List of Cyrillic multigraphs

The following multigraphs are used in the Cyrillic script. The palatalized consonants of Russian and other languages written as C-$⟨ь⟩$ are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in the languages of the Caucasus, there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants and long vowels; sequences with $⟨в⟩$, $⟨у⟩$, $⟨ә⟩$ for labialized consonants; and sequences with $⟨⟩$ or $⟨ъ⟩$ for ejective consonants or pharyngealized consonants and vowels. Tatar also has discontinuous digraphs. See Cyrillic digraphs for examples.

А
$⟨аа⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨аа⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨ан⟩$:
 * Dungan:

$⟨аь⟩$:
 * Chechen:
 * Ingush:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨а⟩$:
 * Archi:

В
$⟨вь⟩$:


 * Shughni:

Г
$⟨гв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨гг⟩$:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨гу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Kabardian:
 * Ossetian:
 * Also found in several other languages where $⟨у⟩$ is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

$⟨гў⟩$:
 * Aleut language (Bering dialect):

$⟨гъ⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Bezhta:
 * Crimean Tatar:
 * Dargwa:
 * Kabardian:
 * Karachay-Balkar:
 * Kumyk:
 * Lezgian:
 * Ossetian:
 * Tabasaran:
 * Tatar: word-final

$⟨гъв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨гъу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Kabardian:
 * Ossetian:

$⟨гъь⟩$:
 * Abaza:

$⟨гъ⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨гъв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨гь⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Abkhaz:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Bezhta:
 * Dargwa:
 * Kumyk:
 * Lezgian:
 * Shughni:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨гә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨г⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush:

$⟨гв⟩$:
 * Abaza:

Ӷ
$⟨ӷь⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨ӷә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

Д
$⟨дж⟩$
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aghul:
 * Belarusian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Crimean Tatar:
 * Dargwa:
 * Kabardian:
 * Karachay-Balkar: (Karachay);  (Balkar)
 * Komi:
 * Lezgian:
 * Ossetian:
 * Russian:
 * Tabasaran:
 * Ukrainian:

$⟨джв⟩$
 * Abaza:

$⟨джь⟩$
 * Abaza:

$⟨дз⟩$
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Belarusian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Dargwa:
 * Kabardian:
 * Komi:
 * Lezgian:
 * Ossetian:
 * Russian:
 * Shughni:
 * Tabasaran:
 * Ukrainian:

$⟨дзу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:

$⟨дч⟩$:
 * Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

$⟨дь⟩$:
 * Yakut:

$⟨дә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

Е
$⟨ее⟩$
 * Archi:

$⟨ее⟩$
 * Archi:

$⟨е⟩$
 * Archi:

Ё
$⟨ён⟩$:
 * Dungan:

$⟨ёь⟩$:
 * Chechen:

Ж
$⟨жв⟩$
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨жд⟩$:
 * Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced (palatalized to  before $⟨ь⟩$ and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ("rain") and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound  (devoiced to  in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation  in these words (unlike words with $⟨жж⟩$ or $⟨зж⟩$) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.

$⟨жж⟩$:
 * Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced . However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound (though this is becoming increasingly outdated).

$⟨жч⟩$:
 * Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

$⟨жъ⟩$:
 * Adyghe:

$⟨жъу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:

$⟨жь⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Abkhaz:
 * Adyghe:
 * Kabardian:

$⟨жә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

З
$⟨зв⟩$ :
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨зж⟩$
 * Russian: (regular) or  (conservative Moscow pronunciation) (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

$⟨зч⟩$:
 * Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

Ӡ
$⟨ӡә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

И
$⟨ии⟩$ :
 * Archi:

$⟨ии⟩$ :
 * Archi:

$⟨ий⟩$:
 * Chechen:
 * Mongolian:

$⟨и⟩$ :
 * Archi:

Й
$⟨йх⟩$:
 * Moksha:

