List of birds of Afghanistan

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Afghanistan. The avifauna of Afghanistan include a total of 502 species, of which 4 have been introduced by humans. Of the species in Afghanistan, 46 species are globally threatened.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Afghanistan.

The following tags have been used to highlight certain aspects of each species.


 * (A) Accidental – a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Afghanistan
 * (I) Introduced – a species introduced to Afghanistan as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
 * Conservation status – the conservation status of the listed species

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.


 * Bar-headed goose, Anser indicus
 * Graylag goose, Anser anser
 * Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
 * Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus
 * Red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis
 * Mute swan, Cygnus olor
 * Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus
 * Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea
 * Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna
 * Cotton pygmy goose, Nettapus coromandelianus
 * Baikal teal, Sibirionetta formosa (A)
 * Garganey, Spatula querquedula
 * Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
 * Gadwall, Mareca strepera
 * Falcated duck, Mareca falcata (A)
 * Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
 * Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
 * Northern pintail, Anas acuta
 * Eurasian teal, Anas crecca
 * Marbled duck, Marmaronetta angustirostris
 * Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina
 * Common pochard, Aythya ferina
 * Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca
 * Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
 * Greater scaup, Aythya marila
 * Velvet scoter, Melanitta fusca (A)
 * Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
 * Smew, Mergellus albellus
 * Common merganser, Mergus merganser
 * Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator (A)
 * White-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala

Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae



The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.


 * See-see partridge, Ammoperdix griseogularis
 * Common quail, Coturnix coturnix
 * Chukar, Alectoris chukar
 * Tibetan snowcock, Tetraogallus tibetanus
 * Himalayan snowcock, Tetraogallus himalayensis
 * Black francolin, Francolinus francolinus
 * Gray francolin, Ortygornis pondicerianus
 * Himalayan monal, Lophophorus impejanus
 * Common pheasant, Phasianus colchicus
 * Cheer pheasant, Catreus wallichii
 * Gray partridge, Perdix perdix
 * Koklass pheasant, Pucrasia macrolopha

Flamingos
Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae



Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 ft tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.


 * Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus
 * Lesser flamingo, Phoenicopterus minor (A)

Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.


 * Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
 * Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
 * Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
 * Black-necked grebe, Podiceps nigricollis

Pigeons and doves
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.


 * Rock dove, Columba livia
 * Hill pigeon, Columba rupestris
 * Snow pigeon, Columba leuconota
 * Speckled pigeon, Columba guinea (I)
 * Stock dove, Columba oenas (A)
 * Yellow-eyed pigeon, Columba eversmanni
 * Common wood-pigeon, Columba palumbus
 * European turtle-dove, Streptopelia turtur
 * Oriental turtle-dove, Streptopelia orientalis
 * Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto
 * Spotted dove, Spilopelia chinensis (A)
 * Laughing dove, Spilopelia senegalensis

Sandgrouse
Order: PterocliformesFamily: Pteroclidae Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.


 * Tibetan sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes tibetanus
 * Pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata
 * Spotted sandgrouse, Pterocles senegallus (A)
 * Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis
 * Crowned sandgrouse, Pterocles coronatus
 * Lichtenstein's sandgrouse, Pterocles lichtensteinii

Bustards
Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.


 * Great bustard, Otis tarda
 * MacQueen's bustard, Chlamydotis macqueenii
 * Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax

Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.


 * Jacobin cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus (A)
 * Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus
 * Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus
 * Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus

Nightjars and allies
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.


 * Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus
 * Egyptian nightjar, Caprimulgus aegyptius
 * Sykes's nightjar, Caprimulgus mahrattensis
 * Indian nightjar, Caprimulgus asiaticus

Swifts


Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.


 * White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus (A)
 * Alpine swift, Apus melba
 * Common swift, Apus apus
 * Little swift, Apus affinis

Rails, gallinules and coots


Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.


 * Water rail, Rallus aquaticus
 * Corn crake, Crex crex
 * Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
 * Common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
 * Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
 * Gray-headed swamphen, Porphyrio poliocephalus
 * Ruddy-breasted crake, Zapornia fusca (A)
 * Little crake, Zapornia parva
 * Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla

Cranes


Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".


 * Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo
 * Siberian crane, Leucogeranus leucogeranus (A) (possibly extirpated)
 * Common crane, Grus grus

Stone-curlews
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae

The stone-curlews are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.


 * Eurasian stone-curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus

Stilts and avocets


Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.


 * Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
 * Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta

Ibisbill


Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Ibidorhynchidae

The ibisbill is related to the waders, but is sufficiently distinctive to be a family unto itself. The adult is gray with a white belly, red legs, a long down curved bill, and a black face and breast band.


 * Ibisbill, Ibidorhyncha struthersii (A)

Oystercatchers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.


 * Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus

Plovers and lapwings


Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.


 * Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola
 * Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis fulva (A)
 * Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus
 * Red-wattled lapwing, Vanellus indicus
 * Sociable lapwing, Vanellus gregarius
 * White-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus
 * Siberian sand plover, Charadrius mongolus
 * Greater sand plover, Charadrius leschenaultii
 * Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus
 * Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
 * Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
 * Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius

Painted-snipes


Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.


 * Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

Jacanas


Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.


 * Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus

Sandpipers and allies
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 27 species which have been recorded in Afghanistan.


 * Eurasian whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
 * Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis (A)
 * Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
 * Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
 * Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
 * Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
 * Ruff, Calidris pugnax
 * Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus (A)
 * Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
 * Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
 * Sanderling, Calidris alba
 * Dunlin, Calidris alpina
 * Little stint, Calidris minuta
 * Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus
 * Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
 * Solitary snipe, Gallinago solitaria
 * Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
 * Pin-tailed snipe, Gallinago stenura (A)
 * Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
 * Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
 * Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
 * Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
 * Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
 * Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
 * Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis (A)
 * Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
 * Common redshank, Tringa totanus

Pratincoles and coursers


Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.


 * Cream-colored courser, Cursorius cursor
 * Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola (A)
 * Small pratincole, Glareola lactea (A)

Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.


 * Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei
 * Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
 * Brown-headed gull, Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (A)
 * Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (A)
 * Pallas's gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
 * Common gull, Larus canus (A)
 * Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
 * Little tern, Sternula albifrons
 * Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
 * Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
 * Black tern, Chlidonias niger (A)
 * White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
 * Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida (A)
 * Common tern, Sterna hirundo
 * River tern, Sterna aurantia (A)

Storks


Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.


 * Black stork, Ciconia nigra
 * White stork, Ciconia ciconia

Cormorants and shags


Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.


 * Little cormorant, Microcarbo niger (A)
 * Pygmy cormorant, Microcarbo pygmeus
 * Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
 * Indian cormorant, Phalacrocorax fuscicollis (A)

Pelicans


Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.


 * Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
 * Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus

Herons, egrets, and bitterns


Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.


 * Eurasian bittern, Botaurus stellaris
 * Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
 * Cinnamon bittern, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus (A)
 * Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
 * Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
 * Great egret, Ardea alba
 * Little egret, Egretta garzetta (A)
 * Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis (A)
 * Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides (A)'
 * Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax

Ibises and spoonbills


Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.


 * Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
 * Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia

Osprey


Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.


 * Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, eagles, and kites






Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.


 * Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus
 * Bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus
 * Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus
 * European honey-buzzard, Pernis apivorus (A)
 * Crested honey-buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus
 * Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus
 * White-rumped vulture, Gyps bengalensis (A)
 * Himalayan griffon, Gyps himalayensis
 * Eurasian griffon vulture, Gyps fulvus
 * Short-toed snake-eagle, Circaetus gallicus
 * Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga
 * Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
 * Tawny eagle, Aquila rapax (A)
 * Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis
 * Eastern imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca
 * Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
 * Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata (A)
 * White-eyed buzzard, Butastur teesa (A)
 * Western marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus
 * Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus
 * Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
 * Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
 * Shikra, Accipiter badius
 * Levant sparrowhawk, Accipiter brevipes (A)
 * Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
 * Eurasian goshawk, Accipiter gentilis
 * Black kite, Milvus migrans
 * White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla
 * Pallas's fish eagle, Haliaeetus leucoryphus
 * Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus
 * Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
 * Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus

Barn-owls


Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.


 * Barn owl, Tyto alba (A)

Owls


Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.


 * Indian scops-owl, Otus bakkamoena
 * Eurasian scops owl, Otus scops
 * Pallid scops owl, Otus brucei (A)
 * Eurasian eagle owl, Bubo bubo
 * Collared owlet, Taenioptynx brodiei
 * Little owl, Athene noctua
 * Tawny owl, Strix aluco
 * Long-eared owl, Asio otus
 * Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
 * Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus (A)

Hoopoes


Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.


 * Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops

Kingfishers


Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.


 * Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
 * White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis
 * Crested kingfisher, Megaceryle lugubris
 * Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis

Bee-eaters


Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.


 * Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
 * European bee-eater, Merops apiaster

Rollers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.


 * European roller, Coracias garrulus
 * Indian roller, Coracias benghalensis

Woodpeckers


Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.


 * Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
 * Speckled piculet, Picumnus innominatus
 * Brown-fronted woodpecker, Dendrocoptes auriceps
 * White-winged woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucopterus
 * Himalayan woodpecker, Dendrocopos himalayensis
 * Scaly-bellied woodpecker, Picus squamatus

Falcons and caracaras


Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.


 * Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
 * Common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
 * Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus
 * Merlin, Falco columbarius
 * Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
 * Laggar falcon, Falco jugger
 * Saker falcon, Falco cherrug
 * Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus (A)
 * Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

Old World parrots


Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae

Old World parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.


 * Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria (A)
 * Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)
 * Slaty-headed parakeet, Psittacula himalayana

Cuckooshrikes


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.


 * Long-tailed minivet, Pericrocotus ethologus
 * Rosy minivet, Pericrocotus roseus (A)

Old World orioles
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.


 * Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
 * Indian golden oriole, Oriolus kundoo

Drongos


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.


 * Black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus
 * Ashy drongo, Dicrurus leucophaeus

Monarch flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.


 * Indian paradise flycatcher, Terpsiphone paradisi

Shrikes


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.


 * Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio (A)
 * Red-tailed shrike, Lanius phoenicuroides
 * Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus
 * Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus (A)
 * Bay-backed shrike, Lanius vittatus
 * Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach
 * Great gray shrike, Lanius excubitor
 * Lesser gray shrike, Lanius minor
 * Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator (A)

Crows, jays, and magpies




Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.


 * Black-headed jay, Garrulus lanceolatus
 * Eurasian magpie, Pica pica
 * Spotted nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes
 * Kashmir nutcracker, Nucifraga multipunctata
 * Red-billed chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
 * Alpine chough, Pyrrhocorax graculus
 * Western jackdaw, Corvus monedula
 * House crow, Corvus splendens (A)
 * Rook, Corvus frugilegus
 * Carrion crow, Corvus corone
 * Hooded crow, Corvus cornix
 * Large-billed crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
 * Brown-necked raven, Corvus ruficollis
 * Common raven, Corvus corax

Tits, chickadees, and titmice


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.


 * Coal tit, Periparus ater
 * Rufous-naped tit, Periparus rufonuchalis
 * Azure tit, Cyanistes cyanus
 * Ground tit, Pseudopodoces humilis
 * Great tit, Parus major
 * Cinereous tit, Parus cinereus

Penduline-tits


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.


 * Eurasian penduline-tit, Remiz pendulinus
 * Black-headed penduline-tit, Remiz macronyx
 * White-crowned penduline-tit, Remiz coronatus

Larks




Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.


 * Greater hoopoe-lark, Alaemon alaudipes
 * Bar-tailed lark, Ammomanes cincturus
 * Desert lark, Ammomanes deserti
 * Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris
 * Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla
 * Hume's short-toed lark, Calandrella acutirostris
 * Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata
 * Calandra lark, Melanocorypha calandra
 * Turkestan short-toed lark, Alaudala heinei
 * Sand lark, Alaudala raytal (A)
 * Woodlark, Lullula arborea (A)
 * Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis
 * Oriental skylark, Alauda gulgula
 * Crested lark, Galerida cristata

Bearded reedling
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Panuridae

This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia.


 * Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus

Cisticolas and allies


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.


 * Himalayan prinia, Prinia crinigera
 * Delicate prinia, Prinia lepida
 * Plain prinia, Prinia inornata (A)
 * Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis

Reed warblers and allies


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.


 * Booted warbler, Iduna caligata
 * Sykes's warbler, Iduna rama
 * Eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida (A)
 * Upcher's warbler, Hippolais languida
 * Moustached warbler, Acrocephalus melanopogon
 * Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola
 * Blunt-winged warbler, Acrocephalus concinens
 * Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum
 * Large-billed reed warbler, Acrocephalus orinus
 * Common reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
 * Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus
 * Clamorous reed warbler, Acrocephalus stentoreus

Grassbirds and allies


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.


 * Common grasshopper warbler, Locustella naevia

Swallows


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.


