List of adrenergic drugs

This is a list of adrenergic drugs. These are pharmaceutical drugs, naturally occurring compounds and other chemicals that influence the function of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (adrenaline).

Agonists
Amidephrine

Anisodamine

Anisodine

Cirazoline

Dipivefrine

Dopamine

Ephedrine

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Etilefrine

Ethylnorepinephrine

5-Fluoronorepinephrine

6-Fluoronorepinephrine

Indanidine

Levonordefrin

Metaraminol

Methoxamine

Methyldopa

Midodrine

Naphazoline

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Octopamine

Oxymetazoline

Phenylephrine

Phenylpropanolamine

Pseudoephedrine

Synephrine

Tetrahydrozoline

Antagonists
Abanoquil

Adimolol

Ajmalicine

Alfuzosin

Amosulalol

Arotinolol

Atiprosin

Benoxathian

Buflomedil

Bunazosin

Carvedilol

CI-926

Corynanthine

Dapiprazole

DL-017

Domesticine

Doxazosin

Eugenodilol

Fenspiride

GYKI-12,743

GYKI-16,084

Indoramin

Ketanserin

L-765,314

Labetalol

Mephendioxan

Metazosin

Monatepil

Moxisylyte (thymoxamine)

Naftopidil

Nantenine

Neldazosin

Nicergoline

Niguldipine

Pelanserin

Phendioxan

Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine

Piperoxan

Prazosin

Quinazosin

Ritanserin

RS-97,078

SGB-1,534

Silodosin

SL-89.0591

Spiperone

Talipexole

Tamsulosin

Terazosin

Tibalosin

Tiodazosin

Tipentosin

Tolazoline

Trimazosin

Upidosin

Urapidil

Zolertine

Many tricyclic antidepressants, tetracyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, ergolines, and some piperazines like buspirone, trazodone, nefazodone, etoperidone, and mepiprazole antagonize α1-adrenergic receptors as well, which contributes to their side effects such as orthostatic hypotension.

Agonists
Adrenoswitches (photoswitchable agonists)

Amitraz

Apraclonidine

Brimonidine

Cannabivarin

Clonidine

Detomidine

Dexmedetomidine

Dihydroergotamine

Dipivefrine

Dopamine

Ephedrine

Ergotamine

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Esproquin

Etilefrine

Ethylnorepinephrine

6-Fluoronorepinephrine

Guanabenz

Guanfacine

Guanoxabenz

Levonordefrin

Lofexidine

Medetomidine

Methyldopa

Mivazerol

Naphazoline

4-NEMD

(R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Phenylpropanolamine

Piperoxan

Pseudoephedrine

Rilmenidine

Romifidine

Talipexole

Tetrahydrozoline

Tizanidine

Tolonidine

Urapidil

Xylazine

Xylometazoline

Antagonists
Adimolol

Aptazapine

Atipamezole

BRL-44408

Buflomedil

Cirazoline

Efaroxan

Esmirtazapine

Fenmetozole

Fluparoxan

GYKI-12,743

GYKI-16,084

Idazoxan

Mianserin

Mirtazapine

MK-912

NAN-190

Olanzapine

Phentolamine

Phenoxybenzamine

Piperoxan

Piribedil

Pyrimidinylpiperazine

Rauwolscine

Rotigotine

SB-269,970

Setiptiline

Spiroxatrine

Sunepitron

Tolazoline

Yohimbine

Many atypical antipsychotics and azapirones like buspirone and gepirone (via metabolite pyrimidinylpiperazine) antagonize α2-adrenergic receptors as well.

Agonists
Abediterol

Amibegron

Arbutamine

Arformoterol

Arotinolol

Bambuterol

Befunolol

Bitolterol

Bromoacetylalprenololmenthane (BAAM)

Broxaterol

Buphenine

Carbuterol

Cimaterol

Clenbuterol

Denopamine

Deterenol

Dipivefrine

Dobutamine

Dopamine

Dopexamine

Ephedrine

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Etafedrine

Etilefrine

Ethylnorepinephrine

Fenoterol

2-Fluoronorepinephrine

5-Fluoronorepinephrine

Formoterol

Hexoprenaline

Higenamine

Indacaterol

Isoetarine

Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)

N-Isopropyloctopamine

Isoxsuprine

Labetalol

Levonordefrin

Levosalbutamol

Mabuterol

Methoxyphenamine

Methyldopa

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Orciprenaline

Oxyfedrine

Phenylpropanolamine

Pirbuterol

Prenalterol

Ractopamine

Procaterol

Pseudoephedrine

Quinterenol

Reproterol

Rimiterol

Ritodrine

Salbutamol (albuterol)

