List of Ayyubid rulers

The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.

Sultans of Egypt
See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.

Sultans and Emirs of Damascus
See Rulers of Damascus.


 * Saladin, 1174–1193
 * Al-Afdal, son of Saladin, 1193–1196
 * Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1196–1218
 * Al-Mu'azzam (Sharaf al-Din) Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227
 * An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229
 * Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237
 * As-Salih Ismail, son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238
 * Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1238
 * Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II (al-Adil II), son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239
 * As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1239
 * As-Salih Ismail (second rule), 1239–1245
 * As-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249
 * Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
 * An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Aleppo
See Rulers of Aleppo.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Baalbek
See Baalbek, Middle Ages.


 * Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (non-dynastic, former governor of Damascus), appointed by Saladin, 1175–1178
 * Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1178–1179
 * Farrukh Shah, nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182
 * Bahram Shah, son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230
 * Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237
 * As-Salih Ismail, brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246
 * Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi (non-dynastic, appointed by as-Salih Ayyub), 1246–1249
 * Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
 * An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Hama
See Hama, Muslim Rule.


 * Al-Muzaffar I Umar, son of Nur ad-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin), 1178–1191
 * Al-Mansur I Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221
 * Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229
 * Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244
 * Al-Mansur II Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284
 * [Vassals to Mamluk sultans after 1260]
 * Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud, son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299
 * [Ruled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, 1299–1310]
 * Abu al-Fida, son of Malik ul-Afdal (brother of al-Mansur II Muhammad), 1310–1332
 * Al-Afdal Muhammad, son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341.

Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

Emirs of Homs
See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.


 * Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, son of Shirkuh (uncle of Saladin), 1178–1186
 * Al-Mujahid Shirkuh, son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240
 * Al-Mansur Ibrahim, son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246
 * Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 (Homs), 1248–1260 (Tell Bashir)
 * An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260
 * Al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263.

Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.

Emirs of Hisn Kaifa
See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.


 * As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239
 * Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249
 * Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294
 * Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325
 * Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328
 * Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367)
 * Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378
 * Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424)
 * Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433
 * Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452
 * Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455
 * Adil Khalif, 1455–1462
 * Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511
 * Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514
 * Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520
 * Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521
 * Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524.

Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.

Emirs of al-Karak
Also referred to as governors of Transjordan. See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.


 * Saladin, 1188
 * Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188-1193
 * Al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227
 * An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1229–1249
 * Al-Mughith 'Umar, son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263.

Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.

Emirs of Al-Jazirah
See Upper Mesopotamia & Al-Jazirah.


 * Saladin, 1185–1193
 * Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200
 * Al-Awhad Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210
 * Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220
 * Al-Muzaffar Ghazi, son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244
 * Al-Kamil (II) Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260.

Taken by Mongols in 1260.

Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz
See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.


 * Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
 * Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
 * Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
 * An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
 * Al-Muzaffar Sulayman, son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215
 * Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.

Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.

Emirs of Banyas
See Banyas.


 * Al-Aziz 'Uthman, son of al-Adil I 1218–1232.
 * Al-Zahir Ghazi, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1232.
 * Al-Sa'id Hasan, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1247.
 * As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil (dependency of Egypt) 1247–1249.
 * An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad (dependency of Damascus) 1250-?.
 * Al-Sa'id Hasan b. al-'Aziz (second reign;  d. 658) 1260–1260.