List of leaders of dependent territories in 2014

This is a List of leaders of dependent territories in 2014

Argentina
See also: Antarctic Treaty.
 *  Argentine Antarctica (claimed territory)
 * Administered by the Governor of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and the Islands of the South Atlantic Province of Argentina
 * Argentinian Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

Australia
See also: Antarctic Treaty.
 * 🇦🇺 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by Australian Ministry of Infrastructure and Regional Development
 * 🇦🇺 Australian Antarctic Territory (territory)
 * Administered by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Ministry of Environment
 * Australian Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.
 * 🇨🇽 Christmas Island (territory)
 * Administrator
 * Jon Stanhope, Administrator of Christmas Island (2012–2014)
 * Barry Haase, Administrator of Christmas Island (2014–2017)
 * President of Shire – Gordon Thomson, President of the Christmas Island Shire Council (2013–present)
 * 🇨🇨 Cocos (Keeling) Islands (territory)
 * Administrator
 * Jon Stanhope, Administrator of Christmas Island (2012–2014)
 * Barry Haase, Administrator of Christmas Island (2014–2017)
 * President of the Shire – Aindil Minkom, President of the Shire Council of Cocos Island (2011–2015)
 * 🇦🇺 Coral Sea Islands (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by the Australian Ministry of Infrastructure and Regional Development
 * 🇦🇺 Heard Island and McDonald Islands (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Ministry of Environment
 *  Lord Howe Island (unincorporated, self-governed, area of New South Wales)
 * Chairman of the Lord Howe Island Board
 * Chris Eccles, Chairman of the Lord Howe Island Board (2013–2014)
 * Barney Nichols, Acting Chairman of the Lord Howe Island Board (2014–2015)
 * Macquarie Island (uninhabited territory of Tasmania)
 * Administered by the Park and Wildlife Service of Tasmanian Ministry for Environment, Parks and Heritage
 * 🇳🇫 Norfolk Island (territory)
 * Administrator –
 * Neil Pope, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2012–2014)
 * Gary Hardgrave, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2014–2017)
 * Chief Minister – Lisle Snell, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2013–2015)
 * Torres Strait Islands (territory with a special status fitting the native land rights)
 * Chairperson of the Torres Strait Regional Authority – Joseph Elu, Chairperson of the Torres Strait Regional Authority (2012–2016)

Brazil
See also: Antarctic Treaty.
 * 🇧🇷 Brazilian Antarctica (claimed territory)
 * Chairman of Brazilian National Commission on Antarctic Matters (Minister of External Relations of Brazil)
 * Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Chairman of Brazilian National Commission on Antarctic Matters (2013–2014)
 * Mauro Vieira Chairman of Brazilian National Commission on Antarctic Matters (2014–2016)
 * Brazilian Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

Chile
See also: Antarctic Treaty.
 *  Chilean Antarctic Territory (claimed territory)
 * Governor of Antártica Chilena Province
 * Nelson Cárcamo Barrera, Governor of Antártica Chilena Province (2010–2014)
 * Patricio Oyarzo Gaez, Governor of Antártica Chilena Province (2014–2016)
 * Chilean Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.
 *  Easter Island (territory)
 * Governor of Easter Island Province
 * Carmen Cardinali Paoa, Governor of Easter Island Province (2010–2014)
 * Marta Hotus Tuki, Governor of Easter Island Province (2014–2015)
 * Mayor – Pero Edmunds Paoa, Mayor of Easter Island (2012–present)

People's Republic of China (PRC)

 *  🇭🇰 Hong Kong' (special administrative region)
 * Chief Executive – Leung Chun-ying, Chief Executive of Hong Kong (2012–20117)
 *  Macau (special administrative region)
 * Chief Executive – Fernando Chui, Chief Executive of Macao (2009–2019)

Denmark

 * 🇫🇴 Faroe Islands (autonomous territory)
 * High Commissioner – Dan Michael Knudsen, High Commissioner of the Faroe Islands (2008–present)
 * Prime Minister – Kaj Leo Johannesen, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (2008–2015)
 * 🇬🇱 Greenland (autonomous territory)
 * High Commissioner – Mikaela Engell, High Commissioner of Greenland (2011–present)
 * Prime Minister
 * Aleqa Hammond, Prime Minister of Greenland (2013–2014)
 * Kim Kielsen, Prime Minister of Greenland (2014–2021)

Ecuador

 *  Galápagos Islands (province)
 * Governor – Jorge Alfredo Torres Pallo, Governor of Galapagos Island (2008–2015)
 * Chairman of the Governing Council with Special Regime – María Isabel Salvador, Chairman of the Governing Council with Special Regime of Galapagos Island (2013–2015)

Finland

 * 🇦🇽 Åland Islands (autonomous region)
 * Governor – Peter Lindbäck, Governor of Åland Islands (1999–present)
 * Premier – Camilla Gunell, Premier of Åland Islands (2011–2015)

France
See also: Antarctic Treaty.
 * Bassas da India (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
 * 🇫🇷 Clipperton Island (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by French minister of Overseas France through the high commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia
 * Europa Island (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
 * 🇬🇫 French Guiana (Guyane) (overseas département and region)
 * Prefect – Éric Spitz, Prefect of French Guiana (2013–2016)
 * President of the Regional Council – Alain Tien-Liong, President of the Regional Council of Guyane (2011–2015)
 * President of the General Council – Rodolphe Alexandre, President of the General Council of Guyane (2010–2015)
 * 🇵🇫 French Polynesia (overseas country)
 * High Commissioner – Lionel Beffre, High Commissioner of French Polynesia (2013–2016)
 * President
 * Gaston Flosse, President of French Polynesia (2013–2014)
 * Nuihau Laurey, Acting president of French Polynesia (2014)
 * Édouard Fritch, President of French Polynesia (2014–present)
 *  French Southern and Antarctic Lands (overseas territory)
 * Administrator-Superior
 * Pascal Bolot, Administrator-Superior of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2012–2014)
 * Cécile Pozzo di Borgo, Administrator-Superior of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2014–2018)
 * French Antarctic claim (Adélie Land) has not been recognised by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.
 * Glorioso Islands (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
 * 🇬🇵 Guadeloupe (overseas département and region)
 * Prefect –
 * Marcelle Pierrot, Prefect of Guadeloupe (2013–2014)
 * Jacques Billant, Prefect of Guadeloupe (2014–2017)
 * President of the Regional Council
 * Josette Borel-Lincertin, President of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe (2012–2014)
 * Victorin Lurel, President of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe (2014–2015)
 * President of the General Council – Jacques Gillot, President of the General Council of Guadeloupe (2001–2015)
 * Juan de Nova (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
 *  🇲🇶 Martinique' (overseas département and region)
 * Prefect
 * Laurent Prévost, Prefect of Martinique (2011–2014)
 * Fabrice Rigoulet-Roze, Prefect of Martinique (2014–2017)
 * President of the Regional Council – Serge Letchimy, President of the Regional Council of Martinique (2010–2015)
 * President of the General Council – Josette Manin, President of the General Council of Martinique (2011–2015)
 * 🇾🇹 Mayotte (overseas département and region)
 * Prefect
 * Jacques Witkowski, Prefect of Mayotte (2013–2014)
 * Seymour Morsy, Prefect of Mayotte (2014–2016)
 * President of the General Council – Daniel Zaïdani, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2011–2015)
 * 🇳🇨 New Caledonia (overseas country)
 * High Commissioner
 * Jean-Jacques Brot, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2013–2014)
 * Pascal Gauci, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2014)
 * Vincent Bouvier, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2014–2016)
 * President of the Government
 * Harold Martin, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2011–2014)
 * Cynthia Ligeard, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2014–2015)
 * 🇫🇷 Réunion (overseas département and region)
 * Prefect
 * Jean-Luc Marx, Prefect of Réunion (2012–2014)
 * Dominique Sorain, Prefect of Réunion (2014 - 2017)
 * President of the Regional Council – Didier Robert, President of the Regional Council of Réunion (2010–2021)
 * President of the General Council – Nassimah Dindar, President of the General Council of Réunion (2004– 2015)
 *  Saint-Barthélemy (Territorial collectivity)
 * Prefect – The prefect of Guadeloupe is also state representative in Saint-Barthélemy from 9 July 2007.
 * Prefect delegated – Phillipe Chopin, Prefect delegated of Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin (2011 – 2015)
 * President of the Territorial Council – Bruno Magras, President of the Territoria Council of Saint-Barthélemy (2007–present)
 * 🇫🇷 Saint-Martin (Territorial collectivity)
 * Prefect – The prefect of Guadeloupe is also state representative in Saint-Martin from 9 July 2007.
 * Prefect delegated – Phillipe Chopin, Prefect delegated of Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin (2011 – 2015)
 * President of the Territorial Council – Aline Hanson, President of the Territoria Council of Saint-Martin (2013–2017)
 *  Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity)
 * Prefect
 * Patrice Latron, Prefect of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (2011–2014)
 * Jean-Christophe Bouvier, Prefect of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (2014–2016)
 * President of the General Council – Stéphane Artano, President of the General Council of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (2006–2017)
 * Tromelin (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
 * 🇼🇫 Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity)
 * Administrator-Superior – Michel Aubouin, Administrator-Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2013–2015)
 * President of the Territorial Assembly
 * Petelo Hanisi, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2013–2014)
 * Mikaele Kulimoetoke, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2014–2017)
 *  Alo  (Chiefdom of Wallis and Futuna) 
 * King - Petelo Sea, King of Alofi (2014–2016)
 *  Sigave  (Chiefdom of Wallis and Futuna) 
 * King - Polikalepo Kolivai, King of Sigave (2010–2014)
 *  Wallis  (chiefdom of Wallis and Futuna)) 
 * King - Kapiliele Faupala, King of Wallis (2008–2014)