Salmeterol

Solabegron

Terbutaline

Tretoquinol

Tulobuterol

Xamoterol

Zilpaterol

Zinterol

Antagonists
Acebutolol

Adaprolol

Adimolol

Afurolol

Alprenolol

Alprenoxime

Amosulalol

Ancarolol

Arnolol

Arotinolol

Atenolol

Befunolol

Betaxolol

Bevantolol

Bisoprolol

Bopindolol

Bornaprolol

Brefonalol

Bucindolol

Bucumolol

Bufetolol

Bufuralol

Bunitrolol

Bunolol

Bupranolol

Butaxamine

Butidrine

Butofilolol

Capsinolol

Carazolol

Carpindolol

Carteolol

Carvedilol

Celiprolol

Cetamolol

Cicloprolol

Cinamolol

Cloranolol

Cyanopindolol

Dalbraminol

Dexpropranolol

Diacetolol

Dichloroisoprenaline

Dihydroalprenolol

Dilevalol

Diprafenone

Draquinolol

Ecastolol

Epanolol

Ericolol

Ersentilide

Esatenolol

Esmolol

Eugenodilol

Exaprolol

Falintolol

Flestolol

Flusoxolol

Hydroxycarteolol

Hydroxytertatolol

ICI-118,551

Idropranolol

Indenolol

Indopanolol

Iodocyanopindolol

Iprocrolol

Isoxaprolol

Isamoltane

Labetalol

Landiolol

Levobetaxolol

Levobunolol

Levocicloprolol

Levomoprolol

Medroxalol

Mepindolol

Metalol

Metipranolol

Metoprolol

Moprolol

Nadolol

Nadoxolol

Nafetolol

Nebivolol

Neraminol

Nifenalol

Nipradilol

Oberadilol

Oxprenolol

Pacrinolol

Pafenolol

Pamatolol

Pargolol

Parodilol

Penbutolol

Penirolol

PhQA-33

Pindolol

Pirepolol

Practolol

Primidolol

Procinolol

Pronethalol

Propafenone

Propranolol

Ridazolol

Ronactolol

Soquinolol

Sotalol

Spirendolol

SR 59230A

Sulfinalol

TA-2005

Talinolol

Tazolol

Teoprolol

Tertatolol

Tienoxolol

Tilisolol

Timolol

Tiprenolol

Tolamolol

Toliprolol

Tribendilol

Trigevolol

Xibenolol

Xipranolol

Norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitors



 * Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
 * Amedalin
 * Atomoxetine (tomoxetine)
 * Ciclazindol
 * Daledalin
 * Esreboxetine
 * Lortalamine
 * Mazindol
 * Nisoxetine
 * Reboxetine
 * Talopram
 * Talsupram
 * Tandamine
 * Viloxazine


 * Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors
 * Amineptine
 * Bupropion (amfebutamone)
 * Fencamine
 * Fencamfamine
 * Lefetamine
 * Levophacetoperane
 * LR-5182
 * Manifaxine
 * Methylphenidate
 * Nomifensine
 * O-2172
 * Radafaxine


 * Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
 * Bicifadine
 * Desvenlafaxine
 * Duloxetine
 * Eclanamine
 * Levomilnacipran
 * Milnacipran
 * Sibutramine
 * Venlafaxine


 * Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors
 * Brasofensine
 * Diclofensine
 * DOV-102,677
 * DOV-21,947
 * DOV-216,303
 * JNJ-7925476
 * JZ-IV-10
 * Methylnaphthidate
 * Naphyrone
 * NS-2359
 * PRC200-SS
 * SEP-225,289
 * SEP-227,162
 * Tesofensine


 * Tricyclic antidepressants
 * Amitriptyline
 * Butriptyline
 * Cianopramine
 * Clomipramine
 * Desipramine
 * Dosulepin
 * Doxepin
 * Imipramine
 * Lofepramine
 * melitracen
 * Nortriptyline
 * Protriptyline
 * Trimipramine


 * Tetracyclic antidepressants
 * Amoxapine
 * Maprotiline
 * Mianserin
 * Oxaprotiline
 * Setiptiline


 * Others
 * Cocaine
 * CP-39,332
 * EXP-561
 * Fezolamine
 * Ginkgo biloba
 * Indeloxazine
 * Nefazodone
 * Nefopam
 * Pridefrine
 * Tapentadol
 * Teniloxazine
 * Tramadol
 * Ziprasidone

Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) inhibitors
Ibogaine

Reserpine

Tetrabenazine

Bietaserpine

Releasing agents



 * Morpholines
 * Fenbutrazate
 * Morazone
 * Phendimetrazine
 * Phenmetrazine


 * Oxazolines
 * Aminorex
 * Clominorex
 * Cyclazodone
 * Fenozolone
 * Fluminorex
 * 4-Methylaminorex
 * Pemoline
 * Thozalinone


