List of Jewish diaspora languages

This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.

Cushitic languages

 * Kayla
 * Qwara

Arabic languages

 * Judeo-Arabic
 * Judeo-Algerian Arabic
 * Judeo-Andalusi Arabic (extinct)
 * Judeo-Egyptian Arabic
 * Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
 * Jewish Baghdadi Arabic
 * Judeo-Levantine Arabic (extinct)
 * Judeo-Syrian Arabic
 * Modern Judeo-Palestinian Arabic
 * Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
 * Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
 * Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
 * Judeo-Yemeni Arabic


 * Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic

Aramaic languages

 * Judeo-Aramaic


 * Hulaulá (Persian Kurdistani Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
 * Jewish Palestinian Aramaic (extinct)
 * Galilean dialect (extinct)
 * Lishana Deni (Zakho Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
 * Lishan Didan (Persian Azerbaijani Jewish Neo-Aramaic)
 * Lishanid Noshan (Arbil Jewish Neo-Aramaic)

Other Afro-Asiatic languages

 * Judeo-Berber (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)

Austronesian languages

 * Judeo-Malay (extinct)

Dravidian languages

 * Judeo-Malayalam

(both written in local alphabets)

Germanic languages

 * Jewish English Languages
 * Lachoudisch (extinct)
 * Lotegorisch (extinct)
 * Yiddish
 * Eastern Yiddish
 * Western Yiddish

Indo-Aryan languages

 * Judeo-Gujarati
 * Judeo-Hindustani
 * Judeo-Marathi
 * Judeo-Urdu

Iranian languages

 * Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik) (with some city koinés, e.g., Judeo-Tajik koiné of Samarkand)
 * Judeo-Golpaygani (possibly extinct)
 * Judeo-Hamedani (possibly extinct)
 * Judeo-Kashani
 * Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi)
 * Judeo-Shirazi
 * Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)

Romance languages

 * Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages)
 * Judeo-Aragonese (extinct, but have some impact on Judeo-Spanish citylect of Skopje)
 * Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela (extinct)
 * Judeo-Asturleonese (extinct, but still have some lexical traces in Judeo-Spanish)
 * Judeo-French (Zarphatic): a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects (extinct)
 * Judeo-Portuguese (almost extinct, still preserved in small communities of Portugal, Northern Africa and the Netherlands) and Judeo-Galician (extinct)
 * Judeo-Provençal (extinct)
 * Judeo-Sicilian (including the zone of so-called Meridionali Estremi (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily, Calabria and Apulia, including Judeo-Salentino of Corfu) (extinct or almost extinct)

Occitan

 * Judeo-Gascon


 * Judeo-Provencal
 * Judeo-Niçard

Judeo-Spanish (Judezmo, Ladino)

 * Haketia
 * Tetuani

Judeo-Italian

 * Judeo-Ferrarese† (Giudeo-Ferrarese) in Ferrara
 * Judeo-Modenese† (Giudeo-Modenese) in Modena
 * Judeo-Pitigliano/ Judeo-Pitgilianese† (Giudeo-Pitigliano/ Giudeo-Pitgiliananese) in Tuscany
 * Judeo-Salentinian† (Giudeo-Salentino) In Salentino
 * Judeo-Resan† (Giudeo-Resab) in the region of Reggio Emilia of Emilia-Romagna
 * Judeo-Torinese† (Giudeo-Torinese) in Turin
 * Judeo-Italian of Lugo Di Romanga† (Giudeo-italiano di Lugo Di Romanga) in Lugo Di Romanga
 * Judeo-Italian of Moncalvo† (Giudeo-italiano di Moncalvo) in Moncalvo
 * Judeo-Italian of Casale Monferrato† (Giudeo-italiano di Casale Monferrato) in Casale Monferrato
 * Judeo-Italian of Finale Emilia† (Giudeo-italiano di Finale Emilia) in Finale Emilia
 * Judeo-Roman (Giudeo-Romanesco) in Rome


 * Bagitto/Judeo-Livornese† (Bagitto/Giudeo-Livornese) in Livorno
 * Judeo-Florentine† (Giudeo-Fiorentino) in Florence


 * Judeo-Venetian† (Giudeo-Veneziano) in Venice
 * Judeo-Triestine† (Giudeo-Triestino) in Trieste
 * Judeo-Veronese† (Giudeo-Veronese) in Verona


 * Judeo-Reggiano† (Giudeo-Reggiano) in Reggio Emilia
 * Judeo-Piedmontese† (Giudeo-Piemontese) in the region of Piedmont
 * Judeo-Mantuan† (Giudeo-Mantovano) in Mantua

Other Indo-European languages

 * Judeo-Czech (Knaanic) (extinct)
 * Judeo-Greek (Romaniyot, Yevanic)
 * Judeo-Sicilian Greek (extinct)


 * Judeo-Koiné Greek (extinct)

Kartvelian languages

 * Judeo-Georgian
 * Judeo-Mingrelian (first of all — so called Zugdidi–Samurzakano dialect of Mingrelian, e.g. Bandza and Senaki Jews in Western Georgia, but the tendency is to switch to Judeo-Georgian or to standard Georgian) (almost extinct)

Turkic languages

 * Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab)
 * Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak) (almost extinct)
 * Judeo-Turkish (Influenced the Krymchak and some of Karaim languages, or even was the origin of some of them)
 * Karaim (almost extinct, most likely a group of separate Turkic languages with Kypchak and Oghuz traces                                    With Hebrew words)

Creole languages

 * Judaeo-Papiamento