List of former sovereign states

A historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists sovereign states, countries, nations, or empires that ceased to exist as political entities sometime after 1453, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.

Criteria for inclusion
The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to that of the list of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood and either:
 * had de facto control over a territory, a population, a government, a capacity to enter into relations with other states, or
 * have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.

This is not a list for all variant governments of a state, nor is it a list of variations of countries' official long form name. For purposes of this list, the cutoff between medieval and early modern states is the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Ancient and medieval states

 * List of Copper Age states
 * List of Bronze Age states
 * List of Iron Age states
 * List of Classical Age states
 * List of states during Late Antiquity
 * List of states during the Middle Ages

Morocco (Maghreb al-Aqsa)

 * Marinid Sultanate (1244–1465)
 * Wattasid dynasty (1472–1549)
 * Saadi Sultanate (1510–1649)
 * Flag of the Republic of Salé (1624-1668).svg Republic of Salé (1627–1668)
 * 'Alawi dynasty (1631–1912)
 * Flag of the Republic of the Rif.svg Republic of the Rif (1921–1926)

Egypt, Sudan and Libya

 * [[File:The flag of the 'Kingdom of Dongola' (Makuria) in the "Book of all kingdoms" (C. 1350).svg|border|20x20px]] Makuria (5th century–1518)
 * Possible Flag of the Kingdom of Alodia (c. 1350).svg Alodia (6th century–1504)
 * Mameluke Flag.svg Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)
 * Flag of the Shilluk.svg Shilluk Kingdom (15th century–1861)
 * Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg Egypt Eyalet (1517–1867)
 * Kingdom of Fazughli (c. 1500–1685)
 * Royal Funj "wasm" (branding mark).png Sultanate of Sennar (1504–1821)
 * Flag of Darfur.svg Sultanate of Darfur (1603–1874/1898–1916)
 * Flag of the Mahdi movement in Sudan.svg Mahdist State (1885–1899)
 * Flag of the Tripolitanian Republic (Fictional).svg Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922)
 * Flag of Cyrenaica.svg Emirate of Cyrenaica (1949–1951)
 * Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971).svg United Arab Republic (1958–1971)

Algeria (Central Maghreb)

 * Hafsid Flag - Tunisia.svg Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574)
 * Flag of Béjaïa (14th century).svg Hafsid Emirate of Béjaïa (1285–1510)
 * Dz tlem2.png Kingdom of Tlemcen (1235–1556)
 * Flag of Kuku (West of Kabylia).png Kingdom of Kuku (1515–1638)
 * Drapeau Royaume Ait Abbas (Beni Abbès).svg Kingdom of Beni Abbas (1510–1871)
 * Sultanate of Tuggurt (1414–1871)
 * Regency of Algiers (1516–1830)
 * Flag of the Emirate of Mascara.svg Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847)

Comoro Islands

 * Flag of the Comoros (1975–1978).svg Ali Soilih Regime (1976–1978)
 * Flag of Anjouan (official).svg State of Anjouan (1997–2002), (2007–2008)

Madagascar

 * Flag of the Antankarana Kingdom.svg Kingdom of Antankarana – made a French protectorate in 1843, annexed in 1895
 * Flag of the Antongila Kingdom (1773-1786).svg Kingdom of Antongil (1773–1786)
 * Flag of the Boina Kingdom.svg Kingdom of Boina (c. 1690–1840)
 * Flag of the Menabe Kingdom.svg Kingdom of Menabe (c. 1685–1834)
 * Flag of the Merina Kingdom.svg Kingdom of Imerina (1540–1897)
 * Flag of the Tamatave Kingdom (1750-1819).svg Kingdom of Tamatave (1712–1828)
 * Flag of the Tanibe Kingdom (1822-1828).svg Kingdom of Tanibe (1822–1828)

Sub-Saharan Africa

 * Bornu flag.tif Bornu Empire (c. 1380–1893)
 * Flag of the Shilluk.svg Shilluk Kingdom (15th century–1861)
 * Wadai Empire (1501–1912)
 * Kingdom of Baguirmi (1480/1522–1897)

Horn of Africa

 * Medri Bahri (c. 1137–1879)
 * Ethiopian Empire (1270–1974)
 * Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate (1415–1559)
 * Red flag.svg Imamate of Aussa (16th century–1750)
 * Red flag.svg Aussa Sultanate (1734–1936)
 * Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate (1750–1884)
 * Habr Yunis Sultanate (c. 1769–1907)
 * Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg Ajuran Sultanate (13th century–17th century)
 * Red flag.svg Sultanate of Hobyo (1878–1925)
 * Red flag.svg Majeerteen Sultanate (c. 1800–1924)
 * Sultanate of the Geledi (17th century–1910)
 * Kingdom of Kaffa (c. 1390–1897)
 * Hadiya Sultanate (13th century–15th century)
 * Welayta Kingdom (c. 1250–1894)
 * Kingdom of Janjero (c.15th century–1894)
 * Kingdom of Gumma (c. 1770–1902)
 * Kingdom of Gomma (c. 1780–1886)
 * Kingdom of Gera (c. 1835–1887)
 * Kingdom of Jimma (1790–1932)
 * Ennarea (14th century–c. 1710)
 * Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (1801–1891)
 * Emirate of Harar (1647–1887)
 * 🇸🇴 State of Somaliland (1960)

Western Africa

 * Emirate of Trarza (1640–1902)
 * Emirate of Tagant
 * Emirate of Brakna
 * Mali Empire (c. 1230–1672)
 * Bamana Empire (1712–1861)
 * Khasso (17th century–19th century)
 * Sultanate of Agadez (1449–1900)
 * Songhai Empire (c. 1340–1591)
 * Mossi States
 * Gurunsi (c. 1870–1899)
 * Gwiriko Kingdom (1714–1897)
 * Liptako (1718–1897, fully disestablished 1963)
 * Tenkodogo (c. 1120–1897)
 * Wogodogo (1182?–1897)
 * Yatenga (?–1895)
 * Bilanga
 * Bilayanga
 * Bongandini
 * Con
 * Macakoali
 * Piela
 * Nungu (1204–1895)
 * Zabarma Emirate (1860–1897)
 * Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)
 * Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–1851)
 * Empire of Great Fulo (Denanke Kingdom) (1490–1776)
 * Imamate of Futa Toro (1725–1861)
 * Jolof Empire (1350–1549)
 * Kingdom of Jolof (1549–1875)
 * Kingdom of Sine (c. 1520–1867, fully disestablished 1969)
 * Kingdom of Saloum (1494–1864, fully disestablished 1969)
 * Kingdom of Baol (1555–1895)
 * Flag Of Cayor2.png Kingdom of Cayor (1549–1879)
 * Kingdom of Waalo (1287–1855)
 * Bundu (1690–1858)
 * Kaabu (1537–1867)
 * Flag of the Imamate of Futa Djallon (pre-1896).svg Imamate of Futa Jallon (1725–1912)
 * Toucouleur Empire (1861–1890)
 * Flag of the Wassoulou Empire.svg Wassoulou Empire (1878–1898)
 * Kong Empire (1710–1898)
 * Kingdom of Dagbon (c. 1250–1899?)
 * Flag of Ashanti.svg Ashanti Empire (1670/1701–1902)
 * Bonoman (11th century–20th century)
 * Gyaaman (c. 1450–1895)
 * Denkyira (c. 1500–1701)
 * Mankessim Kingdom (1252–1844)
 * Fante Confederacy (16th century–1873)
 * Kingdom of Whydah (c. 1580–1727)
 * Flag of Ghezo of Dahomey.svg Kingdom of Dahomey (c. 1600–1904)
 * Oyo Empire (c. 1300–1896)
 * Kingdom of Benin (1180–1897)
 * Kingdom of Nri (10th century?–1911)
 * Flag of the Aro Confederacy.svg Aro Confederacy (1690–1902)
 * Kwararafa (c. 1500)
 * 🇧🇫 Thomas Sankara's Burkina Faso government (1984–1987)
 * People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea (1979–1984)
 * Flag of the Republic of Maryland.svg Republic of Maryland (1854–1857)
 * Flag of Benin.svg Republic of Dahomey (1958–1975)
 * Flag of the Republic of Benin.svg Republic of Benin (September 19, 1967 – September 20, 1967)
 * Flag of Biafra.svg Biafra (1967–1970)

African Great Lakes

 * Flag of Buganda (1892).svg Buganda (14th century–1894, still exists as traditional kingdom)
 * Flag of Bunyoro, Uganda.svg Bunyoro (13th century–1897, still exists as traditional kingdom)
 * Flag of Ankole.svg Ankole (1478–1901, fully disestablished 1967)
 * Flag of Toro, Uganda.svg Toro Kingdom (1830–1876, still exists as traditional kingdom)
 * Flag of Busoga (royal standard).png Busoga (?–1906, still exists as traditional kingdom)
 * Kingdom of Rwanda (11th century–1885, fully disestablished 1962)
 * Flag of Burundi (1962–1966).svg Kingdom of Burundi (1680–1890/1962–1966)
 * Kingdom of Karagwe (1450–1963)

Eastern Africa

 * Pate Sultanate (1203–1870)
 * Malindi Kingdom (9th century–15th century)
 * Mombasa Sultanate (1502–1887, fully disestablished 1963)
 * Flag of the Witu Protectorate (1893-1920).svg Witu Sultanate (c. 1810–1905/1923)
 * Kilwa Sultanate (957–1513)
 * Kingdom of Maravi (c. 1480–1891)
 * Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963).svg Sultanate of Zanzibar (pre–1503/4, 1856–1890, 1963–1964)
 * Flag of Zanzibar (January-April 1964).svg People's Republic of Zanzibar (1964)
 * Flag of Tanganyika (1961–1964).svg Tanganyika (1961–1964)