 * Phenethylamines (also amphetamines, cathinones, phentermines, etc.)
 * 2-OH-PEA
 * 4-CAB
 * 4-FA
 * 4-FMA
 * 4-MA
 * 4-MMA
 * Alfetamine
 * Amfecloral
 * Amfepentorex
 * Amfepramone
 * Amphetamine
 * dextroamphetamine
 * levoamphetamine
 * Amphetaminil
 * β-Me-PEA
 * BDB
 * Benzphetamine
 * BOH
 * Buphedrone
 * Butylone
 * Cathine
 * Cathinone
 * Clobenzorex
 * Clortermine
 * D-Deprenyl
 * Dimethylamphetamine
 * Dimethylcathinone (dimethylpropion, metamfepramone)
 * DMA
 * DMMA
 * EBDB
 * Ephedrine
 * Ethcathinone
 * Ethylamphetamine
 * Ethylone
 * Famprofazone
 * Fenethylline
 * Fenproporex
 * Flephedrone
 * Fludorex
 * Furfenorex
 * Hordenine
 * IAP
 * IMP
 * Lisdexamfetamine
 * Lophophine
 * MBDB
 * MDA (tenamfetamine)
 * MDEA
 * MDMA
 * MDMPEA
 * MDOH
 * MDPEA
 * Mefenorex
 * Mephedrone
 * Mephentermine
 * Methamphetamine
 * dextromethamphetamine
 * levomethamphetamine
 * Methcathinone
 * Methedrone
 * Methylone
 * NAP
 * Ortetamine
 * Paredrine
 * pBA
 * pCA
 * Pentorex (phenpentermine)
 * Phenethylamine
 * Pholedrine
 * Phenpromethamine
 * Phentermine
 * Phenylpropanolamine
 * pIA
 * Prenylamine
 * Propylamphetamine
 * Pseudoephedrine
 * Selegiline (L-deprenyl)
 * Tiflorex
 * Tyramine
 * Xylopropamine
 * Zylofuramine


 * Piperazines
 * Benzylpiperazine (BZP)
 * 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromobenzylpiperazine (2C-B-BZP)
 * Methylbenzylpiperazine (MBZP)
 * Metachlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP)
 * Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBZP)
 * Methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP)
 * Parafluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP)


 * Others
 * 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene
 * 2-Aminoindane
 * 2-Aminotetralin
 * 2-Benzylpiperidine
 * 4-Benzylpiperidine
 * Clofenciclan
 * Cyclopentamine
 * Cypenamine
 * Cyprodenate
 * Feprosidnine
 * Gilutensin
 * Heptaminol
 * Hexacyclonate
 * Indanorex
 * 5-Iodo-2-aminoindane (5-IAI)
 * Isometheptene
 * Methylhexanamine
 * Octodrine
 * Phthalimidopropiophenone
 * Propylhexedrine
 * levopropylhexedrine
 * Tuaminoheptane

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) inhibitors
3,4-Dihydroxystyrene

Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors
3-Iodotyrosine

Aquayamycin

Bulbocapnine

Metirosine

Oudenone

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) inhibitors
Benserazide

Carbidopa

Genistein

Methyldopa

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitors
Bupicomide

Disulfiram

Dopastin

Fusaric acid

Nepicastat

Phenopicolinic acid

Tropolone

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitors
CGS-19281A

SKF-64139

SKF-7698

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors



 * Nonselective
 * Benmoxin
 * Caroxazone
 * Echinopsidine
 * Furazolidone
 * Hydralazine
 * Indantadol
 * Iproclozide
 * Iproniazid
 * Isocarboxazid
 * Isoniazid
 * Linezolid
 * Mebanazine
 * Metfendrazine
 * Nialamide
 * Octamoxin
 * Paraxazone
 * Phenelzine
 * Pheniprazine
 * Phenoxypropazine
 * Pivalylbenzhydrazine
 * Procarbazine
 * Safrazine
 * Tranylcypromine


 * MAO-A selective
 * Amiflamine
 * Bazinaprine
 * Befloxatone
 * Befol
 * Brofaromine
 * Cimoxatone
 * Clorgiline
 * Esuprone
 * Harmala alkaloids
 * harmine
 * harmaline
 * tetrahydroharmine
 * harman
 * norharman
 * etc.
 * Methylene Blue
 * Metralindole
 * Minaprine
 * Moclobemide
 * Pirlindole
 * Sercloremine
 * Tetrindole
 * Toloxatone
 * Tyrima


 * MAO-B selective
 * D-Deprenyl
 * Selegiline (L-deprenyl)
 * Ladostigil
 * Lazabemide
 * Milacemide
 * Mofegiline
 * Pargyline
 * Rasagiline
 * Safinamide

MAO-B inhibitors also influence norepinephrine/epinephrine levels since they inhibit the breakdown of their precursor dopamine.

Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors
Entacapone

Tolcapone

Precursors
L-Phenylalanine → L-tyrosine → L-DOPA (levodopa) → dopamine

L-DOPS (droxidopa)

Cofactors
Ferrous iron (Fe2+)

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

Vitamin B3


 * niacin


 * nicotinamide → NADPH

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal → Pyridoxal phosphate)

Vitamin B9 (folic acid → tetrahydrofolic acid)

Vitamin C


 * ascorbic acid

Zinc (Zn2+)

Activity enhancers
Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane (BPAP)

Phenylpropylaminopentane (PPAP)

Release blockers
Bethanidine

Bretylium

Guanadrel

Guanazodine

Guanclofine

Guanethidine

Guanoxan

Toxins
Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine)