List of molluscs of Falcón State, Venezuela



Falcón State is a state on the coast in the northwestern part of the country of Venezuela. Falcón State covers a total surface area of 24,800 km2 and, in 2010, had an estimated population of 950,057. There are four national parks in the state: the Médanos de Coro National Park, the Cueva de la Quebrada del Toro, Morrocoy, and Juan Crisóstomo Falcón National Park.

A large number of species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine molluscs are found in the wild in Falcón State. However, most of the marine mollusks in the area are the same species that occur elsewhere in the Caribbean faunal zone.

This is a partial list of the molluscs of Falcón State. The families are listed alphabetically within the classes. Whether the family is marine, terrestrial or freshwater is indicated after the name of the family, but there is no attempt to separate marine species from non-marine species.

Class Gastropoda
Achatinidae – terrestrial
 * Achatina fulica (Bowdick, 1822)

Acmaeidae – marine Cylichnidae – marine
 * Patelloida pustulata (Helbling, 1779)
 * Tectura antillarum (Sowerby, 1831)
 * Lottia leucopleura (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Acteocina canaliculata (Say, 1822)

Aplustridae - marine
 * Hydatina vesicaria (Lightfoot, 1786)

Aplysiidae – marine
 * Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828

Ampullariidae - freshwater Architectonicidae – marine
 * Marisa cornuarietis (Linnaeus, 1756)
 * Pomacea chemnitzii (Philippi, 1852)
 * Pomacea falconensis Pain & Arias, 1958
 * Pomacea glauca (Linnaeus, 1756)
 * Pomacea superba Marshall, 1928
 * Architectonica nobilis Roding, 1798
 * Heliacus cylindricus (Gmelin, 1791)

Buccinidae – marine
 * Pisania pusio (Linneo, 1758)
 * Pisania auritula (Link, 1807)
 * Pisania lineata (Conrad, 1846)
 * Engina turbinella (Kiener, 1835)
 * Pallacera guadalupensis (Petit, 1852)
 * Babylonia areolata (Link, 1807)

Bulimulidae – terrestrial Bullidae – marine
 * Eudolichotis distorta (Bruguiere)
 * Plekocheilus blainvillianus (Pfeiffer)
 * Bulla striata Bruguiére, 1792
 * Bulla solida (Gmelin, 1791)

Bursidae – marine
 * Bursa bufo (Bruguiere, 1792)
 * Bursa granularis cubaniana (Orbigny, 1842)

Caecidae – marine
 * Caecum pulchellum Stimpson, 1851
 * Caecum ryssotitum Folin, 1867

Cancellariidae – marine
 * Cancellaria reticulata (Linneo, 1767)

Cassidae – marine Cerithiidae – marine
 * Phalium granulatum (Borm, 1778)
 * Cypraecassis testiculus (Linneo, 1758)
 * Sconsia striata (Lamarck, 1816)
 * Cassis madagascariensis Lamarck, 1822
 * Cassis tuberosa (Linneo, 1758)
 * Cerithium litterattum (Born, 1778)
 * Cerithium guinaicum Philippi, 1849
 * Cerithium eburneum Bruguiere, 1792
 * Cerithium lutosum Menke, 1828
 * Cerithium algicola C.B. Adams, 1848
 * Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778)
 * Bittium varium (Pfeiffer, 1840)

Columbellidae – marine
 * Columbella mercatoria Linneo, 1758
 * Anachis obesa C.B. Adams, 1845
 * Nitidella laevigata (Linneo, 1758)
 * Mazatlania aciculata (Lamarck, 1822)
 * Rhombinella laevigata (Linneo, 1758)
 * Mitrella argus Orbigny, 1842

Conidae – marine
 * Conus puncticulatus Hwass, 1792
 * Conus mus Hwass, 1792
 * Conus austini Rehder & Abbott, 1951
 * Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791
 * Conus centurio Born, 1778

Calyptraeidae – marine
 * Calyptraea centralis (Conrad, 1841)
 * Crucibulum marense Weisbord
 * Crucibulum auricula (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Crepidula convexa Say, 1822
 * Crepidula plana Say, 1822

Cymatiidae – marine Cypraeidae – marine
 * Cymatium pileare martinianum Orbigny, 1842
 * Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822)
 * Cymatium muricinum (Roding, 1798)
 * Cymatium parthenopeum (Von Salis, 1793)
 * Cymatium moritinctum caribbaeum Clench & Turner, 1957
 * Charonia variegata (Lamarck, 1816)
 * Distorsio clathrata (Lamarck, 1816)
 * Cypraea zebra Linneo, 1758
 * Cypraea spurca acicularis Gmelin, 1791
 * Siphocypraea mus Linneo, 1758