Central Africa

 * Flag of the Kingdom of Loango.svg Kingdom of Loango (c. 1550)
 * Yaka Kingdom (17th century–18th century)
 * Anziku Kingdom (?–19th century)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg Kingdom of Kongo (1390–1914)
 * Kuba Kingdom (1625–1884)
 * Kingdom of Luba (1585–1889)
 * Kingdom of Lunda (c. 1600–1887)
 * Yeke Kingdom (1856–1891)
 * Kingdom of Ndongo (16th century–1671)
 * Kasanje Kingdom (1620–1910)
 * Kingdom of Matamba (1631–1744)
 * Mbunda Kingdom (1700–1914)
 * Chokwe Kingdom
 * Kazembe Kingdom (c. 1740–1894)
 * International Association of the Congo (1879–1885)
 * Flag of Congo Free State.svg Congo Free State (1885–1908)
 * Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg Republic of Zaire (1971–1997)

Southern Africa

 * Kingdom of Barotseland (19th century)
 * Coat of arms granted in 1569 by the King of Portugal to Monomatapa.svg Kingdom of Mutapa (1430–1760)
 * Kingdom of Zimbabwe (1220–1450)
 * Kingdom of Butua (1450–c. 1683)
 * Rozvi Empire (1660–1889)
 * Kingdom of Mthwakazi (1823–1894)
 * Ndebele Kingdom
 * Gaza Empire (1824–1895)
 * Mthethwa Empire (c. 1780–1817)
 * Mixed flag of Republic of Swellendam.png Swellendam (1795)
 * Mixed flag of Republic of Graaff-Reinet.png Graaff-Reinet (1795–1796)
 * Zulu Kingdom (1816–1897)
 * Flag of Transvaal.svg South African Republic (Transvaal) (1852–1877, 1881–1902)
 * Flag of the Orange Free State.svg Orange Free State (1854–1902)
 * FlagGriekwalandEast.svg Griqualand East (1862–1874)
 * Flag of Nieuwe Republiek.svg Nieuwe Republiek (1884–1888)
 * Flag of Natalia Republic.svg Natalia Republic (1839–1843)
 * Flag of the Republic of Goshen.svg State of Goshen (1882–1883)
 * Flag of Stellaland.svg Republic of Stellaland (1882–1885)
 * Flag of Stellaland (1883-5).svg United States of Stellaland (1883–1885)
 * Flag of Germany (1867–1919).svg Republic of Upingtonia (1885–1887)
 * Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg Union of South Africa (1910–1961)
 * Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg Bophuthatswana (1977–1994)
 * Flag of Ciskei.svg Ciskei (1981–1994)
 * Flag of Transkei.svg Transkei (1976–1994)
 * Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg Venda (1979–1994)
 * undefined (1965–1979)
 * undefined (1979)
 * Natal (1843—1910)

Central Asia

 * Chagatai Khanate (1225–1680)
 * Kart dynasty (1244–1381)
 * Uzbek Khanate (1428–1471)
 * Nogai Horde (1440–1634)
 * Kazakh Khanate (1465–1848)
 * Khanate of Bukhara (1506–1785)
 * Dzungar Khanate (1634–1755)
 * Khanate of Kokand (1709–1868)
 * Emirate of Bukhara (1785–1873)
 * Alash Autonomy (1917–1918)
 * Turkestan Autonomy (1917–1918)
 * Khanate of Khiva (1511–1920)
 * Confederated Republic of Altai (1918–1920)
 * Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
 * Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
 * First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934)
 * Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949)

East Asia

 * Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)
 * Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China (based on mainland China 1912–1949; continued existence on Taiwan since 1949)
 * People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China (1933–1934)
 * Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)
 * [[File:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|20x20px]] Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Wang Jingwei Regime) (1940–1945)
 * Flag of China (1912–1928).svg Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)
 * Flag of China (1912–1928).svg East Hebei Autonomous Government (1935–1938)
 * Flag of Formosa 1895.svg Republic of Formosa (1895)
 * 大漢旗.svg Great Han Sichuan Military Government[zh] (1911–1912)
 * Guangzhou Commune (1927)
 * Hunan Soviet (1927)
 * National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Hunan Soviet in a continental Chinese province (1927)
 * Flag of Inner-Mongolian Autonomous Government.svg Inner Mongolian People's Republic (1945)
 * POL COA Gryf.svg Jaxa (1665–1674)
 * Chinese soviet flag.svg Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet (1931–1934)
 * National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Jiangxi Soviet (1931–1937)
 * Flag of Manchukuo.svg Manchukuo (1932–1945)
 * Flag of the Mengjiang.svg Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (1939–1945)
 * Seal of Ming dynasty.svg Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and the Southern Ming (1644–1662)
 * Flag of China (1889–1912).svg Qing dynasty (1644–1912)
 * Flag of Ryukyu.svg Ryukyu Kingdom (1429–1879)
 * Flag of the Dadao Municipal Government of Shanghai.svg Shanghai Great Way Government (1937–1938)
 * Shun dynasty (1644–1646)
 * Soviet Zone of China (1927–1949)
 * Seal of the Taiping heavenly kingdom.svg Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1864)
 * Tibetan snow leopard.svg Tibet under Ganden Phodrang government (1644–1720)
 * Flag of Tibet.svg Tibet (1912–1951)
 * Tibetan snow leopard.svg Tibetan states (900–1240, 1300–1620)
 * Flag of Ming Cheng.svg Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683)
 * Flag of the Tuvan People%27s Republic (1933-1939).svg Tuvan People's Republic (1921–1944)
 * Uryankhay Republic (1911–1914)
 * Flag of Uriankhai (1918-1921).svg Uryankhay Krai (1914)
 * Xi dynasty (1643–1647)
 * Imperial Seal of the Mongols 1246.svg Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) and the Northern Yuan (1368–1635)

Japanese Archipelago

 * Flag of Allied Occupied Japan.svg Allied Occupied Japan (1945–1952)
 * Ashikaga mon.svg Ashikaga shogunate (1336–1573)
 * Oda ka (No background and Black color drawing).svg Azuchi–Momoyama (1568–1600)
 * Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg Empire of Japan (1868–1947)
 * Seal of Ezo.svg Republic of Ezo (1869)
 * Mitsubaaoi.svg Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868)

Korean Peninsula

 * Flag of the king of Joseon.svg Joseon (1392–1897)
 * Flag of Korea (1899).svg Korean Empire (1897–1910)
 * Korean People's Association in Manchuria (1929–1931)
 * Flag_of_the_People%27s_Committee_of_Korea.svg People's Republic of Korea (1945–1946)

Afghanistan

 * Black flag.svg Hotak dynasty (1709–1738)
 * Flag of Herat until 1842.svg Durrani Empire (1747–1826)
 * Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan (1996)
 * Islamic Emirate of Kunar (1991)

Balochistan

 * Khanate of Kalat (1666–1736, 1747–1749, 1758–1955)
 * Flag of Herat until 1842.svg Durrani Empire (1749–1758)
 * Flag of Herat until 1842.svg Durrani Empire (1749–1758)

Anatolia

 * Candar.svg Beylik of Candar (1292–1461)
 * Flag of the Afshar Tribe.svg Alaiye (1293–1471)
 * Beylik of Bafra (14th century–1460)
 * Komnenos-Trebizond-Arms.svg Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461)
 * Beylik of Alaiye (1293–1471)
 * Beylik of Karaman (1250–1487)
 * Beylik of Dulkadir (1337–1522)
 * Ramadanid Emirate (1352–1608)
 * Aq Qoyunlu (1378–1501)
 * Kara Koyunlu (1374–1468)
 * Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524)
 * Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg Kars Republic (1918–1919)
 * Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–1923)

Cyprus

 * Stemma reale di Giano di Cipro.svg Kingdom of Cyprus (1192–1489)
 * 🇹🇷 Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (1975–1983)

Mesopotamia

 * Flag of Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922-1924).svg Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922–1924)
 * Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg All-Palestine Government (1948–1967)
 * Flag of the Arab Federation.svg Arab Federation (1958)

Persia / Iran

 * Kar-Kiya dynasty (1370s–1592)
 * Baduspanids (665–1598)
 * Marashiyan dynasty (1359–1596)
 * Afrasiyab dynasty (1349–1504)
 * Mihrabanid dynasty (1236–1537)
 * Timurid.svg Iran-u-Turan (Timurid) (1370–1507)
 * Safavid Flag.svg The Expansive Realm of Iran(Safavid dynasty) (1501–1736)
 * Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg Guarded Domains of Iran(Afsharid dynasty) (1736–1796)
 * Zand Dynasty flag.svg Guarded Domains of Iran(Zand dynasty) (1751–1794)
 * State flag of Persia (1907–1933).svg Sublime State of Persia/Iran (1794–1925)
 * State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg Imperial State of Persia / Iran (1925–1979)
 * Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg Persian Soviet Socialist Republic in Gilan (Iran) (1920–1921)
 * Azerbaijan people's government flag.svg Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946)
 * Flag of Mahabad (1946–1947).png Republic of Mahabad (1946)
 * 🇷🇺 Military Dictatorship of Mughan (1918–1919)

Levant

 * Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)
 * United Arab Republic (1958–1971)
 * Free Lebanon State (1979–1984)
 * AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Islamic State (2014–2017)

