List of Betula species

Subgenera of genus Betula (birch), are;

Subgenus Betulenta - Wintergreen oil birches
Bark on twigs rich in methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Female catkins erect.
 * Diploid (2n = 28).
 * Betula lenta - Sweet birch or cherry birch
 * Betula lenta subsp. uber - Cherry Creek birch
 * Hexaploid (6n = 84).
 * Betula allegheniensis - Yellow birch (B. lutea)
 * Decaploid (10n = 140).
 * Betula austrosinensis - South China birch
 * Betula globispica -
 * Betula insignis -
 * Betula medwediewii - Caucasian birch
 * Duodecaploid (12n = 168).
 * Betula megrelica -
 * chromosome number not reported
 * Betula corylifolia - Hazel-leaf birch
 * Betula grossa - Japanese cherry birch
 * Betula insignis -

Subgenus Betulaster - Large-leaf birches
Bark on twigs contains some methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.
 * Betula alnoides - Alder-leaf birch
 * Betula alnoides subsp. luminifera -
 * Betula maximowicziana - Monarch birch

Subgenus Neurobetula - Costate birches
Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins erect.
 * Diploid (2n = 28).
 * Betula calcicola -
 * Betula chichibuensis -
 * Betula costata - Korean birch
 * Betula nigra - River birch or black birch
 * Betula potaninii - Potanin's birch
 * Tetraploid (4n = 56).
 * Betula albosinensis - Chinese red birch
 * Betula albosinensis var. septentrionalis - North Chinese red birch
 * Betula ermanii - Erman's birch
 * Betula jacquemontii (B. utilis subsp. jacquemontii) - White-barked Himalayan birch
 * Betula utilis - Himalayan birch
 * Hexaploid (6n = 84).
 * Betula dahurica - Dahurian birch
 * Betula delavayi - Delavay's birch
 * Betula raddeana - Radde's birch
 * Octoploid (8n = 112).
 * Betula chinensis - Chinese birch
 * chromosome number not reported
 * Betula fargesii - Farges's birch
 * Betula schmidtii - Schmidt's birch
 * chromosome number unknown
 * Betula leopoldae

Subgenus Betula - Typical birches
Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.
 * Diploid (2n = 28).
 * Betula cordifolia - Heart-leaf birch or mountain paper birch
 * Betula pendula - Silver birch
 * Betula mandschurica - Manchurian birch
 * Betula mandschurica var. japonica - Japanese birch
 * Betula neoalaskana - Alaska birch or Yukon birch
 * Betula occidentalis - Water birch or red birch (B. fontinalis)
 * Betula platyphylla (Betula pendula var. platyphylla) - Siberian silver birch
 * Betula populifolia - Gray birch
 * Betula szechuanica (Betula pendula var. szechuanica) - Sichuan birch
 * Tetraploid (4n = 56).
 * Betula celtiberica - Iberian white birch
 * Betula pubescens - White birch, European white birch or downy birch
 * Betula pubescens subsp. tortuosa - Arctic white birch
 * Pentaploid (5n = 70).
 * Betula kenaica - Kenai birch
 * Hexaploid (6n = 84).
 * Betula papyrifera - Paper birch, canoe birch or American white birch (sometimes tetraploid or pentaploid)

Subgenus Chamaebetula - Dwarf birches
Small shrubs with small rounded leaves. Female catkins pendulous.
 * Diploid (2n = 28).
 * Betula glandulosa (B. nana subsp. glandulosa) - American dwarf birch
 * Betula nana - Dwarf birch
 * Tetraploid (4n = 56).
 * Betula minor - Quebec dwarf birch
 * Betula pumila - Swamp birch
 * chromosome number not reported
 * Betula fruticosa -
 * Betula gmelinii -
 * Betula hallii - Cascades dwarf birch
 * Betula humilis - Arctic dwarf birch
 * Betula michauxii - Newfoundland dwarf birch
 * Betula microphylla -
 * Betula middendorffii -