Netherlands

 * 🇦🇼 Aruba (autonomous territory)
 * Governor – Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–2016)
 * Prime Minister – Mike Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (2009–2017)
 *  Bonaire (special municipality)
 * Lieutenant Governor
 * Lydia Emerencia, Lieutenant Governor of Bonaire (2012–2014)
 * Edison Rijna, Lieutenant Governor of Bonaire (2014–present)
 * 🇨🇼 Curaçao (autonomous territory)
 * Governor – Lucille George-Wout, Governor of Curaçao (2013–present)
 * Prime Minister – Ivar Asjes, Prime Minister of Curaçao (2013–2015)
 *  Saba (special municipality)
 * Lieutenant Governor – Jonathan G. A. Johnson, Lieutenant Governor of Saba (2008–present)
 *  Sint Eustatius (special municipality)
 * Lieutenant Governor – Gerald Berkel, Lieutenant Governor of Sint Eustatius (2010–2016)
 *  Sint Maarten  (autonomous territory)
 * Governor – Eugene Holiday, Governor of Sint Maarten (2010–present)
 * Prime Minister
 * Sarah Wescot-Williams, Prime Minister of Sint Maarten (2010–2014)
 * Marcel Gumbs, Prime Minister of Sint Maarten (2014–2015) )

New Zealand
See also: Antarctic Treaty
 * 🇨🇰 Cook Islands (self-governing territory)
 * High Commissioner –
 * Joanna Kempkers, High Commissioner of the Cook Islands (2013–2014)
 * Aimee Jephson, Acting High Commissioner of the Cook Islands (2014–2015)
 * Queen's Representative – Tom Marsters, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2013–present)
 * Prime Minister – Henry Puna, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2010–2020)
 * 🇳🇺 Niue (associated state)
 * High Commissioner
 * Mark Blumsky, High Commissioner of Niue (2011–2014)
 * Ross Ardern, High Commissioner of Niue (2014–2018) )
 * Premier – Toke Talagi, Premier of Niue (2008–2020)
 * 🇳🇿 Ross Dependency (New Zealand Antarctic Territory)  (territory)
 * Administered by the New Zealand Antarctic Division
 * New Zeelnand Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.
 * 🇹🇰 Tokelau (territory)
 * Administrator – Jonathan Kings, Administrator of Tokelau (2011–2015)
 * Head of Government
 * Salesio Lui, Head of Government of Tokelau (2013–2014)
 * Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2014–2015)

Norway
See also: Antarctic Treaty.
 * 🇳🇴 Bouvet Island (territory)
 * Administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security from Oslo
 * 🇳🇴 Jan Mayen (territory)
 * Administered by Governor of Nordland county of Norway
 * 🇳🇴 Peter I Island (territory)
 * Administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security from Oslo
 * 🇳🇴 Queen Maud Land (territory)
 * Administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security from Oslo
 * Norwegian Antarctic claim has not been recognised by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.
 * 🇳🇴 Svalbard (territory)
 * Governor – Odd Olsen Ingerø, Governor of Svalbard (2009–2015)

Portugal

 * Azores (autonomous region)
 * Representative of the (Portuguese) Republic – Pedro Manuel dos Reis Alves Catarino, Representative of the Republic In Azores (2011–present)
 * President of the Government – Vasco Cordeiro, President of the Government of the Azores (2012–2020)
 * Madeira (autonomous region)
 * Representative of the (Portuguese) Republic – Irineu Cabral Barreto, Representative of the Republic In Madeira (2011–present)
 * President of the Government – Alberto João Jardim, President of the Government of the Madeira (1978–2015)

Spain

 * Alborán Island (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by Ayuntamiento de Almería the Comarca of Almería of Spain
 * 🇪🇸 Peñón de Alhucemas (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by Spanish Government
 *  Canary Islands (autonomous community)
 * Government Delegate – María del Carmen Hernández Bento, Government Delegate in Canary Island (2011–2015)
 * President – Paulino Rivero, President of the Canary Islands (2007–2015)
 *  Ceuta (autonomous city)
 * Government Delegate – Francisco Antonio González Pérez, Government Delegate in Ceuta (2011–2015)
 * Mayor-President – Juan Jesús Vivas Lara, Mayor-President of Ceuta (2001–present)
 * 🇪🇸 Chafarinas Islands (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by Spanish Government
 *  Melilla (autonomous city)
 * Government Delegate – Abdelmalik El Barkani Abdelkader, Government Delegate in Melilla (2011–2018)
 * Mayor-President – Juan José Imbroda, Mayor-President of Melilla (2000–2019)
 * 🇪🇸 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by Spanish Government

South Africa

 * Prince Edward Islands (uninhabited territory)
 * Administered by Director of Southern Ocean and Antarctic Support of the South African ministry for Branch of Oceans and Coasts of the Department of Environmental Affairs

United Kingdom / British Crown
See also: Antarctic Treaty.
 * 🇬🇧 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (overseas territory)
 * Administrator – Richard J. Cripwell, Administrator of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (2013–2015)
 * 🇦🇮 Anguilla (overseas territory)
 * Governor – Christina Scott, Governor of Anguilla (2013–2017)
 * Chief Minister – Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2010–2015)
 * 🇧🇲 Bermuda (overseas territory)
 * Governor – George Fergusson, Governor of Bermuda (2012–2016)
 * Premier
 * Craig Cannonier, Premier of Bermuda (2012–2014)
 * Michael Dunkley, Premier of Bermuda (2014–2017)
 *  British Antarctic Territory (overseas territory)
 * Commissioner – Peter Hayes, Commissioner of the British Antarctic Territory (2012–2016)
 * Administrator – Henry Burgess, Administrator of the British Antarctic Territory (2011–2016)
 * British Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.
 * 🇮🇴 British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Islands) (overseas territory)
 * Commissioner – Peter Hayes, Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory (2012–2016)
 * Administrator – Tom Moody, Administrator of British Indian Ocean Territory (2013–2016)
 *  British Virgin Islands (overseas territory)
 * Governor
 * William Boyd McCleary, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2010–2014)
 * V. Inez Archibald, Acting Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2014)
 * John Duncan, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2014–2017)
 * Premier – Orlando Smith, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (2011–2019)
 * 🇰🇾 Cayman Islands (overseas territory)
 * Governor – Helen Kilpatrick, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2013–2018)
 * Premier – Alden McLaughlin, Premier of the Cayman Islands (2013–2021)
 *  Falkland Islands (overseas territory)
 * Governor
 * Nigel Haywood, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2010–2014)
 * Sandra Tyler-Haywood, Acting Governor of the Falkland Islands (2014)
 * John Duncan, Acting Governor of the Falkland Islands (2014)
 * Colin Roberts, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2014–2017)
 * 🇬🇮 Gibraltar (overseas territory)
 * Governor – Sir James Dutton, Governor of Gibraltar (2013–2015)
 * Chief Minister – Fabian Picardo, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (2011–present)
 * 🇬🇬 Guernsey (crown dependency)
 * Monarch – Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
 * Lieutenant-Governor – Peter Walker, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (2011–2015)
 * Bailiff – Richard Collas, Bailiff of Guernsey (2012–2020)
 * Chief minister –
 * Peter Harwood, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2012–2014)
 * Jonathan Le Tocq, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2014–2016)
 *  Alderney (self-governing island)
 * Head of Government – Stuart Trought, President of the States of Alderney (2011 – 2019)
 *  Sark (self-governing island)
 * Seigneur – John Michael Beaumont, Seigneur of Sark (1974 – 2016)
 * 🇯🇪 Jersey (crown dependency)
 * Monarch – Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
 * Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John McColl, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (2011–2016)
 * Bailiff – Michael Birt, Bailiff of Jersey (2009–2015)
 * Chief Minister – Ian Gorst, Chief Minister of Jersey (2011–2018)
 * 🇮🇲 Isle of Man (crown dependency)
 * Monarch – Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann (1952–present)
 * Lieutenant-Governor – Adam Wood, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (2011–2016)
 * Chief minister – Allan Bell, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2011–2016)
 * 🇲🇸 Montserrat (overseas territory)
 * Governor – Adrian Davis, Governor of Montserrat (2011–2015)
 * Premier–
 * Reuben Meade, Premier of Montserrat (2010-2014) (Chief Minister 2009-2010)
 * Donaldson Romeo, Premier of Montserrat (2014–2019)
 *  Pitcairn Islands (overseas territory)
 * Governor –
 * Victoria Treadell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2010–2014)
 * Jonathan Sinclair, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2014–2017)
 * Administrator – Alan Richmond, Administrator of the Pitcairn Islands (2014–2016)
 * Mayor –Shawn Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2014–2019)
 * 🇬🇧 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Overseas Territory)
 *  Saint Helena
 * Governor – Mark Andrew Capes, Governor of Saint Helena (2011–2016)
 *  Ascension
 * Governor – Mark Andrew Capes, Governor of Ascension (2011–2016)
 * Colin Wells, Administrator of Ascension (2011–2014)
 * Marc Holland, Administrator of Ascension (2014–2018)
 *  Tristan da Cunha
 * Governor – Mark Andrew Capes, Governor of Tristan da Cunha (2011–2016)
 * Administrator – Alex Mitham, Administrator of Tristan da Cunha (2013–2016)
 *  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (overseas territory)
 * Administrated by the Governor of the Falkland Islands
 * 🇹🇨 Turks and Caicos Islands (overseas territory)
 * Governor – Peter Beckingham, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2013–2016)
 * Premier – Rufus Ewing, Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2012–2016)