 * Gray-throated martin, Riparia chinensis
 * Sand martin, Riparia riparia
 * Pale martin, Riparia diluta
 * Eurasian crag-martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris
 * Rock martin, Ptyonoprogne fuligula
 * Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
 * Wire-tailed swallow, Hirundo smithii
 * Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
 * Streak-throated swallow, Petrochelidon fluvicola
 * Western house martin, Delichon urbicum
 * Asian house martin, Delichon dasypus

Bulbuls


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.


 * Red-vented bulbul, Pycnonotus cafer
 * White-eared bulbul, Pycnonotus leucotis
 * Himalayan bulbul, Pycnonotus leucogenys
 * Black bulbul, Hypsipetes leucocephalus

Leaf warblers




Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.


 * Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (A)
 * Hume's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus humei
 * Brooks's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus subviridis
 * Pallas's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus
 * Lemon-rumped warbler, Phylloscopus chloronotus
 * Tytler's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus tytleri
 * Radde's warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi
 * Sulphur-bellied warbler, Phylloscopus griseolus
 * Plain leaf warbler, Phylloscopus neglectus
 * Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
 * Mountain chiffchaff, Phylloscopus sindianus
 * Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
 * Green warbler, Phylloscopus nitidus
 * Greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides
 * Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis (A)
 * Western crowned warbler, Phylloscopus occipitalis

Bush warblers and allies


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.


 * Streaked scrub warbler, Scotocerca inquieta
 * Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti

Long-tailed tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.


 * White-cheeked bushtit, Aegithalos leucogenys

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.


 * Garden warbler, Sylvia borin (A)
 * Asian desert warbler, Curruca nana
 * Barred warbler, Curruca nisoria (A)
 * Lesser whitethroat, Curruca curruca
 * Eastern Orphean warbler, Curruca crassirostris
 * Menetries's warbler, Curruca mystacea
 * Common whitethroat, Curruca communis

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.


 * Indian white-eye, Zosterops palpebrosus

Laughingthrushes


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae

The members of this family are diverse in size and coloration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or grayish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.


 * Afghan babbler, Argya huttoni
 * Common babbler, Argya caudata (A)
 * Streaked laughingthrush, Trochalopteron lineatus
 * Variegated laughingthrush, Trochalopteron variegatus

Kinglets


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.


 * Goldcrest, Regulus regulus

Wallcreeper
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tichodromidae

The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.


 * Wallcreeper, Tichodroma muraria

Nuthatches


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.


 * Eurasian nuthatch, Sitta europaea
 * Kashmir nuthatch, Sitta cashmirensis
 * White-cheeked nuthatch, Sitta leucopsis
 * Eastern rock nuthatch, Sitta tephronota

Treecreepers


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.


 * Bar-tailed treecreeper, Certhia himalayana

Wrens
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.


 * Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes

Dippers


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.


 * White-throated dipper, Cinclus cinclus
 * Brown dipper, Cinclus pallasii

Starlings


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.


 * Common starling, Sturnus vulgaris
 * Rosy starling, Pastor roseus
 * Brahminy starling, Sturnia pagodarum
 * Common myna, Acridotheres tristis
 * Bank myna, Acridotheres ginginianus (A)

Thrushes and allies


Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.


 * Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus
 * Redwing, Turdus iliacus
 * Common blackbird, Turdus merula
 * Tickell's thrush, Turdus unicolor
 * Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris (A)
 * Chestnut thrush, Turdus rubrocanus
 * Black-throated thrush, Turdus atrogularis
 * Red-throated thrush, Turdus ruficollis (A)

Old World flycatchers




Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.


 * Dark-sided flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica
 * Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
 * Rufous-tailed scrub robin, Cercotrichas galactotes
 * Indian robin, Copsychus fulicatus (A)
 * Oriental magpie-robin, Copsychus saularis (A)
 * European robin, Erithacus rubecula (A)
 * Indian blue robin, Larvivora brunnea
 * White-throated robin, Irania gutturalis
 * Thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia (A)
 * Common nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos
 * Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
 * Blue whistling-thrush, Myophonus caeruleus
 * Little forktail, Enicurus scouleri
 * Spotted forktail, Enicurus maculatus
 * Siberian rubythroat, Calliope calliope (A)
 * Himalayan rubythroat, Calliope pectoralis
 * Himalayan bluetail, Tarsiger rufilatus
 * Ultramarine flycatcher, Ficedula superciliaris
 * Rusty-tailed flycatcher, Ficedula ruficauda
 * Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla
 * Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva
 * European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca (A)
 * Blue-fronted redstart, Phoenicurus frontalis
 * Plumbeous redstart, Phoenicurus fuliginosus
 * Eversmann's redstart, Phoenicurus erythronota
 * White-capped redstart, Phoenicurus leucocephalus
 * Blue-capped redstart, Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus
 * Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus
 * Güldenstädt's redstart, Phoenicurus erythrogaster
 * Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros
 * Blue-capped rock-thrush, Monticola cinclorhyncha
 * Common rock thrush, Monticola saxatilis
 * Blue rock-thrush, Monticola solitarius
 * Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra (A)
 * White-browed bushchat, Saxicola macrorhynchus (A)
 * Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus
 * Pied bush chat, Saxicola caprata
 * Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
 * Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina
 * Hooded wheatear, Oenanthe monacha
 * Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti
 * Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka
 * Variable wheatear, Oenanthe picata
 * Hume's wheatear, Oenanthe alboniger
 * Finsch's wheatear, Oenanthe finschii
 * Red-tailed wheatear, Oenanthe chrysopygia

Hypocolius
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hypocoliidae

The grey hypocolius is a small Middle Eastern bird with the shape and soft plumage of a waxwing. They are mainly a uniform grey colour except the males have a black triangular mask around their eyes.


 * Grey hypocolius, Hypocolius ampelinus

Sunbirds and spiderhunters
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.


 * Purple sunbird, Cinnyris asiaticus

Waxbills and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.


 * Red avadavat, Amandava amandava (I)
 * Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata (I)

Accentors
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.


 * Alpine accentor, Prunella collaris
 * Altai accentor, Prunella himalayana
 * Rufous-breasted accentor, Prunella strophiata
 * Radde's accentor, Prunella ocularis (A)
 * Brown accentor, Prunella fulvescens
 * Black-throated accentor, Prunella atrogularis
 * Dunnock, Prunella modularis

Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.


 * Saxaul sparrow, Passer ammodendri (A)
 * House sparrow, Passer domesticus
 * Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
 * Russet sparrow, Passer cinnamomeus
 * Dead Sea sparrow, Passer moabiticus
 * Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus
 * Yellow-throated sparrow, Gymnoris xanthocollis
 * Rock sparrow, Petronia petronia
 * Pale rockfinch, Carpospiza brachydactyla (A)
 * White-winged snowfinch, Montifringilla nivalis
 * Afghan snowfinch, Montifringilla theresae 

Wagtails and pipits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.


 * Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
 * Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
 * Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola
 * White-browed wagtail, Motacilla maderaspatensis
 * White wagtail, Motacilla alba
 * Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi
 * Paddyfield pipit, Anthus rufulus
 * Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis
 * Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris
 * Upland pipit, Anthus sylvanus
 * Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis (A)
 * Rosy pipit, Anthus roseatus
 * Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
 * Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni
 * Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
 * Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta
 * Buff-bellied pipit, Anthus rubescens (A)

Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.


 * Eurasian chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs
 * Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
 * Black-and-yellow grosbeak, Mycerobas icterioides (A)
 * White-winged grosbeak, Mycerobas carnipes
 * Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
 * Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus
 * Blyth's rosefinch, Carpodacus grandis
 * Pale rosefinch, Carpodacus stoliczkae
 * Great rosefinch, Carpodacus rubicilla
 * Himalayan white-browed rosefinch, Carpodacus thura
 * Eurasian bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
 * Asian crimson-winged finch, Rhodopechys sanguineus
 * Trumpeter finch, Bucanetes githagineus
 * Mongolian finch, Bucanetes mongolicus
 * Plain mountain finch, Leucosticte nemoricola
 * Brandt's mountain finch, Leucosticte brandti
 * Desert finch, Rhodospiza obsoleta
 * European greenfinch, Chloris chloris
 * Twite, Linaria flavirostris
 * Common linnet, Linaria cannabina
 * Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra (A)
 * European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis
 * Red-fronted serin, Serinus pusillus
 * Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus (A)

Old World buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.


 * Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala (A)
 * Red-headed bunting, Emberiza bruniceps
 * Corn bunting, Emberiza calandra
 * Chestnut-eared bunting, Emberiza fucata (A)
 * Rock bunting, Emberiza cia
 * White-capped bunting, Emberiza stewarti
 * Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella (A)
 * Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos
 * Gray-necked bunting, Emberiza buchanani
 * Ortolan, Emberiza hortulana
 * Striolated bunting, Emberiza striolata
 * Common reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus
 * Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla
 * Rustic bunting, Emberiza rustica