List of colonial and pre-Federal U.S. historical population

This is a list of colonial and pre-Federal U.S. historical population, as estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau based upon historical records and scholarship. The counts are for total population, including persons who were enslaved, but generally excluding Native Americans. According to the Census Bureau, these figures likely undercount enslaved people. Shaded blocks indicate periods before the colony was established or chartered, as well as times when it was part of another colony.