Arabian Peninsula

 * Flag of Kuwait 1940-1961.png Sheikhdom of Kuwait (1613–1961)
 * Flag of Bani Khalid Emirate.svg Bani Khalid Emirate (1669–1796)
 * Flag of the 1st and 2nd Saudi State.svg Emirate of Diriyah (1744–1812)
 * Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg Emirate of Nejd (1812–1891)
 * Flag of Muscat.svg Muscat and Oman (1820–1970)
 * Flag of the Emirate of Ha%27il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921)
 * Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg Emirate of Riyadh (1902–1913)
 * Flag of the Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909-1927).svg Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1906–1934)
 * Flag of Upper Asir.svg Sheikdom of Upper Asir (1916–1920)
 * Flag of the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa.svg Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1913–1921)
 * Flag of the Sultanate of Nejd.svg Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1925)
 * Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.svg Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932)
 * Flag of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.svg Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970)
 * Flag of South Yemen.svg People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990)
 * Flag of North Yemen.svg Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)
 * Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg Fadhli Sultanate (15th century–1888)
 * Flag of Quaiti Hadramaut.svg Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut (1858–1888)
 * Flag of the State of Upper Yafa.svg Sultanate of Upper Yafa (1800–1903)
 * Flag of Lower Yafa.svg Sultanate of Lower Yafa (1800–1895)
 * Flag of Beihan.svg Emirate of Beihan (1680–1872)
 * Flag of Dhala.svg Emirate of Dhala (15th century–1904)
 * Flag of Wahidi Balhaf.svg Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf (1640–1888)
 * Flag of Wahidi Haban.svg Wahidi Sultanate of Haban (1640–1895)
 * Kathiri flag.svg Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut (14th century–1888)
 * Mahraflag.svg Mahra State of Qishn and Socotra (1432–1886)
 * Flag of the Sultanate of Lahej.svg Sultanate of Lahej (1728–1839)
 * Flag of the Federation of South Arabia.svg Federation of South Arabia (1962–1967)
 * Flag of Kuwait.svg Republic of Kuwait (1990)

South Asia

 * Flag of the Princely State of Tehri Garhwal.svg Garhwal Kingdom (823–1949)
 * Cochin flag.svg Kingdom of Cochin (Before 12th century CE–1949)
 * Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)
 * Sur Empire (1540–1556)
 * Laur Kingdom (600–1565)
 * Bengal Sultanate Flag.gif Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576)
 * Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479)
 * Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg Kingdom of Mysore (1399–1948)
 * Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi dynasty, 1490–1686)
 * Pratapgarh Kingdom (1489–1700s)
 * Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg Bengal Subah (1717–1757)
 * Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg Maratha Confederacy (1674–1820)
 * Jaintia Kingdom (500–1835)
 * Sikh Empire Flag.png Sikh Empire (1799–1849)
 * Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg Mughal Empire (1526–1857)
 * 1931 Flag of India.svg Provisional Government of Free India (1943–1945)
 * Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svg Hyderabad State (1724–1798)
 * Flag of Kingdom of Travancore.svg Travancore (1729–1949)
 * Insignia of Mewar, inside the City Palace, Udaipur.jpg Udaipur State (734–1818)
 * Unofficial flag of Tripura.png Manikya dynasty (1400–1761)
 * Flag of the United Suvadive Republic.svg United Suvadive Republic (1959–1963)
 * Flag of the Sultan of The Maldives.svg Sultanate of Maldives (1117–1796), (1954–1968)
 * Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975).svg Sikkim (1642–1975)

Southeast Asia

 * Flag of Cambodia (pre-1863).svg Kingdom of Cambodia (1431–1863)
 * Flag of Cambodia (1863–1948).svg Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)
 * In Laos:
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707-1893).svg Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707–1893)
 * Kingdom of Vientiane (1707–1828)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Champasak (1713-1947).svg Kingdom of Champasak (1713–1904)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1945).svg Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1945)
 * Flag of Laos.svg Lao Issara (1945–1946)
 * In Vietnam:
 * Champa kingdom (192–1832)
 * Đại Việt (968–1407/1428–1804)
 * Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet (1930–1931)
 * Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (1945).svg Empire of Vietnam (1945)
 * Flag of Vietnam.svg Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) (1945–1976)
 * Flag of Republic of Cochinchina.svg Republic of Cochinchina (1946–1949)
 * Flag of South Vietnam.svg Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948–1949)
 * Flag of South Vietnam.svg State of Vietnam (known as South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference of 1954) (1949–1955)
 * Flag of South Vietnam.svg Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) (1955–1975)
 * FNL Flag.svg Republic of South Vietnam (1975–1976)
 * In Myanmar (Burma):
 * Mon kingdoms (9th–11th, 13th–16th, 18th centuries)
 * Golden Hintar flag of Burma.svg Hanthawaddy Kingdom (1287–1552)
 * Ava (1364–1555)
 * Pegu (1287–1539, 1747–1757)
 * Kingdom of Mrauk U (1429–1785)
 * Flag of the Alaungpaya Dynasty of Myanmar.svg Taungoo dynasty (1486–1752, 2nd Empire)
 * National flag of Third Burmese Empire (Konbaung Dynasty).svg Konbaung dynasty (1752–1885, 3rd Empire)
 * Flag of the Shan State.svg Shan States (1287–1557)
 * Arakan (1287–1784)
 * Flag of Burma 1943.svg State of Burma (1943–1945)
 * In Thailand:
 * Langkasuka (2nd–15th century)
 * Sultanate of Singora (1605–1680)
 * Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg Ayutthaya Kingdom (1350–1767)
 * Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782)
 * Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom (13th century–1782)
 * Lan Na (1292–1775)
 * Kingdom of Chiang Mai (1782–1894)
 * Flag of Patani Kingdom (until 1816).svg Pattani kingdom (1516–1902)
 * Flag of Kedah (18th century - 1821).svg Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (1808–1916)
 * Flag of Thailand.svg Kingdom of Siam (1782–1932)
 * In Indonesia:
 * Flag of Indonesia.svg Republic of Indonesia (1945–1949)
 * Flag of Indonesia.svg United States of Indonesia (1949–1950)
 * Flag of the State of East Indonesia.svg State of East Indonesia (1946–1950)
 * Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg State of East Java (1948–1950)
 * Flag of East Sumatra.svg State of East Sumatra (1947–1950)
 * Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg State of Madura (1948–1950)
 * Flag of Pasundan.svg State of Pasundan (1948–1950)
 * Flag of South Sumatra.svg State of South Sumatra (1948–1950)
 * Flag of Dayak Besar.svg Great Dayak (1946–1950)
 * Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg West Kalimantan (1946–1950)
 * In Sumatra:
 * Flag of the Aceh Sultanate.png Sultanate of Aceh (1496–1903)
 * Flag of Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura.svg Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura
 * Jambi Sultanate (? – late 19th century)
 * Palembang Sultanate (1659–1823)
 * Flag of the Sultanate of Deli.svg Sultanate of Deli (1609–1862, fully disestablished 1956)
 * Flag of Sultanate of Langkat.svg Sultanate of Langkat (1568–1946)
 * Royal Malay Banner (Yellow).svg Sultanate of Serdang (1723–1946)
 * In Java:
 * Flag of the Majapahit Empire.svg Majapahit (1293–1527)
 * Flag of the Mataram Sultanate.svg Sultanate of Mataram (1588–1681)
 * Flag of the Sultanate of Banten.svg Sultanate of Banten (1527–1813)
 * COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Katoenen banier met Arabische kalligrafie TMnr 5663-1.svg Sultanate of Cirebon (1445–1677)
 * Sultanate of Demak (1475–1548)
 * Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1586)
 * In Lesser Sunda Islands
 * Old Flag of Bali.svg Bali Kingdoms (914–1908)
 * Bendera Kesultanan Bima.png Bima Sultanate (1620–1669, fully disestablished 1958)
 * Kingdom of Larantuka (1515–1904)
 * In Sulawesi:
 * Kingdom of Banggai (? – 1907)
 * Flag of the Sultanate of Gowa.svg Sultanate of Gowa (14th century–1911, fully disestablished 1945)
 * Bendera Kesultanan Bone.png Sultanate of Bone (14th century – 1905)
 * Kingdom of Wajoq (c. 1400–1906, fully disestablished 1957)
 * In Maluku:
 * Bendera Ternate - Almulk Buldan Ternate.svg Sultanate of Ternate (1257–1914)
 * In Borneo:
 * Old Flag of Brunei.svg Bruneian Empire (1368–1888)
 * Sambas Sultanate (1609–1819, fully disestablished 1956)
 * Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg Pontianak Sultanate (1771–1779)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg Kingdom of Sarawak (1841–1888)
 * Berau Sultanate
 * Flag of Bulungan.svg Sultanate of Bulungan (1731–c. 1880, fully disestablished 1964)
 * Kingdom of Kutai Martadipura (399–1635)
 * Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara (1300–1844)
 * Banjar Sultanate Flag.svg Sultanate of Banjar (1526–1860)
 * Lanfang Republic Reconstructed Flag.svg Lanfang Republic (1777–1884)
 * In Riau Islands:
 * Flag of Riau-Lingga Sultanate.svg Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1824–1911)
 * In Malaysia:
 * Sultanate of Malacca (1400–1511)
 * Johor Sultanate (1528–1855)
 * Pahang Sultanate (1470–1623)
 * Flag of Pahang (1853 - 1887).svg Pahang Kingdom (1770–1881)
 * Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895–1946).svg Malayan Union (1946–1948)
 * Flag of Malaya.svg Federation of Malaya (1957–1963)
 * In the Philippines
 * Flag of Maguindanao.svg Sultanate of Maguindanao (1500–1888)
 * Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu.svg Sultanate of Sulu (1405–1915)
 * Flag of Negros Republic.svg Republic of Negros (1898–1899)
 * Negrense revolution banner.svg Cantonal Government of Negros (1898–1901)
 * Flag of the Sovereign Tagalog Nation.svg Tejeros Revolutionary Government (1897)
 * Battle Flag of Tagalog Republic.svg Sovereign Tagalog Nation (1896–1897)
 * Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg First Philippine Republic (1899–1902)
 * Flag of the Katagalugan Republic.svg Tagalog Republic (1902–1906)
 * Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg Second Philippine Republic (1943–1945)

Nordic countries
In the Nordic countries, unions were personal, not unitary
 * Icelandic Commonwealth (c. 930–1262)
 * Kingdom of Finland (1742–1743)
 * Flag of Finland (1918–1920).svg Kingdom of Finland (1918–1919)
 * Socialist red flag.svg Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (1918–1919)
 * Union Jack of Sweden and Norway (1844-1905).svg United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905)
 * Flag of Norway (1814–1821).svg Kingdom of Norway (1814)
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark–Norway (1524–1814, intermittent)
 * Kalmar Union (1397–1523, intermittent)
 * Flag of Schleswig.svg Schleswig (1058–1864)

Modern France

 * Pavillon royal de la France.svg Kingdom of France (843–1792) (1814/15–1848)
 * Drapeau de la province de Bretagne (1532).svg Duchy of Brittany (939–1532)
 * Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg Duchy of Burgundy (918–1482)
 * Flag of France.svg French Empire (1804-1814/15) (1852–1870)
 * Flag of France.svg First French Empire (1804–1814/15)
 * Flag of France.svg Second French Empire (1852–1870)
 * Vexillum Willelmi Ducis.svg Duchy of Normandy (911–1259/1469)
 * Flag of Lorraine.svg Duchy of Lorraine (959–1766)
 * Flag of Béarn.svg Viscounty of Béarn (9th century–1620)
 * Gdansk flag.svg Free City of Danzig (1807–1814)
 * Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815)
 * Flag_of_Saar_1920-1935.svg Territory of the Saar Basin (1920–1935)
 * Flag of Philippe Pétain, Chief of State of Vichy France.svg Vichy France (1940–1944)
 * Flag of Saar (1947–1956).svg Saar Protectorate (1946–1956)
 * Flag of Corsica.svg Kingdom of Corsica (1736)
 * Flag of Corsica.svg Corsican Republic (1755–1769)
 * Flag of Corsica.svg Anglo-Corsican Kingdom (1794–1796)
 * Flag of the County of Foix.svg County of Foix (1010–1607)
 * Flag of the Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848-1849).svg Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848–1849)

Modern Germany

 * Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Holy Roman Empire (843–1806)
 * Commemorative Medal of the Rhine Confederation.svg Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813)
 * Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Duchy of Anhalt (1806–1918)
 * Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg Principality of Reuss-Gera (1806–1918)
 * Banner of the Electorate of Mainz.svg Grand Duchy of Frankfurt (1810–1813)
 * War ensign of the German Empire Navy 1848-1852.svg German Confederation (1815–1866)
 * Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg German Empire (1848–1849)
 * Flag of the German Empire.svg North German Federation (1867–1871)
 * Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire (1871–1918)
 * West Berlin (1948–1990), Western Bloc-aligned political enclave.
 * Flag of East Germany.svg German Democratic Republic (1949–1990) (also known as East Germany or GDR), its states acceded to Federal Republic of Germany in 1990.
 * Flag of the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.svg Alsace Soviet Republic (1918)
 * Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1891–1918).svg Baden (Grand Duchy – 1806–1871)
 * Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Kingdom of Bavaria (1806–1871)
 * Socialist red flag.svg Bavarian Soviet Republic (1919)
 * Flag of Bremen.svg Bremen (1815–1871)
 * Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig (1814-1830).svg Brunswick (1815–1871)
 * Flag of the Free City of Frankfurt.svg Frankfurt (Free Imperial City of Frankfurt (HRE), before 1806; City of Frankfurt, 1815–1866)
 * Flag of Hamburg.svg Hamburg (1189–1871)
 * Flag of Hanover 1837-1866.svg Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866)
 * Hessen HG flag.svg Hesse-Homburg (1815–1866)
 * Flag of Hesse.svg Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (Electorate, 1803–1807, 1813–1866)
 * Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1623–1850)
 * Flag of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Sigmaringen.png Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1623–1850)
 * Holstein Arms.svg Holstein (1815–1864)
 * Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg Lippe (1123–1871)
 * Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Lübeck (Free city 1226–1871)
 * Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815–1871)
 * Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1815–1871)
 * Flagge Herzogtum Nassau (1806-1866).svg Nassau (1806–1866)
 * Flag of Oldenburg (Scandinavian Cross).svg Oldenburg (1815–1871)
 * Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg Pomerania (1121–1637)
 * Flag of Prussia (1892-1918).svg Prussia (1525–1871)
 * Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg Duchy of Prussia (1525–1618)
 * Flag of Brandenburg (1660–1750).svg Brandenburg-Prussia (1618–1701)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1871)
 * Arms of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz.svg Reuss (1010–1806)
 * Flag of Saxe-Altenburg (1893-1918).svg Saxe-Altenburg (1602–1871)
 * Banner of Saxony (1%5E1).svg Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1735–1826)
 * Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1911-1920).svg Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1871)
 * Banner of Saxony (1%5E1).svg Saxe-Gotha (1640–1680)
 * Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg Saxe-Hildburghausen (1680–1826)
 * Flag of Lauenburg.svg Saxe-Lauenburg (or Duchy of Lauenburg) (1296–1871)
 * Saxe- Meiningen.png Saxe-Meiningen (1680–1871)
 * Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1897-1920).svg Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1809–1871)
 * Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg Saxony (kingdom) – 1806–1871)
 * Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Schaumburg-Lippe (1647–1871)
 * Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1599–1871)
 * Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1599–1871)
 * 🇩🇪 Waldeck (1180–1871)
 * Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Württemberg (kingdom) – 1806–1871)


 * Flag of the Free State of Bottleneck.svg Free State of Bottleneck (1919–1923)

Austria

 * Archduchy of Austria (1453–1804, 1867–1918)
 * County of Tyrol (1140–1919)
 * Duchy of Styria (1180–1918)
 * Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (1328–1803)
 * Republic of German-Austria (1918–1919)
 * Austrian Empire (1804–1867)

Switzerland

 * Early Swiss cross.svg Old Swiss Confederacy (1300–1798)
 * Flag of the Helvetic Republic (French).svg Helvetic Republic (1798–1803)
 * Flag of Canton of Valais (1802–1815).svg Rhodanic Republic (1802–1810)

Italy

 * Flag of the Repubblica Cremasca.svg Republic of Crema (1797)
 * Flag of the Republic of Alba.svg Republic of Alba (1796)
 * Flag of the Republic of Ancona (c. 1177-1532).svg Republic of Ancona (c. 1000–1532)
 * State Flag of the Republic of Florence.svg Republic of Florence (1115–1569)
 * Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg Kingdom of Naples (1282–1816)
 * Flag of Duchy of Urbino.svg Duchy of Urbino (1443–1625)
 * Flag of the Repubblica Anconitana.svg Anconine Republic (1797–1798)
 * Flag of the Giudicato of Arborea.svg Judicate of Arborea (9th century–1420)
 * Etrurian Kingdom and War Flag with Great Royal Coat of Arms.svg Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807)
 * Flag of Italy.svg United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860)
 * Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802)
 * Flag of the Cispadane Republic.svg Cispadane Republic (1796–1797)
 * Flag of Cospaia.svg Republic of Cospaia (1440–1826)
 * Bandiera Elba.svg Principality of Elba (Elba) (1814–1815)
 * Etrurian Kingdom and War Flag with Great Royal Coat of Arms.svg Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807)
 * Flag of the Marquisate of Finale (12th century-1602).svg Marquisate of Finale (967–1602)
 * Regency of Carnaro (1919–1920)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Gozitan Nation (1798–1801)
 * Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg Italian Republic (Napoleonic) (1802–1805)
 * Flag of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.svg Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) (1805–1814)
 * Flag of Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia.svg Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1815–1866)
 * Flag of the Duchy of Lucca.svg Duchy of Lucca (1815–1847)
 * Flag of the Principality of Lucca (1805-1809).svg Principality of Lucca and Piombino (1805–1814)
 * Flag of Lucca (1799-1801).svg Republic of Lucca (1160–1805)
 * Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta (1530–1798)
 * Mantua Flag 1575-1707 (new).svg Duchy of Mantua (1273–1707)
 * Flag of Massa and Carrara.png Duchy of Massa and Carrara (1473–1829)
 * Flag of the Duchy of Milan (1450).svg Duchy of Milan (1395–1797)
 * Flag of Augusto Anfossi.svg Provisional Government of Milan (1848)
 * Flag of the Duchy of Modena.svg Duchy of Modena (1452–1796, 1815–1859)
 * Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg Kingdom of Naples (1285–1816)
 * Flag of the Republic of Noli.svg Republic of Noli (1192–1797)
 * Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg Duchy of Parma (1545–1859)
 * Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg Papal States (752–1870)
 * Flag of the Republic of Pisa.svg Republic of Pisa (c. 1000–1406)
 * Flag of the Roman Republic (19th century).svg Roman Republic (19th century) (1849)
 * Flag of Kingdom of Sardinia (1848).svg Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)
 * Flag of the Republic of San Marco.svg Republic of San Marco (1848–1849)
 * Republic of Senarica (1343–1797)
 * Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg Kingdom of Sicily (1130–1816)
 * Flag of Sicilian Kingdom 1848.svg Kingdom of Sicily (1848)
 * 🇮🇹 Transpadane Republic (1796–1797)
 * Flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1840).svg Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1801, 1815–1859)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1815–1860)
 * Flag of Republic of Venice.svg Republic of Venice (697–1797)
 * Flag of Genoa.svg Republic of Genoa (1095–1797)
 * Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
 * Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg Italian governorate of Montenegro (1941–1943)
 * Flag of Tavolara.svg Kingdom of Tavolara (1836–1934)
 * Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954)
 * Rose Island Flag.svg Republic of Rose Island (1968–1969)

Modern United Kingdom

 * Flag of Gwynedd.svg Kingdom of Gwynedd (450–1216)
 * Flag of Powys.svg Kingdom of Powys (5th century–1160)
 * Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg Kingdom of Scotland (843–1707)
 * Flag of England.svg England (927–1707)
 * Royal Banner of England.svg Angevin Empire (1154–1214)
 * Banner of Llywelyn.svg Principality of Wales (1216–1536)
 * Flag of The Commonwealth.svg Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and (1659–1660)
 * Standard of Oliver Cromwell (1653–1659).svg The Protectorate (1653–1659)
 * Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800)
 * Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)

Ireland

 * Fitzpatrick of Ossary.svg Osraige (150–1541)
 * Airgíalla (331–1585)
 * O%27Kelly.png Uí Maine (c. 357–1611)
 * Ailech (450–1617)
 * Royal Banner of O%27Donnell (Tyrconnell).png Tyrconnell (5th century–1607)
 * O%27Neill Tyrone.png Tír Eoghain (5th century–1607)
 * Maguire.png Fermanagh (10th century–1607)
 * Magh Luirg (c. 956–1585)
 * Green harp flag of Ireland.svg Republic of Connacht
 * Sword of Nuada.png Thomond (1118–1543)
 * MacCarthy.svg Kingdom of Desmond (1118–1596)
 * Banner of the Lordship of Ireland.svg Lordship of Ireland (1171–1542)
 * O%27Neill of Clanaboy.png Clandeboye (1283–1605)
 * Kingdom of Uí Failghe (Unknown–1550)
 * Flag of Leinster.svg Kingdom of Leinster
 * Flag of Connacht.svg Kingdom of Connacht
 * Saint Patrick's Saltire.svg Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1801)
 * Green harp flag of Ireland 17th century.svg Irish Catholic Confederation (1641–1649)
 * Flag of Connacht.svg Republic of Connacht (1798)
 * Irish soviets (1919–1922)
 * Limerick Soviet (1919)

Benelux

 * LuikVlag.svg Prince-Bishopric of Liège (972–1795) annexed by France in 1795.
 * Banner of the Duchy of Brabant.svg Duchy of Brabant (1183–1794)
 * Flag of Bouillon.svg Duchy of Bouillon (1456? – 1794)
 * Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg United Belgian States (1789–1790)
 * Statenvlag.svg Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795) (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën) Independence from Spain after Eighty Years' War in 1581, conquered by France 1795.
 * Flag of the Batavian Republic.svg Batavian Republic (1795–1806) (Bataafse Republiek) France's vassal state.
 * Flag of the Netherlands.svg Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) (Koninkrijk Holland/Royaume d'Hollande) Ruled by Louis Bonaparte, annexed by France 1810.
 * Flag of the Netherlands.svg Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815)
 * Flag of the Netherlands.svg United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)
 * Flag of Moresnet.svg Neutral Moresnet (1816–1920)

Poland

 * Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg Duchy of Pomerania (1121–1160, 1264–1295, 1478–1531, 1625–1637)
 * Demmin Principality (1160–1264)
 * Szczecin Principality (1160–1264, 1295–1523)
 * Terra Bernstein - Pommern-Wolgast COA.svg Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast (1295–1478)
 * Chorągiew księcia mazowieckiego Siemowita.svg Duchy of Masovia (1138–1275, 1294–1310, 1370–1381, 1495–1526)
 * Grunwald Słupsk i Szczecin.svg Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp (1368–1478)
 * Duchy of Pomerania-Neustettin (1368–1390)
 * POL województwo krakowskie IRP COA.svg Duchy of Kraków (1227–1320)
 * Alex K Halych.svg Principality of Halych (1110–1339)
 * Alex K Halych-Volhynia-flag.svg Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (1199–1349)
 * POL województwo śląskie COA.svg Duchy of Bytom (1281–1498)
 * Banner of the Duchy of Silesia.svg Duchy of Silesia (1138–1335)
 * POL województwo śląskie flag formal.svg Duchy of Opole (1172–1202, 1281–1532)
 * POL województwo śląskie II RP COA.svg Duchy of Racibórz (1172–1202, 1281–1521)
 * POL województwo opolskie COA alt.svg Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (1202–1281, 1521–1532, 1551–1556)
 * POL województwo brzeskokujawskie IRP COA.svg Duchy of Inowrocław (1267–1364)
 * Flag of Cieszyn Silesia.svg Duchy of Teschen (1281–1918)
 * Duchy of Poland (966–1025, 1031–1076, 1079–1138, 1138–1227)
 * Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg Kingdom of Poland (1025–1031, 1076–1079, 1295–1296, 1300–1320)
 * Banner of the Kingdom of Poland.svg United Kingdom of Poland (1320–1386)
 * Flaga Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodow ogolna.svg Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
 * Banner of Sigismund III Vasa.svg Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (1386–1795)
 * Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1236–1795)
 * Flag of Prussia (1466-1772) Lob.svg Royal Prussia (1466–1569)
 * Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg Duchy of Prussia (1525–1657)
 * Flag of Courland (state).svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1561–1795)
 * New Courland (1637, 1639, 1642, 1654–1659, 1660–1666, 1680–1683, 1686–1690)
 * Flag of Galicia-Lodomeria 1890-1918.svg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (1772–1918, part of the Austrian Empire, later part of the Austria-Hungary.)
 * Flag of the Duchy of Warsaw.svg Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815; part of First French Empire, personal union with Kingdom of Saxony.)
 * Flag of Krakow.svg Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory (1815–1846)
 * Royal Standard of the Tsar of Poland (1815–1830).svg Kingdom of Poland (1815–1832; personal union with Russian Empire.)
 * Flag of Russia.svg Vistula Land (1867–1915; part of the Russian Empire.)
 * Flagge Preußen - Provinz Posen (1815).svg Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–1848; part of Kingdom of Prussia)
 * Flag of the Grand Duchy of Cracow.svg Grand Duchy of Kraków (1846–1918; part of the Austria-Hungary)
 * Flag of Poland (November Uprising).svg Polish National Government (1830–1831)
 * Coat of arms of the Kraków Uprising.svg Polish National Government (1846)
 * Flag of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (January Uprising).svg Polish National Government (1863–1864)
 * Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)
 * Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg Republic of Zakopane (1918)
 * POL Tarnobrzeg flag.svg Republic of Tarnobrzeg (1918–1919)
 * Flag of Ukraine.svg Komancza Republic (1918–1919)
 * Прапор Лемко-Русинської Республіки.svg Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic (1918–1920)
 * Flag of Poland (1919–1927).svg II Republic of Poland (1918–1939)
 * Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
 * Flag of the Free City of Danzig.svg Free City of Danzig (1920–1939)
 * Socialist red flag.svg Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee (1920)
 * War Ensign of Germany (1938–1945).svg Military Administration in Poland (1939)
 * Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (1939–1945)
 * Flaga PPP.svg Polish Underground State (1939–1945)
 * Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Polish Committee of National Liberation (1944)
 * Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (1944–1945)
 * Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Provisional Government of National Unity (1945–1947)
 * Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Republic of Poland (1947–1952)
 * Flag of Poland (1927–1980).svg Polish People's Republic (1952–1989)
 * Flag of Poland (normative).svg Polish National-Territorial Region (1990–1991)

Ukraine

 * Volya abo smert`.jpg Kholodny Yar Republic (1919–1922)
 * Прапор В.З..png Zaporozhian Sich (1552–1775)
 * Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg Cossack Hetmanate (1649–1764)
 * Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1920)
 * Ukrainian State (1918)
 * 🇺🇦 West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919)
 * Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919-1929).svg Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991; sovereign until 1922)
 * Махновское знамя.svg Makhnovshchina (1918–1921)
 * 🇺🇦 Hutsul Republic (1919)
 * Flag of the Galician SSR.svg Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (1920)
 * 🇺🇦 Carpatho-Ukraine (1939)
 * 🇺🇦 Ukrainian National Government (1941)
 * Flag_of_Donetsk_People's_Republic.svg Donetsk People's Republic (2014–2022)
 * Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People's_Republic.svg Luhansk People's Republic (2014–2022)

Crimea

 * Coat of arms of Gothia.svg Principality of Theodoro (13th century–1475)
 * Coat of arms of Crimean Khanate.svg Crimean Khanate (1449–1783)
 * Flag of the Crimean Tatar people.svg Crimean People's Republic (1917–1918)
 * Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1941/1944–1945/1991–1992)
 * Flag_of_Crimea.svg Republic of Crimea (2014)

Baltic countries and Belarus

 * Iziaslav of Polock Seal avers.svg Principality of Polotsk (10th century–1397)
 * Royal banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.svg Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1236–1795)
 * 🇱🇹 Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)
 * Flag of Lithuania.svg Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940)
 * Flag of the Republic of Perloja.svg Republic of Perloja (1918–1923)
 * Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
 * Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919)
 * Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg Belarusian People's Republic (1918–1919)
 * Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919-1927).svg Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1922)
 * Flag of the State of the Teutonic Order.svg State of the Teutonic Order (1230–1525)
 * Flag of et-Parnu.svg Kingdom of Livonia (1570–1578)
 * United Baltic Duchy flag.svg United Baltic Duchy (1918)
 * Flag of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920).svg Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920)
 * Flag of Latvia.svg First Latvian Republic (1918–1940)
 * Flag of Courland (state).svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
 * Petropavlovsk-Krondstadt flag.svg Soviet Republic of Naissaar on an Estonian Baltic Sea island (1917–1918)
 * Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg Commune of the Working People of Estonia (1918–1919)
 * Flag of Estonia.svg First Estonian Republic (1918–1940)

Romania and Moldova

 * Dacian Draco.svg Dacian Kingdom (168 BC–106 AD)
 * Țara Litua (1247–1330)
 * Voievodeship of Gelu (9th–11th century)
 * Voivodeship of Maramureș (9th century–1402)
 * Jupanat of Dimitrie (c. 943)
 * Voivodeship of Glad (10th century)
 * Voivodeship of Menumorut (9th–11th century)
 * Jupanat of Gheorghe (10th century)
 * Jupanat of Tatos (c. 1190)
 * Jupanat of Sacea (11th century)
 * Jupanat of Setslav (c. 1085)
 * Flag_of_Transylvania_(1350).svg Voivodship of Transylvania (12th century–1541)
 * Banat of Severin (1228–1526)
 * Voivodship of Seneslav (13th century)
 * Cnezatul lui Ioan (13th century)
 * Cnezatul lui Farcaș (13th century)
 * Flag of Wallachia.svg Principality of Wallachia (1330–1859)
 * Flag of Moldavia.svg Principality of Moldavia (1346–1859)
 * Transsylvanian_Banner.svg Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
 * Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Wallachian Eyalet (1595)
 * Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Temeşvar Eyalet (1552–1716)
 * Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Varat Eyalet (1660–1692)
 * Flag_of_Transylvania_before_1918.svg Grand Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)
 * Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg Banat of Temeswar (1718–1778)
 * Flag_of_Bukowina.svg Duchy of Bukovina (1849–1918)
 * Flag of the United Principalities of Romania (1862–1866).svg United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1881)
 * 🇷🇴 Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)
 * Socialist red flag.svg Banat Republic (1918–1919)
 * National flag of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.svg Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918)

Russia

 * Nowogród.svg Novgorod Republic (1136–1478)
 * Символ господарства Псковского.png Pskov Republic (1348–1510)
 * Symbol of Principality of Tver.svg Principality of Tver (1246–1483)
 * Principality of Beloozero (13th–15th century)
 * Principality of Yaroslavl (1218–1463)
 * Symbol Duchy of Ryazan.svg Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1097–1521)
 * Эмблема пермской земли (Саадачный покровец, около 1626 год).gif Principality of Great Perm (1323–1505)
 * Vyatka Land
 * Golden Horde flag 1339.svg Golden Horde (1320–1547)
 * Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556)
 * Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552)
 * Qasim Khanate (1452–1681)
 * Flag of Siberian Khanate.svg Khanate of Sibir (1468–1598)
 * Flag of the Kalmyk Khanate.svg Kalmyk Khanate (1630–1771)
 * Karelian National Flag.svg Republic of Uhtua (1918–1920)
 * Flag of Kuban People's Republic.svg Kuban People's Republic (1918–1920)
 * Flag of Don Cossacks.svg Don Republic (1918–1920)
 * Flag of Idel-Ural State.svg Idel-Ural State (1 March 1918 – 28 March 1918)
 * Flag of the Far Eastern Republic.svg Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922)
 * Green Ukraine (1920–1922)
 * Tungus Republic (1924–1925)
 * State of Buryat-Mongolia (1917–1920)
 * Seal of Ivan 4 1539 a.svg Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283–1547)
 * North Ingria(1919–1920)POL COA Gryf.svg (1665–1674)
 * Flag of Oryol ship (variant).svg Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)
 * 🇷🇺 Russian Empire (1721–1917)
 * Royal Standard of the Tsar of Poland (1815–1830).svg Kingdom of Poland (1815–1867)
 * Flag of Russia.svg Grand Duchy of Finland (1809–1917)
 * Socialist red flag.svg Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (1917–1924)
 * 🇷🇺 Russian Republic (1917)
 * 🇷🇺 Russian Republic (1918)
 * 🇷🇺 Russian State (1918–1920)
 * Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1937).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1922)
 * 🇷🇺 Supreme Administration of the Northern Region (1918)
 * 🇷🇺 Provisional Government of the Northern Region (1918–1920)
 * 🇷🇺 Armed Forces of South Russia (1918–1919)
 * Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
 * Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
 * Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1956–1991).svg Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
 * Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
 * Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991)
 * Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1990).svg Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
 * Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1956)
 * Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.svg Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
 * Flag of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic.svg Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
 * Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990)
 * Flag of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1988).svg Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990)
 * Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991)
 * Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991)
 * Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954–1991).svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
 * Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924)
 * Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1941)
 * Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)
 * Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1990)
 * Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936)
 * Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1924)
 * Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991)
 * Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1945)
 * Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
 * Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1990)
 * Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1940; 1956–1991)
 * Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)
 * Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
 * Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
 * Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1935–1943; 1957–1991)
 * Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
 * Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
 * Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
 * Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
 * North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1992)
 * Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1957)
 * Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1961–1992)
 * Khakas Autonomous Oblast (1990–1991)
 * Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991)
 * Flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.svg Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929–1991)
 * Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1973–1991).svg Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991)
 * Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.svg Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
 * Flag of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1991).svg Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991)

Hungary

 * Flag of Hungary (895-1000).svg Principality of Hungary (895–1000)
 * Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svg Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1804)
 * Coa Hungary Country History John I of Hungary (Szapolyai) (1526-1540).svg Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526–1551, 1556–1570)
 * Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
 * Flag of Hungary (15th century, rectangular).svg Principality of Upper Hungary (1682–1685)
 * Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg Principality of Transylvania (1711–1804)
 * Flag of Croatia (Early 16th century–1526) (Border).svg Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)
 * Flag of Louis II of Hungary.svg Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)
 * Flag of Hungary with great coat of arms (1849).svg Hungarian State (1849)

Czechia and Slovakia

 * Banner of Přemyslid family.svg Duchy of Bohemia (c. 870–1198)
 * Flag of Bohemia.svg Kingdom of Bohemia (1198–1918)
 * Banner of arms of Moravia.svg Margraviate of Moravia (1182–1918)
 * Socialist red flag.svg Slovak Soviet Republic (1919)
 * Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
 * First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
 * Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
 * Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
 * Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1989; before 1960 as Czechoslovak Republic)
 * Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)

Austria

 * Flag of Austria (1-1).svg Duchy of Austria (1156–1453)
 * Flag of Austria.svg Archduchy of Austria (1453–1804)
 * Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Austrian Empire (1804–1867)
 * Austro-hungarian coat of arms 1914.svg Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)

Balkans

 * In Albania:
 * Flag of Albanian Provisional Government (1912-1914).svg Independent Albania (1912–1914)
 * Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.svg Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914)
 * Essad Pasha's flag.svg Republic of Central Albania (1913–1914)
 * Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg Principality of Albania (1914–1925)
 * Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg Italian protectorate over Albania (1917–1920)
 * Flag of the Republic of Mirdita.svg Republic of Mirdita (1921)
 * Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
 * Flag of Albania (1934-1939).svg German occupation of Albania (1943–1944)
 * Flag of Albania (1946–1992).svge's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992)
 * In Aromanian:
 * Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg First Hellenic Republic (1828–1832)
 * Areios Pagos Anatolikis Ellados.svgagus of Eastern Continental Greece (1821–1825)
 * State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1970).svg Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974)
 * Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–1945)
 * In Bosnia:
 * Coat of arms of Kingdom of Bosnia.svg Kingdom of Bosnia (1377–1463)
 * OostenrijkHongarije-Bosnie.png Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918)
 * Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995)
 * Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995)
 * Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg Republika Srpska (1992–1995)
 * Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (1991–1996)
 * In Bulgaria:
 * Flag of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396)
 * Flag of Vicina.svg Despotate of Dobruja (1356–1411)
 * 🇧🇬 Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1908)
 * Strandzha Commune.svg Strandzha Commune (1903)
 * In Croatia:
 * Flag_of_the_State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs.svg State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918)
 * Crown_of_Zvonimir_(Croatia).svg Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg).svg Kingdom of Croatia (1527–1868)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Slavonia.svg Kingdom of Slavonia (1699–1868)
 * Flag of Croatia-Slavonia with CoA.svg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918)
 * Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg Free State of Fiume (1920–1924)
 * Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)
 * Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954)
 * St. Blaise - National Flag of the Ragusan Republic.png Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808)
 * State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1995)
 * In Greece:
 * Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg First Hellenic Republic (1828–1832)
 * Areios Pagos Anatolikis Ellados.svgagus of Eastern Continental Greece (1821–1825)
 * State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1970).svg Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974)
 * Flag of the United States of the Ionian Islands.svg United States of the Ionian Islands (1815–1864)
 * Flag of the Septinsular Republic.svg Septinsular Republic (1800–1815)
 * Flag of the Principality of Samos (1834–1912).svg Principality of Samos (1815–1864)
 * Flag of Cretan State.svg Cretan State (1898–1913)
 * Flag of the Free State of Ikaria.svg Free State of Ikaria (1912)
 * Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–1945)
 * In Montenegro:
 * Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1516–1852)
 * Flag of the Principality of Montenegro.svg Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)
 * Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg Italian governorate of Montenegro (1941–1943)
 * Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918, 1941–1944).svg German-occupied territory of Montenegro (1943–1944)
 * In North Macedonia:
 * Flag of the Kruševo Republic.svg Kruševo Republic (1903)
 * Flag IMARO.svg Independent Macedonia (1944) [proposed]
 * In Serbia:
 * Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg Revolutionary Serbia (1804–1813)
 * Flag of Serbia (1835-1882).svg Principality of Serbia (1815–1882)
 * State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918)
 * Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918)
 * Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1941).svg Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943)
 * Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1943–1992)
 * Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
 * Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
 * Flag of Kosova (1991–1999).svg Republic of Kosova (1991–1999)
 * In Turkey:
 * Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century, square.svg Byzantine Empire (395–1453)
 * Arms of the House of de la Roche.svg Duchy of Athens (1205–1458)
 * Despotate of Epirus (1356–1479)
 * Empire of Nicaea (1204–1261)
 * Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–1922)
 * Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg Government of the Grand National Assembly (1920–1923)