К
$⟨кв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian: or
 * Khanty:

$⟨кк⟩$:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨ккв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨ккх⟩$:
 * Chechen:

$⟨ккъ⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨ккъ⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨ккъв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨ку⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Kabardian:
 * Ossetian: or
 * Also found in several other languages where $⟨у⟩$ is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

$⟨кх⟩$: $⟨кхъ⟩$
 * Chechen
 * Ingush
 * Kabardian:

$⟨кхъу⟩$
 * Kabardian:

$⟨къ⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Crimean Tatar:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush:
 * Kabardian:
 * Karachay-Balkar:
 * Kumyk: or
 * Lezgian:
 * Ossetian:
 * Tabasaran:
 * Tatar:

$⟨къв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨къу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Kabardian:
 * Ossetian:

$⟨къь⟩$:
 * Abaza:

$⟨къ⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨къв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨кь⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Abkhaz:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi: or
 * Avar:
 * Dargwa:
 * Lezgian:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨кьв⟩$:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨кә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨к⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe: or
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush or
 * Kabardian: or
 * Lezgian:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨кв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨кк⟩$:
 * Avar:

$⟨ку⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Kabardian:

$⟨кь⟩$:
 * Abaza:

$⟨кʼ⟩$:
 * Itelmen:
 * Nivkh:

Қ
$⟨қь⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨қә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

Ҟ
$⟨ҟь⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨ҟә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

Ӄ
$⟨ӄʼ⟩$:
 * Itelmen:
 * Nivkh:

Л
$⟨ллъ⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨ллъв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨лх⟩$:
 * Moksha:
 * Mongolian:

$⟨лъ⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Kabardian:

$⟨лъв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨лълъ⟩$:
 * Avar:

$⟨ль⟩$:
 * Abaza:

$⟨л⟩$ :
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Kabardian:

$⟨лв⟩$ :
 * Archi:

Н
$⟨нг⟩$: $⟨нг⟩$:
 * Karachay-Balkar:
 * Kumyk: or
 * Uzbek:

$⟨нъ⟩$:
 * Crimean Tatar:

$⟨нь⟩$:
 * Yakut:
 * In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for a word-final, equivalent to pinyin $⟨n⟩$.

Ң
$⟨ңв⟩$:


 * Khanty:

О
$⟨ов⟩$:
 * Chechen:
 * Ingush:

$⟨ое⟩$:
 * Selkup:

$⟨он⟩$:
 * Dungan

$⟨оо⟩$ :
 * Archi:
 * Shughni:

$⟨оо⟩$ :
 * Archi:

$⟨оь⟩$:
 * Chechen:
 * Kumyk:
 * Nogai:

$⟨о⟩$ :
 * Archi:

П
$⟨пп⟩$
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Chechen
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨пъ⟩$:
 * Ossetian:

$⟨п⟩$ :
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Chechen:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush
 * Kabardian:
 * Lezgian:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨пу⟩$ :
 * Adyghe:

$⟨пʼ⟩$:
 * Itelmen:
 * Nivkh:

Р
$⟨рх⟩$:
 * Moksha:

$⟨рх⟩$:
 * Chechen:
 * Ingush

С
$⟨св⟩$:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨сж⟩$:
 * Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

$⟨сс⟩$:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:

$⟨сщ⟩$:
 * Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

Т
$⟨тв⟩$ :
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian: or

$⟨тл⟩$ :
 * Abaza:

$⟨тт⟩$:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Chechen:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨тч⟩$:
 * Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

$⟨тш⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Komi:

$⟨тъ⟩$:
 * Ossetian:

$⟨тә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨т⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush
 * Kabardian:
 * Lezgian:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨тв⟩$ :
 * Lezgian:

$⟨ту⟩$:
 * Adyghe:

$⟨тʼ⟩$:
 * Itelmen:
 * Nivkh:

Ҭ
$⟨ҭә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

У
$⟨ув⟩$: $⟨уо⟩$:
 * Chechen:
 * Ingush:
 * Shughni:

$⟨уу⟩$ :
 * Archi:
 * Shughni:

$⟨уу⟩$ :
 * Archi:

$⟨уь⟩$:
 * Aghul:
 * Chechen:
 * Kumyk:
 * Lezgian:
 * Nogai:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨уьй⟩$:
 * Chechen:

$⟨у⟩$ :
 * Archi:

Ү
$⟨үй⟩$:
 * Turkmen: (until 1993, in that year the Turkmen alphabet became Latin)

Ф
$⟨фф⟩$:
 * Aghul:

$⟨ф⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Kabardian:

Х
$⟨хв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:
 * Khanty: or

$⟨ху⟩$:
 * Kabardian:
 * Ossetian:

$⟨хх⟩$:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:

$⟨ххв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨ххь⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨ххьв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨хъ⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Dargwa:
 * Kabardian:
 * Lezgian:
 * Ossetian:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨хъв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨хъу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Kabardian:
 * Ossetian:

$⟨хъ⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨хъв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨хь⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Abkhaz:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aghul:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush:
 * Kabardian:
 * Lezgian:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨хьв⟩$:
 * Lezgian:

$⟨хьхь⟩$:
 * Aghul:
 * Avar:

$⟨хь⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨хьв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨хә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨х⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush

$⟨хв⟩$:
 * Abaza:

Ҳ
$⟨ҳә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

Ц
$⟨цв⟩$ :
 * Archi:
 * Lezgian: or

$⟨цз⟩$:
 * In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for and, equivalent to pinyin $⟨z⟩$ and, before an iotated vowel, $⟨j⟩$.

$⟨цу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:

$⟨цц⟩$:
 * Aghul:
 * Avar:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨цц⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨цъ⟩$:
 * Ossetian:

$⟨цә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨ц⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush
 * Kabardian:
 * Lezgian:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨цв⟩$ :
 * Lezgian:

$⟨цц⟩$:
 * Avar:

Ҵ
$⟨ҵә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

Ч
$⟨чв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨чж⟩$:
 * In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for, equivalent to pinyin $⟨zh⟩$.

$⟨чч⟩$:
 * Aghul:
 * Avar:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨чъ⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Ossetian:

$⟨ч⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:
 * Aghul:
 * Archi:
 * Avar:
 * Chechen:
 * Dargwa:
 * Ingush
 * Lezgian:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨чв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:

$⟨чч⟩$:
 * Avar:

$⟨чʼ⟩$:
 * Itelmen:

Џ
$⟨џь⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

Ш
$⟨шв⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Archi:
 * Tabasaran:

$⟨шч⟩$:
 * Russian: (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

$⟨шъ⟩$:
 * Adyghe:

$⟨шъу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:

$⟨шь⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨шә⟩$:
 * Abkhaz:

$⟨ш⟩$:
 * Abaza:
 * Adyghe:

$⟨шу⟩$:
 * Adyghe:

Щ
$⟨щв⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨щ⟩$:
 * Kabardian:

Ы
$⟨ы⟩$:
 * Tsakhur:

Э
$⟨эй⟩$:


 * Shughni:

$⟨эр⟩$:
 * Dungan:

$⟨ээ⟩$:
 * Archi:
 * Shughni:

$⟨ээ⟩$:
 * Archi:

$⟨э⟩$:
 * Archi:

Ю
$⟨юй⟩$:
 * In the cyrillization of Chinese it is used for, equivalent to pinyin $⟨yu⟩$.

$⟨юь⟩$:
 * Chechen:

Я
$⟨ян⟩$:
 * Dungan:

$⟨яь⟩$:
 * Chechen:
 * Ingush

$⟨у⟩$: $⟨ь⟩$:
 * Adyghe:
 * Kabardian:


 * Budukh:
 * Kabardian (dialectal):