List of large volume volcanic eruptions in the Basin and Range Province

Large volume volcanic eruptions in the Basin and Range Province include Basin and Range eruptions in Utah, California, Idaho, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming and Oregon, as well as those of the Long Valley Caldera geological province and the Yellowstone hotspot.

Volcanic fields
Some of the volcanic fields within the Basin and Range Province: Northwestern Nevada, the Modoc Plateau, Central Nevada, the Great Basin, Southwestern Nevada, the Mojave Desert, and the Long Valley Caldera region. Named ones include: Coso Volcanic Field, Mono Lake Volcanic Field, Marysvale Volcanic Field, San Juan volcanic field, Indian Peak, Central Colorado volcanic field, Jemez volcanic lineament, Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, Santa Rosa-Calico, and Boot Heel volcanic field.

Geological features
Many geological features in Western United States have a Northeastern orientation, the North American craton motion has the same orientation as well. For example: the Trans-Challis fault zone, Idaho; the Snake River in Oregon; the Garlock Fault, California; the Colorado River in Utah; the Colorado Mineral Belt; Crater Flat-Reveille Range-Lunar Crater lineament, the Northwestern Nevada volcanic field; the San Juan caldera cluster, Colorado; the Socorro-Magdalena caldera cluster, New Mexico; Jemez Lineament; and the Yellowstone hotspot trail. But the Yellowstone hotspot trail was modified through faults and extension.

Geology
Prior to the Eocene Epoch (55.8 ± 0.2 to 33.9 ± 0.1 Ma) the convergence rate of the Farallon and North American Plates was fast and the angle of subduction was shallow. During the Eocene the Farallon Plate subduction-associated compressive forces of the Laramide orogeny ended, plate interactions changed from orthogonal compression to oblique strike-slip, and volcanism in the Basin and Range Province flared up. It is suggested that this plate continued to be underthrust until about 19 Ma, at which time it was completely consumed and volcanic activity ceased, in part. Olivine basalt from the oceanic ridge erupted around 17 Ma and extension began. The extension resulted in roughly north-south-trending faults, the Great Basin, the Walker trough, the Owens graben, and the Rio Grande rift, for instance.

List of large volume eruptions in the Basin and Range Province
The large volume eruptions in the Basin and Range Province include:
 * Long Valley Caldera; Mono County, California, USA; 758.9 ± 1.8 ka; VEI 7; 600 km3 of Bishop Tuff.
 * Valles Caldera, New Mexico, USA; around 1.15 Ma; VEI 7; around 600 km3 of the Tshirege formation, Upper Bandelier eruption.
 * Valles Caldera, New Mexico, USA; around 1.47 Ma (Lower Bandelier eruption, the Otawi).
 * Yellowstone hotspot (?), Lake Owyhee volcanic fields; 15.0 to 15.5 Ma.
 * Yellowstone hotspot (?), Northwest Nevada volcanic field, Virgin Valley, High Rock, Hog Ranch, and unnamed calderas; West of the Pine Forest Range, Nevada; 15.5 to 16.5 Ma; Tuffs: Idaho Canyon, Ashdown, Summit Lake, and Soldier Meadow.
 * Columbia River Basalt Province: Yellowstone hotspot releases a huge pulse of volcanic activity, the first eruptions were near the Oregon-Idaho-Washington border. Columbia River and Steens flood basalts, Pueblo Mountains, Steens Mountain, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho; most vigorous eruptions were from 14 to 17 Ma.
 * Columbia River flood basalts, 175000 km3
 * Steens flood basalts, 65000 km3
 * Mount Belknap Caldera (17 x), Marysvale Volcanic Field, southwestern Utah; 19 Ma; 150 km3 of tephra (Joe Lott member).
 * Big John Caldera (10 x), Marysvale Volcanic Field, southwestern Utah; 22 Ma; 50 km3 of Delano Peak Tuff member.
 * Monroe Peak Caldera (20 x), Marysvale Volcanic Field, southwestern Utah; 23 Ma; 200 km3 of Osiris Tuff.
 * Lake City calderas (20 km wide), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 23.1 Ma; 300 km3 of Sunshine Peak Tuff.
 * Turkey Creek Caldera (25 km wide), Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona; 25 Ma; 500 km3 of Rhyolite Canyon Formation.
 * Lake City calderas (25 km wide), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 25.9 Ma; 200 to 500 km3 of tephra.
 * Questa Caldera (15 km wide), Questa-Latir volcanic locus, Questa, New Mexico; 26 Ma, 400 km3 of Amalia Tuff.
 * Creede Caldera (24 km wide), San Juan Mountains, Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 26.7 Ma; less than 500 km3 of Snowshoe Mountain Tuff.
 * San Luis caldera complex (18 km wide), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 26.8 Ma, 562 km3 of Nelson Mountain Tuff.
 * San Luis caldera complex (18 km wide), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 26.9 Ma, 250 km3 of Cebola Creek Tuff.
 * San Luis caldera complex (18 km wide), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27 Ma, 150 km3 of Rat Creek Tuff.
 * Three Creeks Caldera (8 km wide), Marysvale Volcanic Field, Cove Fort-Sulphurdale area, southwestern Utah; 27 Ma; 100 to 200 km3 of Three Creeks Tuff Member of the Bullion Canyon Volcanics.
 * South River Caldera, Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27.1 Ma, more than 500 km3 of Wason Park Tuff.
 * Central San Juan Caldera (concealed), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27.2 Ma, 250 km3 of Blue Creek Tuff.
 * Bachelor Caldera (20 x), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27.35 Ma; 1200 km3 of Carpenter Ridge Tuff.
 * Silverton Caldera (20 km wide), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27.6 Ma, 50 to 100 km3 of Crystal Lake Tuff.
 * La Garita Caldera (100 x), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; VEI 8; more than 5000 km3 of Fish Canyon Tuff was blasted out in a major single eruption about 27.8 Ma.
 * San Juan Caldera (22 x), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28 Ma; more than 1000 km3 of Sapinero Mesa Tuff.
 * Uncompahgre Caldera (23 x), Uncompahgre National Forest, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.1 Ma; more than 1000 km3 of Dillon/Sapinero Mesa Tuffs.
 * Lost Lake Caldera (10 km wide), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.2 Ma, 100 to 500 km3 of Blue Mesa Tuff.
 * Platoro calderas, San Juan volcanic field, Platoro, Conejos County, Colorado; 28.2 Ma; 1000 km3 of Chiquito Peak Tuff.
 * Central San Juan Caldera (concealed), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.3 Ma; 500 km3 of Masonic Park Tuff.
 * Ute Creek Caldera, Central Colorado volcanic field, Colorado; 28.3 Ma; 500 km3 of Ute Ridge Tuff.

List of Rupelian calderas
The Rupelian age/stage (Paleogene period/system, Oligocene epoch/series) spans the time between 33.9 ±0.1 Ma and 28.4 ±0.1 Ma (million years ago).
 * Bursum Caldera (size: 40 x 30 km), Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, New Mexico; 28.5 Ma ±0.5; 1050 km3 of Bloodgood Canyon Tuff.
 * Bursum Caldera (size: 40 x 30 km), Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, New Mexico; 28.5 Ma ±0.5; 1200 km3 of Apache Springs Tuff.
 * San Juan Caldera (size: 24 x 22 km), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.5 Ma; 900 km3 of tephra.
 * Summitville Caldera (size: 12 x 8 km), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.5 Ma; 100 to 500 km3 of Ojito Creek/ La Jadero Tuffs.
 * Mount Hope (size: 15 km), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 29 Ma; 500 km3 of Masonic Park Tuff.
 * Around White Rock caldera (size: 50 km North-South), White Rock Mountains, Great Basin, Nevada; 29.02 Ma ±0.04; 2600 km3 of Lund Tuff.
 * Ute Creek (size: 8 km wide), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 29 Ma; 500 km3 of Ute Ridge Tuff.
 * Platoro calderas (size: 12 x 18 km), San Juan volcanic field, Platoro, Conejos County, Colorado; 29.5 Ma; 500 km3 of Black Mountain Tuff.
 * Indian Peak, Eastern Nevada; 29.5 Ma; more than 3200 km3 of Wah Wah Springs Tuff.
 * Platoro calderas (size: 18 x 22 km), San Juan volcanic field, Platoro, Conejos County, Colorado; 30 Ma; 592 km3 of La Jara Canyon Tuff.
 * Goodsight-Cedar Hills volcano-tectonic depression (Bell Top Formation), south-central New Mexico; 30.5 Ma ±1.5, 295 km3 of tephra (Bell Top Formation).
 * William's Ridge, Central Nevada; 31.4 Ma; 3500 km3 of Windous Butte Tuff.
 * North Pass Caldera, Cochetopa Hills, Central Colorado volcanic field; 32.25 Ma; 400 to 500 km3 of Saguache Creek Tuff.
 * Organ Caldera (size: 16 km wide), Organ Mountains, New Mexico; 32 Ma, 500 km3 of Cueva Soledad Rhyolite.
 * Chinati Caldera (size: 30 x 20 km), Chinati Mountains, Texas; 32.5 Ma ±0.5, 1000 km3 of Mitchel Mesa Rhyolite.
 * Bonanza (size: 12 km wide), Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 32.5 Ma, more than 100 km3 of Bonanza Tuff.
 * Cowboy Rim (size: 26 x 18 km), Animas Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico; 33 Ma, 500 km3 of Gillespie Tuff.
 * Emory Caldera (size: 25 x 55 km), Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, City of Rocks State Park; 33 Ma; VEI 8; 1310 km3 of Kneeling Nun Tuff.
 * Socorro Caldera (size: 25 x 35 km), Rio Grande rift, Socorro, New Mexico; 33 Ma, 500 km3 of Hells Mesa Rhyolite.
 * Marshall Creek, Thirtynine Mile volcanic area, Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 33.7 Ma; more than 100 km3 of Thorn Ranch Tuff.
 * Mount Aetna (size: 10 km wide), Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 33.81 Ma, 100 km3 of Badger Creek Tuff.
 * Grizzly Peak Caldera (size: 12 km wide), Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 34.31 Ma; 100 km3 of Grizzly Peak Rhyolite.
 * Juniper Caldera (size: 25 km), Animas Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico; 35 Ma; 500 km3 of Oak Creek Tuff.
 * Mount Princeton (eroded), Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 35.3 Ma ±0.6; more than 1000 km3 of Wall Mountain Tuff.
 * Davis Mountains, Texas; 35.35 Ma ±0.6; 210 km3 of tuffs of Wild Cherry, Lavas of Casket Mountain.
 * Davis Mountains, Texas; 35.61 Ma ±0.09; 200 km3 of Barrel Springs Formation and ash flow tuff.
 * Quitman Caldera (size: 15 x 10 km), Quitman Mountains, Hudspeth County, Texas; 36 Ma; 300 km3 of Square Peak Volcanics.
 * Davis Mountains, Texas; 36.2 Ma ±0.6; 300 km3 of Mafic lavas.
 * Davis Mountains, Texas; 36.33 Ma ±0.13; 150 km3 of tephra (Paisano Volcano).
 * Davis Mountains, Texas; 36.51 Ma ±0.05; 210 km3 of Adobe Canyon and Limpia Formations.
 * Davis Mountains (fissures), Texas; 36.82 Ma ±0.08; 1250 km3 of Flood rhyolites, rhyolite domes, and Gomez Tuff.
 * Muir Caldera (size: 26 x 18 km wide), Hidalgo County, New Mexico; 37 Ma; 300 km3 of Woodhaul Canyon tephra.
 * Infernito Caldera (size: 12 km wide), Trans-Pecos, Texas; 37.5 Ma ±0.5; 70 to 100 km3 of Buckshot Tuff.
 * Thomas Caldera (size: 16 x 25 km wide), Delta, Utah; 39 Ma; 400 km3 of Mount Laird Tuff.
 * Twin Peaks Caldera (size: 20 km), Challis volcanic field, Custer, Idaho; 45 Ma, 500 km3 of Challis Creek Tuff.
 * Van Horn cauldron complex (size: 34 x 48 km), Challis volcanic field, Custer, Idaho; 46 Ma ±0.6; unknown amount of Elis Creek Tuff.
 * Silver Bell Caldera (size: 8 km wide), Arizona; 55.8 Ma; unknown amount of Mount Laird Tuff.
 * Silver Bell Caldera (size: 8 km wide), Arizona; 68 Ma; 150 km3 of Lithic Tuff.
 * Tucson Mountain Caldera (size: 25 km wide), Tucson Mountains, Arizona; 73 Ma; 500 km3 of Cat Mountain Tuff.

Columbia River Basalt Province-sources

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Maps

 * Overview map at Basin and Range Province.
 * Map of the Basin and Range Province
 * Map: Thelin and Pike (1991), Landforms of the conterminous United States – A digital shaded-relief portrayal, USGS Map I-2206
 * Global Positioning System (GPS) Time Series
 * Great Basin/Nevada
 * Supplemental material: Columbia River Basalt Group,  eruptive loci
 * Great Basin/Utah
 * Colorado
 * New Mexico
 * Mogollon-Datil volcanic field
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 * Colorado
 * New Mexico
 * Mogollon-Datil volcanic field
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