Caucasus

 * Flag of Mihranids.svg Caucasian Albania (2nd century BC–8th century AD)
 * Kabardian Banner.svg Kabardia (c. 1453–c. 1825)
 * Circassian flag.svg Circassia (13th century–1864)
 * Kingdom of Abkhazia (778–1008)
 * Elisu Sultanate (1604–1844)
 * Flag of Avars.svg Avar Khanate (13th century–1864)
 * Caucasian Imamate (1828–1859)
 * Flag of the Mountain Republic.svg Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1917–1921)
 * Flag of North Caucasian Emirate.svg North Caucasian Emirate (1919–1920)
 * Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–2000)
 * Flag of Kingdom of Georgia.svg Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490)
 * Banner of the Kingdom of Imereti.svg Kingdom of Imereti (1260–1810)
 * Banner of the Principality of Svaneti.svg Principality of Svaneti (1463–1858)
 * Flag of The Principality of Mingrelia (Portolan 1560).svg Principality of Mingrelia (1557–1867)
 * Banner of Guria.svg Principality of Guria (1460–1829)
 * Samtskhe-Saatabago (1266–1625)
 * Kingdom of Kartli (1478–1762)
 * Flag of Kingdom of Kakheti.svg Kingdom of Kakheti (1465–1762)
 * Coat of arms of Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.svg Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762–1801)
 * Flag of Georgia (1918–1921, 4-5).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)
 * 🇦🇲 First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
 * 🇦🇲 Republic of Mountainous Armenia (April 1921–July 1921)
 * Republic of Artsakh (1991–2024)
 * Republic of Aras (1918–1919)
 * Centrocaspian Dictatorship (1918)
 * 🇷🇺 Military Dictatorship of Mughan (1918–1919)
 * Baku Commune (1918)
 * 🇦🇿 Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–1920)
 * Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (February 1918–May 1918)

Iberian Peninsula

 * Rectangular green flag.svg Emirate of Córdoba (756–929)
 * Royal_flag_of_Ramiro_I_of_Asturies.svg Kingdom of Asturias (718–924)
 * Royal Banner of León.svg Kingdom of León (910–1230)
 * Republic of Galicia (1931)
 * Flag of the Couto Misto.svg Couto Misto (10th century–1868)
 * Asturian Socialist Republic (October 1934)
 * Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg Kingdom of Navarre (824–1620)
 * Flag of Catalonia.svg First Catalan Republic (1641–1652)
 * Revolutionary Catalonia (1936–1939)
 * Flag of Catalonia.svg Second Catalan Republic (1931)
 * Royal Banner of Aragón.svg Crown of Aragon (1162–1479)
 * Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg Emirate of Granada (1238–1492)
 * Bandera del Reino de Mallorca.svg Kingdom of Majorca (1231–1715 (1349))
 * Banderacatalana1231.png Principality of Catalonia (12th century – 1714/1833)
 * Bandeira Reino Unido Portugal Brasil Algarve.svg United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1825)
 * Flag Portugal (1830).svg Kingdom of Portugal (Monarchy of the North) (1919)
 * Flag of Portugal.svg Ditadura Nacional (1926–1933)
 * Royal Banner of the Crown of Castile (Early Style)-Variant.svg Crown of Castile (1230–1479)
 * Bandeirareinogaliza.svg Kingdom of Galicia (410–1833)
 * Royal Banner of the Kingdom of Castile (Variant).svg Kingdom of Castile (1065–1230/1715)
 * Iberian Union (1580–1640)
 * Estelada_blava.svg Catalonia (2017)

Anguilla

 * Flag of Anguilla (1967-1969).svg Republic of Anguilla (1967–1969)

Bahamas

 * Flag_of_the_Flying_Gang.svg Republic of Pirates (1706–1718)

Canada

 * Flag of Madawaska.svg Republic of Madawaska (1827)
 * Flag of the Republic of Canada (variant).svg Republic of Canada (1837–1838)
 * Flag of the Patriote movement (Lower Canada).svg Republic of Lower Canada (1838)
 * Mikmaq State Flag (vertical).svg Miꞌkmaꞌki (1867)
 * Flag of Manitoba.svg Republic of Manitoba (1867–1870)
 * Provisional Government of Saskatchewan flag.svg Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (1885)
 * Dominion_of_Newfoundland_Red_Ensign.svg Dominion of Newfoundland (1907–1949)

Dominican Republic

 * Flag of Spanish Haiti.svg Republic of Spanish Haiti (1821–1822)
 * Flag of the Dominican First Republic.svg First Dominican Republic (1844–1861)

Guatemala

 * Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg United Provinces of Central America
 * Flag of Los Altos.svg State of Los Altos (1838–1840), (1848–1849)

Haiti

 * Flag of Haiti 1964 (civil).svg First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
 * Flag of Haiti (1806–1811).svg State of Haiti (1806–1811)
 * Flag of Haiti (1814–1820).svg Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

Mexico

 * Toltec Emblem.svg Toltec Empire (674 (disputed)–1122 (disputed))
 * Cocollan.jpg Cocollán (1100–1521)
 * Aztec Empire (1428–1521)
 * Zapotec civilization (c. 700 BC–1521)
 * Governing Junta of Mexico (1808)
 * Flag of the Three Guarantees.svg Northern America (1813)
 * Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
 * Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824)
 * Bandera de la Primera República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg First Mexican Republic (1824–1835)
 * Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande (historical).svg Republic of the Rio Grande (1840)
 * Bandera de la República Central Mexicana.svg Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835–1846)
 * Flag of the Republic of Yucatan.svg Republic of Yucatán (1841–1848)
 * Bandera de la Segunda República Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.svg Second Federal Republic of Mexico (1846–1863)
 * Flag of the Republic of Sonora.svg Republic of Sonora (1853–1854)
 * Flag of the Republic of Lower California.svg Republic of Baja California (1853–1854)
 * Flag of the Second Mexican Empire.svg Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)

United States

 * Flag of the Iroquois Confederacy.svg Iroquois Confederacy (between 1450 and 1660–1867)
 * Flag of the Cherokee Nation.svg Cherokee Nation (1794–1865)
 * Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg Vermont Republic (1777–1791)
 * Flag of the Creek Nation.svg State of Muskogee (1799–1803)
 * West Florida Flag.svg Republic of West Florida (1810)
 * East Florida Patriot Flag.svg Republic of East Florida (1812)
 * Green Cross flag of Florida.svg Republic of the Floridas (1817)
 * Republic of Indian Stream (1832–1835)
 * Flag of Texas.svg Republic of Texas (1836–1846)
 * Alleged Mormon flag 1877.svg State of Deseret (1849–1850)
 * 1stBearFlag.svg California Republic (June 14 – July 9, 1846)
 * Flag of The Great Republic of Rough and Ready.svg The Great Republic of Rough and Ready (1850)
 * Flag of South Carolina (1861).svg Palmetto Republic (1860–1861)
 * Flag of Alabama (1861, obverse).svg Alabama Republic (1861)
 * Flag of Louisiana (February 1861).svg Republic of Louisiana (1861)
 * Flag of the State of Georgia (1861, red).svg Republic of Georgia (1861)
 * Flag of Mississippi (1861-1865).svg Republic of Mississippi (1861)
 * Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
 * Flag of Grito de Lares (current, medium blue).svg Republic of Puerto Rico (1868, 1898)

Oceania

 * Royal Standard of Tonga.svg Tuʻi Tonga Empire (c. 450–1865)
 * Kingdom of ʻUvea (15th century–1887)
 * Kingdom of Alo
 * Kingdom of Sigave
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Mangareva 1832-1843.svg Mangareva (1881)
 * Flag of Bora Bora.svg Kingdom of Bora Bora (till 1888 or 1895)
 * Flag of Raiatea.svg Kingdom of Raiatea (till 1888, French protectorate since 1880)
 * Flag of Huahine.svg Kingdom of Huahine (till 1895, French protectorate since 1888)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Tahiti.svg Kingdom of Tahiti (1788/91–1880, French protectorate since 1842)
 * Flag of Rurutu.svg Kingdom of Rurutu (till 1900, French protectorate since 1888)
 * Flag of Rimatara.svg Kingdom of Rimatara (till 1901, French protectorate since 1888)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Tahuata (1837-1842).svg Kingdom of Tahuata (till 1880, French protectorate since 1842)
 * Flag of Rapa.svg Kingdom of Rapa Iti (till 1881, kingship continued to 1887)
 * Kingdom of Mangareva (till 1881, French protectorate since 1844/1871)
 * Taiohae Kingdom of Nuku Hiva (till 1901, sovereignty ceded to France in 1842)
 * Flag of the Tuamotu Islands.svg Kingdom of Tuamotu
 * Flag of the United Kingdom of Fiji 1871-1874.svg Kingdom of Fiji (1871–1874)
 * Flag of Fiji.svg Dominion of Fiji (1970–1987)
 * Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg Kingdom of Hawaii (1795–1893)
 * Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg Provisional Government of Hawaii (1893–1894)
 * Flag of Hawaii (1816).svg Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898)
 * Patu-iki or Kingdom of Niue (c. 1700–1900)
 * Flag of Rarotonga 1888-1893.svg Kingdom of Rarotonga (1858–1893)
 * Saudeleur dynasty (c. 1100)
 * Easter Island flag 1876 to 1888.svg Kingdom of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) (till 1888)
 * Kingdom of Nauru (till 1888)
 * Kingdom of Abemama (1884–1892)
 * People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977–1978)

Argentina

 * United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1810–1831)
 * Argentine Confederation (1831–1861)
 * Republic of Entre Ríos (1820–1821)
 * Republic of Tucumán (1820–1821)
 * State of Buenos Aires (1852–1861)
 * Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (1860–1862)

Bolivia

 * 🇧🇴 State of Upper Peru (1825)
 * 🇧🇴 Republic of Bolívar (1825)
 * 🇧🇴 Republic of Upper Peru (1828)
 * 🇧🇴 Bolivian Republic (1836–1839)
 * Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)

Brazil

 * Republic of Acre (1899–1900; 1903)
 * Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)
 * Confederation of the Equator (1824)
 * Riograndense Republic (1836–1845)
 * Juliana Republic (1839)
 * Republic of Counani (1886–1891)
 * Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg Principality of Trindad (1893–1895)

Chile

 * Flag of Chile (1812-1814).svg Kingdom of Chile (1810–1814)
 * State Ensign of Chile (1819-1834).svg New State of Chile (1819–1826)
 * Flag of Chile.svg Conservative Republic (1830–1861)
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.svg Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia (1862)

Colombia

 * Bandera de la confederacion muisca.png Muisca Confederation (1450–1537)
 * Flag of Cundinamarca.svg Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (1810–1815)
 * Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca (1811–1815)
 * Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1816)
 * Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
 * Flag of New Granada.svg Republic of New Granada(1831–1858)

Ecuador

 * Flag_of_Patriotic_Army_of_Ecuador_1809.svg State of Quito (1809–1812) Estado de Quito
 * Bandera de Guayaquil.svg Free Province of Guayaquil (1820–1822)

Paraguay

 * Flag of Paraguay (1954-1988).svg El Stronato (1954–1989)

Peru

 * Kingdom of Chimor (c. 900–1470)
 * Inca Empire (1438–1533)
 * 🇵🇪 Protectorate of Peru (1821–1822)
 * 🇵🇪 Republic of South Peru (1836–1839)
 * 🇵🇪 Republic of North Peru (1836–1839)
 * Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
 * 🇵🇪 Peruvian Republic (1837)
 * 🇵🇪 Peruvian Republic (1838–1839)
 * Federal State of Loreto (1896)
 * Jungle Nation (1899–1900)

Uruguay

 * Governing Junta of Montevideo (1808–1809)
 * Flag of Artigas.svg Liga Federal (1815–1820)

Venezuela

 * Flag of Junta Suprema de Caracas.svg Supreme Junta (1810–1811)
 * Flag of the First Republic of Venezuela.svg First Republic of Venezuela (1811–1812)
 * Bandera de la Guerra a Muerte.svg Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814)
 * Bandera de la Tercera República de Venezuela, 1817-1819.svg Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819)

Dismembered countries
These states are now dissolved into a number of states.
 * Nazi Germany – Dissolved in 1945, its former territory now consists of the entirety of the countries of Austria and Germany, and parts of what is now Belarus, the Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Poland, Russia, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Slovenia.
 * undefined – An empire created after Brazil declared its independence in 1822 and dissolved in 1889, now the countries of Brazil and Uruguay (who declared their independence in 1825, and was recognized in 1828).
 * undefined – Existed from 1821 to 1841, broke up into Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
 * Republic of China (1912–1949) – Polity existed to 7 December 1949 and its territory now controlled by the People's Republic of China (Mainland China), Mongolia, portion of the territory claimed by India and Japan, and parts of Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Russia and Tajikistan. The rump state, still known as the "Republic of China", continues to control Taiwan and Penghu which was acquired from Japan in 1945, as well as Kinmen and Matsu Islands, forming part of the rump Fujian Province. See also the political status of Taiwan and the Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan.
 * undefined – Existed from 1918 to 1992, the country wasn't active in World War II, but the government was in exile, dissolved in 1992 and broke up into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
 * undefined – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by North Korea and South Korea, and a portion of territory claimed by Japan.
 * Mali Federation – In 1959 formed by Senegal and French Sudan, both parts of French West Africa, as an independent nation. It collapsed in 1960, and is now Senegal and Mali.
 * Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves) created in 1815 when Brazil was upgraded to the rank of kingdom, once the Portuguese royal family was living in Rio de Janeiro since 1809. This country was dissolved in 1822 when Brazil became independent. Now the countries of Portugal, Brazil, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola, East Timor and Mozambique.
 * undefined – Dissolved in 1979, now the country of Zimbabwe.
 * Serbia and Montenegro – Dissolved in 2006, now the countries of Montenegro, Serbia, and the partially recognized Kosovo.
 * Somali Republic – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of Somalia and unrecognized Somaliland.
 * Soviet Union – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The Baltic countries occupied by USSR until 1991 (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) were not considered by most Western countries de jure part of the USSR.
 * United Arab Republic – A union formed by Egypt and Syria in 1958. It was dissolved in 1961, though Egypt used the name until 1971. Other Pan-Arab unity agreements with Iraq and Jordan in the 1950s failed.
 * United Arab States – A confederation formed by the United Arab Republic and North Yemen in 1958; it was dissolved in 1961.
 * undefined – Dissolved in 1991 and 1992, now the countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia, and the partially recognized Kosovo.

Nominally independent homelands of South Africa
Four of the homelands, or bantustans, for black South Africans, were granted nominal independence by the apartheid regime of South Africa. Not recognised by other nations, these effectively were puppet states and were re-incorporated in 1994.
 * Bophuthatswana – Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994.
 * Ciskei – Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994.
 * Transkei – Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994.
 * Venda – Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.

Secessionist states
These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.
 * Carpatho-Ukraine – declared independence from Czechoslovakia in 1939, but was occupied and annexed by Hungary in one day.
 * Cartagena Canton – the haven city of Cartagena, Spain seceded from the First Spanish Republic in 1873.
 * Catalan Republic (April 14–17, 1931).
 * Chechnya – Virtually independent from Russia from 1996 as Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, however the country was recognized only by the Taliban. After terrorist attacks in 1999 the republic was returned to Russia's control in the Second Chechen War.
 * undefined – Occupied the southeastern United States, stretching from Texas to Virginia. Declared secession from the U.S. in 1861, reintegrated into the U.S. in 1865. Reconstruction ended in 1876 and U.S. troops withdrew as an occupation force in 1877. South Carolina was the first state to declare its secession from the United States, doing so on December 20, 1860. Political factions in the "border states" of Kentucky and Missouri declared themselves parts of the Confederacy and controlled small portions of those regions early in the war. The major Indian tribes in Oklahoma signed an alliance with the Confederacy, and participated in its military efforts against the U.S.
 * Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, declared independence from Ukraine in 1992 but soon settled for being an autonomous republic within Ukraine.
 * Cruzob, achieved independence from Mexico in 1856, but was reannexed in 1901.
 * Green Ukraine – Declared independence from Far Eastern Republic in 1920, dissolved in 1922.
 * Herzeg-Bosnia – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1994.
 * Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
 * Katanga – Declared its independence of the newly formed Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960, was incorporated again into the country in 1963.
 * Manitoba – short-lived republic led by Thomas Spence, declared after the Hudson's Bay Company gave up Rupert's Land and before the government of Canada took control (1867).
 * Red River Rebellion – provisional government in Rupert's Land, led by Louis Riel in (1869–1870).
 * Serbian Krajina – declared independence from Croatia in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
 * South Kasai – declared independence from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in June 1960, reincorporated into the country in December 1961.
 * Supreme Administration of Northern Region – Proclaimed independent in 1918, later became the Provisional Government of the Northern Region.
 * undefined – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
 * Principality of Trinidad – Declared independence in 1893, claimed by United Kingdom in 1895, but incorporated by Brazil.
 * Western Bosnia – Declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995.
 * Novorossiya – Established in 2015 as a result of the merger of the Donetsk People's Republic with the Luhansk People's Republic and at the beginning of 2015 the confederation project was suspended.
 * Donetsk People's Republic – Declared independence on April 7, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a republic into the Russian Federation. The incorporation is not recognised.
 * Luhansk People's Republic – Declared independence on April 27, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a republic into the Russian Federation. The incorporation is not recognised.
 * Republic of Artsakh – Declared independence from Azerbaijan in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 2024.

Annexed countries
These nations, once separate, are now part of another country. Cases of voluntary accession are included.
 * Regency of Carnaro in 1919 and Free State of Fiume 1920–1924, two short-lived states in the port city of Fiume/Rijeka proclaimed by Gabriele D'Annunzio. Following World War I, the city was disputed between Italy and Yugoslavia, and eventually captured by Italy in 1921. The city passed to Yugoslavia after World War II and is now in Croatia.
 * Couto Misto – Tiny 10th century border territory that was split between Spain and Portugal in 1864–8.
 * Crete – Autonomous under Ottoman suzerainty in 1898, unilaterally declared union with Greece in 1908, which was recognized in 1913.
 * East Germany – Annexed by West Germany in 1990 and now part of Germany.
 * undefined – Merged with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom.
 * Franceville (1889–1890) – Independent in 1889, later governed by France and Britain as part of the New Hebrides; now part of Vanuatu.
 * Hatay – Part of the Mandate of Syria that became part of Turkey; independent 1938–1939
 * undefined – Annexed by the U.S. in the late 19th century.
 * Khanate of Kalat (1638, 1666–1955) – 1666 to 1955, became part of Pakistan.
 * Free States of Menton and Roquebrune – Seceded from Monaco in 1848, under nominal protection of the Kingdom of Sardinia, then annexed by France in 1861.
 * Moresnet – 1816–1920, Tiny European territory that endured for a hundred years before definitively becoming part of Belgium.
 * Natalia Republic – 1839–1843, Was quickly made into a British colony
 * Islands of Refreshment – The islands of Tristan da Cunha were settled in 1810 and declared independence in 1811. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1815.
 * undefined – Merged with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom.
 * South Vietnam – Occupied by North Vietnam in 1975 and annexed into it in 1976.
 * Republic of Tatarstan – Existed from 1992 until annexed by Russia in 1994.
 * undefined – Now part of South Africa.
 * undefined – Annexed by the U.S. in 1845.
 * Flag of the Vermont Republic.svg Vermont Republic – Annexed by the US in 1791.