List of mammals of Iraq

The list of mammals of Iraq comprises seventy-eight mammal species, of which one is endangered, eleven are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. One of the species is probably locally extinct in the wild.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
 * Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
 * Subfamily: Antilopinae
 * Genus: Gazella
 * Arabian sand gazelle, G. marica
 * Goitered gazelle, G. subgutturosa presence uncertain
 * Subfamily: Caprinae
 * Genus: Capra
 * Wild goat, C. aegagrus
 * Genus: Ovis
 * Mouflon, O. gmelini
 * Family: Cervidae (deer)
 * Subfamily: Capreolinae
 * Genus: Capreolus
 * Roe deer, C. capreolus
 * Subfamily: Cervinae
 * Genus: Cervus
 * Red deer, C. elaphus
 * Family: Suidae (pigs)
 * Genus: Sus
 * Wild boar, S. scrofa

Order: Carnivora
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
 * Suborder: Feliformia
 * Family: Felidae (cats)
 * Subfamily: Felinae
 * Genus: Caracal
 * Caracal, C. caracal
 * Genus: Felis
 * Jungle cat, F. chaus
 * African wildcat, F. lybica
 * Sand cat, F. margarita
 * Genus: Lynx
 * Eurasian lynx, L. lynx
 * Subfamily: Pantherinae
 * Genus: Panthera
 * Leopard, P. pardus
 * Panthera pardus tulliana
 * Family: Hyaenidae
 * Genus: Hyaena
 * Striped hyena, H. hyaena
 * Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
 * Genus: Urva
 * Small Indian mongoose, U. auropunctata
 * Suborder: Caniformia
 * Family: Canidae
 * Genus: Canis
 * Golden jackal, C. aureus
 * Persian jackal, C. a. aureus
 * Syrian jackal, C. a. syriacus
 * Gray wolf, C. lupus
 * Arabian wolf, C. l. arabs
 * Genus: Vulpes
 * Rüppell's fox, V. rueppellii
 * Red fox, V. vulpes
 * Family: Ursidae (bears)
 * Genus: Ursus
 * Brown bear, U. arctos
 * Syrian brown bear, U. a. syriacus
 * Family: Mustelidae
 * Genus: Lutra
 * Eurasian otter, L. lutra
 * Genus: Lutrogale
 * Smooth-coated otter, L. perspicillata
 * Genus: Martes
 * European pine marten, M. martes
 * Genus: Meles
 * Caucasian badger, M. canescens
 * Genus: Mellivora
 * Honey badger, M. capensis
 * Genus: Vormela
 * Marbled polecat, V. peregusna

Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
 * Suborder: Mysticeti
 * Family: Balaenopteridae
 * Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
 * Genus: Balaenoptera
 * Bryde's whale, B. edeni
 * Subfamily: Megapterinae
 * Genus: Megaptera
 * Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae
 * Suborder: Odontoceti
 * Superfamily: Platanistoidea
 * Family: Phocoenidae
 * Genus: Neophocaena
 * Finless porpoise, N. phocaenoides
 * Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
 * Genus: Grampus
 * Risso's dolphin, G. griseus
 * Genus: Pseudorca
 * False killer whale, P. crassidens
 * Genus: Sousa
 * Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, S. chinensis

Order: Chiroptera (bats)
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
 * Family: Vespertilionidae
 * Subfamily: Myotinae
 * Genus: Myotis
 * Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii
 * Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii
 * Natterer's bat, M. nattereri
 * Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
 * Genus: Eptesicus
 * Botta's serotine, E. bottae
 * Northern bat, E. nilssoni
 * Genus: Otonycteris
 * Desert long-eared bat, O. hemprichii
 * Genus: Pipistrellus
 * Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii
 * Rüppell's pipistrelle, P. rueppelli
 * Genus: Rhyneptesicus
 * Sind bat, R. nasutus
 * Subfamily: Miniopterinae
 * Genus: Miniopterus
 * Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii
 * Family: Rhinopomatidae
 * Genus: Rhinopoma
 * Lesser mouse-tailed bat, R. hardwickei
 * Greater mouse-tailed bat, R. microphyllum
 * Family: Molossidae
 * Genus: Tadarida
 * European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis
 * Family: Rhinolophidae
 * Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
 * Genus: Rhinolophus
 * Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale
 * Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum
 * Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros
 * Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
 * Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
 * Subfamily: Erinaceinae
 * Genus: Hemiechinus
 * Long-eared hedgehog, H. auritus
 * Genus: Paraechinus
 * Desert hedgehog, P. aethiopicus

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
 * Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
 * Genus: Lepus
 * Cape hare, L. capensis
 * European hare, L. europaeus

Order: Rodentia
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg.
 * Suborder: Sciurognathi
 * Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
 * Subfamily: Sciurinae
 * Tribe: Sciurini
 * Genus: Sciurus
 * Caucasian squirrel, S. anomalus
 * Family: Gliridae (dormice)
 * Subfamily: Leithiinae
 * Genus: Dryomys
 * Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula
 * Genus: Eliomys
 * Asian garden dormouse, E. melanurus
 * Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
 * Subfamily: Allactaginae
 * Genus: Allactaga
 * Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica
 * Family: Spalacidae
 * Subfamily: Spalacinae
 * Genus: Nannospalax
 * Palestine mole rat, Nannospalax ehrenbergi LC
 * Family: Cricetidae
 * Subfamily: Cricetinae
 * Genus: Cricetulus
 * Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius
 * Genus: Mesocricetus
 * Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti
 * Subfamily: Arvicolinae
 * Genus: Microtus
 * Günther's vole, Microtus guentheri
 * Persian vole, Microtus irani
 * Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters)
 * Subfamily: Deomyinae
 * Genus: Acomys
 * Cairo spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus LC
 * Subfamily: Gerbillinae
 * Genus: Gerbillus
 * Cheesman's gerbil, Gerbillus cheesmani
 * Wagner's gerbil, Gerbillus dasyurus
 * Gerbillus mesopotamiae
 * Gerbillus nanus LC
 * Genus: Meriones
 * Sundevall's jird, Meriones crassus LC
 * Libyan jird, Meriones libycus LC
 * Persian jird, Meriones persicus
 * Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami
 * Genus: Tatera
 * Indian gerbil, Tatera indica
 * Subfamily: Murinae
 * Genus: Apodemus
 * Persian field mouse, Apodemus arianus
 * Broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus mystacinus
 * Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus
 * Genus: Nesokia
 * Bunn's short-tailed bandicoot rat, Nesokia bunnii
 * Short-tailed bandicoot rat, Nesokia indica LC

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
 * Family: Dugongidae
 * Genus: Dugong
 * Dugong, D. dugon

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
 * Family: Soricidae (shrews)
 * Subfamily: Crocidurinae
 * Genus: Crocidura
 * Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon
 * Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens

Locally extinct
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
 * Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus
 * European bison, Bison bonasus
 * Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber
 * Persian fallow deer, Dama mesopotamica
 * Onager, Equus hemionus
 * Arabian oryx, Oryx leucoryx
 * Lion, Panthera leo
 * Tiger, Panthera tigris