List of endemic species of Taiwan

The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan – that is, they naturally occur nowhere else on Earth.

Percentages of endemic species and subspecies in selected animal groups in Taiwan:

Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.

Endemic mammals

 * Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
 * Formosan black bear – Ursus thibetanus formosanus
 * Formosan ferret-badger – Melogale subaurantiaca (Swinhoe)
 * Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
 * Formosan boar – Sus scrofa taivanus
 * Formosan sika deer – Cervus nippon taiouanus
 * Taiwan serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
 * Order Eulipotyphla (shrews and kin)
 * Taiwanese mole shrew – Anourosorex yamashinai Kuroda
 * Tada's shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
 * Formosan shrew – Episoriculus fumidus Thomas
 * Koshun shrew – Chodsigoa sodalis Thomas
 * Kano's mole – Mogera kanoana Kawada et al.
 * Order Rodentia (rodents)
 * Formosan field vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
 * Spinous country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
 * Formosan white-bellied rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
 * Kikuchi's field vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
 * Formosan giant flying squirrel – Petaurista grandis (Swinhoe)
 * Taiwan red-and-white giant flying squirrel – Petaurista lena Thomas
 * Order Primate (primates)
 * Formosan macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
 * Order Chiroptera (bats)
 * Formosan long-eared bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
 * Long-toed myotis – Myotis secundus Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou
 * Reddish myotis – Myotis soror Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou
 * Formosan mouse-eared bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
 * Formosan broad-muzzled bat – Submyotodon latirostris Kishida
 * Bicolored tube-nosed bat – Murina bicolor Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee
 * Slender tube-nosed bat – Murina gracilis Kuo et al.
 * Formosan tube-nosed bat – Murina puta Kishida
 * Murina recondita Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2009
 * Yellow-necked bat – Thainycteris torquatus Gabor & Lee
 * Formosan leaf-nosed bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
 * Formosan greater horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
 * Formosan lesser horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen

Endemic birds
32 endemic bird species and another 52 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 686 bird species). The thirty-two endemic species make up about 4.6 % of all birds living in Taiwan.


 * Order Passeriformes (passerines and relatives)
 * Taiwan yellow tit – Machlolophus holsti
 * Chestnut-bellied tit – Sittiparus castaneoventris
 * White-whiskered laughingthrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
 * White-throated laughingthrush – Pterorhinus albogularis
 * Rusty laughingthrush – Pterorhinus poecilorhynchus
 * White-eared sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
 * Taiwan yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
 * Taiwan scimitar babbler – Pomatorhinus musicus
 * Black-necklaced scimitar babbler – Erythrogenys erythrocnemis
 * Taiwan cupwing – Pnoepyga formosana
 * Taiwan barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
 * Steere's liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
 * Morrison's fulvetta – Alcippe morrisonia
 * Taiwan blue magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
 * Styan's bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
 * Taiwan whistling thrush – Myophonus insularis Gould
 * Collared bush robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
 * White-browed bush robin – Tarsiger indicus
 * Taiwan bullfinch – Pyrrhula owstoni
 * Taiwan rosefinch – Carpodacus formosanus
 * Taiwan vivid niltava – Niltava vivida
 * Taiwan thrush – Turdus niveiceps
 * Taiwan shortwing – Brachypteryx goodfellowi
 * Taiwan fulvetta – Fulvetta formosana
 * Flamecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
 * Taiwan bush warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
 * Taiwan hwamei – Garrulax taewanus


 * Order Galliformes (chicken-like birds)
 * Taiwan partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
 * Taiwan bamboo partridge – Bambusicola sonorivox
 * Mikado pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilvie-Grant)
 * Swinhoe's pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)


 * Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
 * Taiwan barbet – Megalaima nuchalis

Endemic reptiles

 * Order Squamata (lizards and snakes)
 * Formosan smooth skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
 * Taiwan forest skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
 * Plestiodon leucostictus (Hikida, 1988)
 * Lanyu scaly-toed gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
 * Kikuchi's gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
 * Gekko guishanicus – Lin & Yao, 2016
 * Short-legged japalure – Diploderma brevipes Gressitt
 * Diploderma luei – Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998
 * Maki's japalura – Diploderma makii Ota
 * Swinhoe's japalura – Diploderma swinhonis Gunther
 * Formosan legless lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
 * Formosa grass lizard – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
 * Sauteri grass lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
 * Hsuehshan grass lizard – Takydromus hsuehshanensis Lin & Cheng
 * Stejneger's grass lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
 * Hengchun blind snake – Argyrophis koshunensis Oshima
 * Atayal slug-eating snake – Pareas atayal You, Poyarkov & Lin, 2015
 * Taiwan slug-eating snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
 * Formosa odd-scaled snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
 * Black odd-scaled snake – Achalinus niger Maki
 * Maki's keelback – Hebius miyajimae Maki
 * Swinhoe's grass snake – Rhabdophis swinhonis (Günther)
 * Formosa coral snake – Sinomicrurus sauteri (Steindachner)
 * Swinhoe's temperate Asian coralsnake – Sinomicrurus swinhoei (Van Dengurgh)
 * Taiwan pit viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima

Endemic amphibians

 * Order Anura (frogs and toads)
 * Central Formosa toad – Bufo bankorensis
 * Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad – Micryletta steinegeri
 * Swinhoe's brown frog – Odorrana swinhoana
 * Taipa frog – Rana longicrus
 * Sauter's brown frog – Rana sauteri
 * Ota's stream tree frog – Buergeria otai
 * Robust Buerger's frog – Buergeria robusta]]
 * Kurixalus berylliniris
 * Temple treefrog – Kurixalus idiootocus
 * Kurixalus wangi
 * Farmland green treefrog – Zhangixalus arvalis
 * Orange-belly treefrog – Zhangixalus aurantiventris
 * Moltrecht's green tree frog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
 * Emerald green treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
 * Taipei tree frog – Zhangixalus taipeianus
 * Order Urodela (salamanders and newts)
 * Alishan salamander – Hynobius arisanensis
 * Formosan salamander – Hynobius formosanus
 * Taiwan lesser salamander – Hynobius fuca
 * Nanhu salamander – Hynobius glacialis
 * Sonani's salamander – Hynobius sonani

Endemic freshwater fishes

 * Order Cypriniformes (minnows and carp)
 * Taitung river loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng & Shen
 * Formosan river loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
 * Shen's river loach – Hemimyzon sheni Chen & Fang
 * River loach – Formosania lacustris (Steindachner)
 * Pulin river loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
 * Metzia mesembrinum (Regan)
 * Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
 * Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
 * Lake Candidus dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
 * Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu & Nalbant
 * Taiwan ku fish – Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
 * Freshwater minnow – Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther
 * Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu & Nalbant
 * Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
 * Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
 * Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
 * Order Gobiiformes (gobies and their relatives)
 * Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
 * Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen)
 * Goby – Rhinogobius candidianus Regan
 * Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma & Chen
 * Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
 * Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma & Chen
 * Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen & Shao
 * Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen & Shao
 * Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen & Shao
 * Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee & Chang
 * Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller & Fang


 * Order Siluriformes (catfishes)
 * Formosan torrent catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
 * Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
 * Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan


 * Order Osmeriformes (smelts, galaxiids, and relatives)
 * Ariake icefish – Neosalanx acuticeps Regan (endangered)


 * Order Salmoniformes (salmons and trouts)
 * Formosan landlocked salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan & Oshima)

Endemic flora
Cultivated crops endemic to Taiwan:
 * Spodiopogon formosanus
 * Symplocos trichoclada