United States

 * 🇦🇸 American Samoa (unincorporated territory)
 * Governor – Lolo Matalasi Moliga, Governor of American Samoa (2013–2021)
 * 🇺🇸 Baker Island (unincorporated territory)
 * Administrated by US Department of the Interior
 * 🇬🇺 Guam (unincorporated territory)
 * Governor – Eddie Calvo, Governor of Guam (2011–2019)
 * 🇺🇸 Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (rented naval station)
 * Commander – capt. John R. Nettleton, Commander of Guantanamo Bay Naval Station (2012–2015)
 * 🇺🇸 Howland Island (unincorporated territory)
 * Administered by US Department of the Interior
 * 🇺🇸 Jarvis Island (unincorporated territory)
 * Administered by US Department of the Interior
 * 🇺🇸 Johnston Atoll (unincorporated territory)
 * Administered by US Department of the Interior
 * 🇺🇸 Kingman Reef (unincorporated territory)
 * Administered by US Department of the Interior
 * 🇺🇸 Midway Islands (unincorporated territory)
 * Administered by US Department of the Interior
 * 🇺🇸 Navassa Island (unincorporated territory)
 * Administered by US Department of the Interior
 * 🇲🇵 Northern Mariana Islands (commonwealth)
 * Governor – Eloy Inos, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2013–2015)
 * 🇺🇸 Palmyra Atoll (incorporated territory)
 * Administered by US Department of the Interior
 * 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico (commonwealth)
 * Governor – Alejandro García Padilla, Governor of Puerto Rico (2013–2017)
 *  United States Virgin Islands (unincorporated territory)
 * Governor – John de Jongh, Governor of the US Virgin Islands (2007–2015)
 *  Wake Island (unincorporated territory)
 * Administered by US Department of the Interior

Others

 * 🇦🇶 Antarctica (territory with international status under the regulations of Antarctic Treaty, signed by 50 states, uninhabited territory)
 * Executive Secretary – Manfred Reinke (Germany), Executive Secretary of Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (2009–2017)
 * Marie Byrd Land
 * Unclaimed territory in Antarctica
 * Paracel Islands
 * Occupied by the People's Republic of China; claimed by Vietnam and the Republic of China (Taiwan)
 * Spratly Islands
 * Claimed in their entirety by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam; portions claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; about 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from the People's Republic of China, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam; Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim