List of Internet top-level domains

This list of Internet top-level domains  (TLD) contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level domains by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is maintained at the Root Zone Database. IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains for ICANN. , their root domain contains 1502 top-level domains. , the IANA root database includes 1589 TLDs. That also includes 68 that are not assigned (revoked), 8 that are retired and 11 test domains. Those are not represented in IANA's listing and are not in root.zone file (root.zone file also includes one root domain).

Types
IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:


 * infrastructure top-level domain (ARPA)
 * generic top-level domains (gTLD)
 * generic-restricted top-level domains (grTLD)
 * sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
 * country code top-level domains (ccTLD)
 * test top-level domains (tTLD)

Original top-level domains
Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.
 * Name: DNS names
 * Entity: intended use
 * Administrator: managers
 * Notes: general remarks
 * IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
 * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Country code top-level domains
As of 20 May 2017, there were 255 country-code top-level domains, purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. , the number was 316, with the addition of internationalized domains.

Proposed internationalized ccTLDs
Internationalised domain names have been proposed for Japan and Libya.

ICANN-era generic top-level domains

 * Name: DNS name
 * Target market: intended use
 * Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used
 * Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to
 * IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
 * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

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Internationalized generic top-level domains
All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.


 * Notes: general remarks and intended use
 * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Geographic top-level domains

 * Name: DNS name
 * Entity: Target geographic area
 * Notes: general remarks
 * IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
 * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Brand and corporate top-level domains

 * Name: DNS name
 * Entity: company and/or brand
 * Notes: general remarks
 * IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
 * DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Special-Use Domains
ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names.

Non-IANA domains
Besides the TLDs managed (or at least tracked) by IANA or ICANN, other independent groups have created, or had attempted to create, their own TLDs with varying technical specifications, functions, and outcomes.

Internet Engineering Task Force proposals for local TLDs
The IETF has submitted several requests for comments on TLDs that could be used to represent local devices and services.

Blockchain-registered
Blockchain-based domains are registered and exchanged using a public blockchain like Ethereum. Oftentimes, these domains serve specific functions such as creating human-readable references to smart contract addresses used in DApps or personal wallet addresses. Generally, these non-standard domains are unreachable through the normal DNS resolution process and instead require clients to use some sort of transparent web proxy or gateway to access them

Alternate roots
In the case of alternative DNS roots, organizations or projects make use of the same mechanisms of the DNS but instead take on the role of ICANN in managing and administering an entirely separate root zone, thus having the ability to create new TLDs independently. However, this doesn't make these domains any less isolated from the rest of the internet, though the ability for clients to resolve them theoretically only requires switching to a recursive DNS resolver that recognizes and serves records underneath the alternate root zone.