband's passports for explosive residue.

Memorials
The first memorial for the crash was held near Tripoli, Libya in 2012. The ceremony was attended by families and friends of the victims, and politicians.