List of Byzantine scholars

This is a list of Byzantine scientists and other scholars.

Before the 9th century
Most important scholars known before the Macedonian Renaissance were active under the Justinian dynasty.


 * Theon of Alexandria (335–405), mathematician
 * Hypatia (370–415), mathematician, astronomer, philosopher
 * Anthemius of Tralles (c. 474–before 558), mathematician and architect of Hagia Sophia
 * Eutocius of Ascalon (c. 480–c. 540), mathematician
 * John Philoponus (490–570), mathematician, physicist, theologian
 * Isidore of Miletus (6th century), mathematicist, physicist and architect of Hagia Sophia
 * Cassianus Bassus (6th–7th century), author of Geoponika
 * Leontios (died 706), emperor, astronomer, mathematician and engineer
 * George of Pisidia (6th–7th century), scholar, zoologist and astronomer
 * Timotheos of Gaza (6th–7th century), zoologist
 * Stephen of Byzantium (6th–7th century), geographer
 * Paul of Aegina (7th century), physician
 * Callinicus of Heliopolis (7th century), architect; invented the Greek fire
 * Stephen of Alexandria (7th century), mathematician and astronomer
 * Theophilus Protospatharius (7th century), physician

The Macedonian Renaissance
The Macedonian Renaissance occurred in the period of the Macedonian dynasty from 867 to 1056.


 * Leo the Mathematician (c. 790–after 869)
 * Georgios Monachos (9th century)
 * Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Greek philosophy
 * Saint Cyril the Philosopher (826 or 827–869)
 * Constantine VII (reigned 913–959)
 * Michael Psellus (1018–1078)
 * Michael Attaliates (11th century)
 * Symeon Seth (11th century)
 * Leo VI (reigned 886–912)
 * Arethas of Caesarea (c. 860-aft. 932), Archbishop, theologian and Greek commentator

The Komnenian period and after
The Komnenian period ranged from 1081 to about 1185.


 * Anna Comnena (1083–1153)
 * Theodore Prodromos (c. 1100–c. 1165/70), author of prose and poetry
 * Eustathius of Thessalonica (c. 1115–1195/6)
 * Michael of Ephesus (early or mid-12th century), philosopher, physics
 * Michael Glykas (12th century), mathematician and astronomer
 * Joannes Zonaras (12th century), historian
 * John Kinnamos (12th century), historian
 * Niketas Choniates (c. 1155–1215 or 1216), historian
 * Nikephoros Blemmydes (1197–1272)

The Palaiologian Renaissance
The Palaiologian Renaissance was mostly contemporary with the Renaissance of the 12th century. The Palaiologos dynasty ruled from c. 1260 to 1453. A number of Greek scholars contributed to the establishment of this renaissance also in Western Europe.


 * Demetrios Pepagomenos (1200–1300), zoologist, botanologist and pharmacist
 * George Akropolites (1220–1282), astronomer
 * Gregory Chioniades (died 1302), mathematician and astronomer
 * Manuel Holobolos (1230–1305), scholar, teacher
 * George Pachymeres (1242–1310)
 * Manuel Moschopoulos (13th–beginning of the 14th century) grammarian
 * Constantinos Lykites (13th–14th century), astronomer
 * John Pediasimos (13th–14th century), mathematician
 * Nikephoros Choumnos (c. 1250/55–1327), scholar, meteorologist and physicist
 * Maximus Planudes (1260–c. 1305), grammarian and theologian,
 * Theodore Metochites (1270–1332), physician and mathematician
 * Barlaam of Seminara (c. 1290–1348), mathematician and astronomer
 * Nicephorus Gregoras (1295–1359/60), mathematician and astronomer
 * Demetrius Triclinius (before c. 1300), grammarian with knowledge of astronomy,
 * Thomas Magister (14th century), grammarian
 * Theodore of Melitene (1320–1393), astronomer
 * Isaac Argyros (1310–1372), mathematician and astronomer
 * John VI Kantakouzenos (reigned 1347–1355), historian
 * Manuel Chrysoloras (c. 1355–1415), translator, philosopher
 * Joannes Chortasmenos (1370–1437), scholar, mathematician and astronomer