Dorididae – marine
 * Glossodoris bayeri Marcus & Marcus, 1967

Eratoidae – marine
 * Trivia pediculus (Linneo, 1758)

Epitoniidae – marine
 * Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)

Fasciolariidae – marine
 * Fasciolaria hollisteri (Weisbord, 1962)
 * Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Latirus infundibulum (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Fusinus helenae Bartsch, 1939
 * Fusinus closter (Philippi, 1850)
 * Fusinus bitteri Gibson-Smith

Ficidae – marine
 * Ficus communis Roding, 1798

Fissurellidae – marine
 * Fissurella nodosa (Born, 1778)
 * Fissurella nimbosa Linneo, 1758
 * Diodora jaumei Aguayo & Rehder, 1936
 * Diodora cayenensis (Lamarck, 1822)
 * Diodora tisteri (Orbigny, 1842)
 * Hemitoma octoradiata (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Lucapina philippiana (Finlay, 1930)
 * Lucapina sowerbyi (Sowerby, 1835)

Haliotidae – marine Haminoeidae – marine
 * Haliotis pourtalesii Dall, 1881 )
 * Haminoea antillarum (Orbigny, 1841)
 * Haminoea succinea (Conrad, 1846)

Hipponicidae – marine
 * Hipponix anticuatus (Linneo, 1767)

Hydrobiidae – freshwater Janthinidae – marine
 * Potamopyrgus ernesti (Martens, 1873)
 * Jantina globosa Swainson, 1822

Littorinidae – marine
 * Littorina nebulosa (Lamarck, 1822)
 * Littorina angulifera (Lamarck, 1822)
 * Littorina lineolata Orbigny, 1840
 * Littorina angustior Morch, 1876
 * Nodilittorina tuberculata (Menke, 1828)
 * Tectarius muricatus (Linneo, 1758)

Marginellidae – marine
 * Marginella prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Marginella circumvitata Weisbord, 1962
 * Persicula interruptolineata (Muhlfeld, 1816)
 * Hyalina albolineata (Orbigny, 1842)

Strophocheilidae – terrestrial
 * Megalobulimus oblongus (Müller 1774)

Ellobiidae – terrestrial
 * Melampus coffeus (Linneo, 1758)

Eulimidae – marine
 * Melanella intermedia (Cantraine, 1835)

Melongenidae – marine
 * Melongena melongena (Linneo, 1758)
 * Melongena corona (Gmelin, 1791)

Mitridae – marine
 * Mitra nodulosa (Gmelin, 1791)

Modulidae – marine Muricidae – marine
 * Modulus modulus (Linneo, 1758)
 * Chicoreus brevifrons Lamarck, 1822
 * Morula nodulosa (C.B. Adams, 1845)
 * Murex donmoorei Bullis, 1964
 * Murex cabritii Bemardi, 1859
 * Murex chrysostomus Sowerby, 1834
 * Murex margaritensis Abbott, 1958
 * Murex formosus Sowerby, 1841
 * Purpura patula Linneo, 1758
 * Thais rustica (Lamarck, 1822)
 * Thais deltoidea (Lamarck, 1822)
 * Thais haemastoma floridana Conrad, 1837

Naticidae – marine
 * Naticarius canrena (Linneo, 1758)
 * Natica marochiensis (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Polinices hepaticus (Roding, 1798)
 * Polinices lacteus (Guilding, 1834)
 * Sinum maculatum (Say, 1831)

Nassariidae – marine
 * Nassarius vibex (Say, 1822)

Neocyclotidae – terrestrial
 * Poteria dysoni (Pfeifer)

Neritidae – marine and freshwater Olividae – marine
 * Nerita peloronta Linneo, 1758
 * Nerita versicolor Gmelin, 1791
 * Nerita tesselata Gmelin, 1791
 * Nerita fulgurans Gmelin, 1791
 * Neritina meleagris Lamarck, 1822
 * Neritina piratica Russel, 1940
 * Neritina virginea (Linneo, 1758)
 * Neritina reclivata (Say, 1822)
 * Smaragdia viridis maris (Linneo, 1758)
 * Oliva schepmani Weisbord, 1962
 * Oliva scripta Lamarck, 1810
 * Olivella minuta (Link, 1807)
 * Ancilla glabrata (Linneo, 1758)

Orthalicidae – terrestrial
 * Drymaeus knorri (Pfeffer, 1846)
 * Orthalicus maracaibensis (Pfeiffer)

Ovulidae – marine
 * Cyphoma intermedium Cate, 1973
 * Cyphoma gibbosum (Linneo, 1758)

Pachychilidae – terrestrial
 * Pachychilus laevisimus (Sowerby, 1824)

Phasianellidae – marine
 * Tricolia affinis (C.B. Adams, 1850)
 * Tricolia thalassicola Robertson, 1958
 * Tricolia tessellata (Potiez & Hichaud, 1838)

Planaxidae – marine
 * Planaxis nucleus (Bruguiere, 1789)

Planorbidae – freshwater
 * Drepanotrema aheum Baker, 1930
 * Drepanotrema cimex pistiae Baker, 1930

Pleurodontidae – terrestrial
 * Labyrinthus leucodon (Pfeiffer, 1847)
 * Labyrinthus umbrus (Thompson, 1957)

Potamididae – marine
 * Cerithidea costata (Da Costa, 1778)
 * Batillaria minima (Gmelin, 1791)

Rissoinidae – marine
 * Rissoina fischeri Desjardin, 1949
 * Rissoina bryerea (Montagu, 1803)
 * Rissoina decussata (Montagu, 1803)
 * Zebina browniana (Orbigny, 1842)
 * Alvania auberiana (Orbigny, 1842)

Siphonariidae – marine
 * Siphonaria pectinata (Linneo, 1758)

Strombidae – marine Subulinidae – terrestrial
 * Strombus pugilis Linneo, 1758
 * Strombus raninus Gmelin, 1791
 * Strombus gigas Linneo, 1758
 * Leptinaria lamellata (Potiez & Michaud, 1838)
 * Opeas beckianum (Pfeifer)
 * Opeas pumilium (Pfeifer)
 * Subulina octona (Bruguièri, 1792)

Terebridae – marine
 * Terebra protexta Conrad 1845
 * Terebra cinerea (Born, 1778)
 * Terebra taurina Lightfoot, 1786

Thiaridae – freshwater
 * Thira granifera (Lamarck, 1816)
 * Melanoides tuberculata (Múller, 1774)

Tonnidae – marine
 * Tonna maculosa (Dillwyn, 1817)
 * Tonna galea (Linneo, 1758)

Trochidae – marine
 * Cittarium pica (Linneo, 1758)
 * Calliostoma pulchrum (C.B. Adams, 1850)
 * Calliostoma sarcodulum Dall
 * Tegula fasciata (Born, 1778)
 * Tegula viridula (Gmelin, 1791)

Turbinellidae – marine
 * Turbinella angulata (Lightfoot, 1786)
 * Vasum muricatum (Born, 1778)

Turbinidae – marine
 * Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791
 * Astraea brevispina (Lamarck, 1822)
 * Astraea tuber (Linneo, 1767)
 * Astraea caelata (Gmelin, 1791)

Turridae – marine
 * Fusiturrieula pauletae Princz, 1978
 * Polystira albida (Perry, 1811)
 * Drillia gibbosa (Born, 1778)
 * Hindsiclava consors (Sowerby)
 * Pyrgocythara candidissima (C.B. Adams, 1845)

Turritellidae – marine
 * Turritella variegata (Linneo, 1758)
 * Turritella paraguanensis F. Hudson

Urocoptidae – terrestrial
 * Brachypodella hanleyana (Pfeiffer)
 * Brachypodella leucopleura (Menke, 1847)

Vermetidae – marine
 * Serpulorbis decussatus (Gmelin, 1791)

Vitrinellidae – marine
 * Teinostoma megastoma (C.B. Adams, 1850)

Volutidae – marine
 * Voluta musica Linneo, 1758

Class Bivalvia
Arcidae - marine
 * Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833)
 * Arca imbricada Bruguiere, 1789
 * Barbatia candida (Helbling, 1779)
 * Barbatia tenera (C.B. Adams, 1845)
 * Barbatia cancellaria (Lamarck, 1819)
 * Barbatia dominguensis (Lamarck, 1819)
 * Anadara floridana (Comad, 1869)
 * Anadara brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819)
 * Anadara notabilis (Roding, 1798)
 * Anadara chemnitzii (Philippi, 1851)
 * Anadara ovalis (Bruguiere, 1789)
 * Anadara baughmani Hertlein, 1951
 * Noetia bisulcata (Lamarck, 1819)
 * Arcopsis adamsi (Dall, 1886)

Cardiidae - marine
 * Trachycardium isocardia (Linneo, 1758)
 * Trachycardium muricatum (Linneo, 1758)
 * Papyridea soleniformis (Bruguiere, 1789
 * Trigonocardia antillarum (Orbigny, 1842)
 * Laevicardium laevigatum (Linneo, 1758)
 * Crassinella martinicensis (Orbigny, 1842)

Carditidae - marine
 * Carditamera gracilis (Shuttleworth, 1856)

Chamidae - marine
 * Chama lactuca Dall, 1886
 * Chama macerophylla (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Chama florida Lamarck, 1819
 * Pseudochama radians (Lamarck, 1819)
 * Arcinella arcinella (Unneo, 1767)
 * Arcinella corneta Comad, 1866

Corbulidae - marine
 * Corbula aequivalvis Philippi, 1836
 * Corbula contracta Say, 1822
 * Corbula caribaea Orbigny, 1842

Crassatellidae - marine
 * Eucrassatella antillarum (Reeve, 1842)

Donacidae - marine
 * Donax denticulatus Linneo, 1758
 * Donax striatus Linneo, 1767
 * Donax higuerotensis

Dreissenidae - marine
 * Mytilopsis sallei Récluz, 1849

Glycymeridae - marine Isognomonidae - marine
 * Glycymeris castaneus Lamarck
 * Glycymeris pectinata (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791)

Limidae - marine
 * Lima scabra (Born, 1778)
 * Lima pellucida C.B. Adams, 1846

Lucinidae - marine
 * Lucina pectinata (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Lucina muricata (Spengler, 1798)
 * Lucina radians (Conrad, 1841)
 * Codakia orbicularis (Linneo, 1758)
 * Codakia orbiculata (Montagu, 1808)
 * Codakia costata (Orbigny, 1842)
 * Divaricella quadrisulcata (Orbigny, 1842)
 * Anodontia alba Link, 1807

Mactridae - marine
 * Mactra fragilis Gmelin, 1791
 * Mactrellona alata (Spengler, 1802)
 * Mactrellona iheringi (Dall, 1897)
 * Mulinia cleryana (Orbigny, 1846)
 * Raeta plicatella (Lamarck, 1818)
 * Anatina anatina (Spengler, 1802)

Mytilidae - marine
 * Brachidontes modiolus (Linneo, 1767)
 * Brachidontes exustus (Linneo, 1758)
 * Brachidontes dominguensis (Lamarck, 1819)
 * Modiolus americanus (Leach, 1815)
 * Musculus lateralis (Say, 1822)
 * Perna perna (Linneo, 1758)
 * Amydalum papyrium (Conrad, 1846)

Nuculanidae - marine
 * Nuculana acuta (Conrad, 1831)
 * Adrana tellinoides (Sowerby, 1823)
 * Adrana gloriosa A. Adams

Nuculidae - marine
 * Nucula mareana Weisbord, 1964.

Ostreidae - marine
 * Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828)
 * Lopho frons (Linneo, 1758)

Pectinidae - marine
 * Pecten ziczac (Linneo, 1758)
 * Amusium papyraceum (Gabb, 1873)
 * Amusium laurenti (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Aequipecten lineolaris (Lamarck, 1819
 * Ch1amys muscosa (Wood, 1828)
 * Aequipecten acanthodes (Dall, 1925)
 * Argopecten gibbus (Linneo, 1758)
 * Argopecten nucleus (Born, 1778)
 * Argopecten irradian amplicostatus Dall, 1898
 * Lyropecten nodosus (Linneo, 1758)

Periplomatidae - marine
 * Periploma margaritacea (Lamarck, 1801)

Pinnidae - marine
 * Atrina rigida (Lightfoot, 1786)
 * Atrina venezuelana
 * Atrina bitteri Gibson-Smith
 * Atrina seminuda (Lamark, 1819)
 * Pinna carnea Gmelin, 1791

Pholadidae - marine
 * Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
 * Martesia fragilis Verril & Bush, 1890
 * Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822)

Plicatulidae - marine
 * Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck, 1801

Psammobiidae - marine
 * Sanguinolaria cruenta (Lightfoot, 1786)
 * Heterodonax bimaculatus (Linneo, 1758)

Pteriidae - marine
 * Pinctada imbricata Réiding, 1798
 * Pteria colymbus (Réiding, 1798)

Semelidae - marine
 * Semele projicua (Pulteney, 1799)

Solecurtidae - marine
 * Tagelus divisus (Spengler, 1794)
 * Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786)

Solenidae - marine
 * Solen obliquus Spengler, 1794

Spondylidae - marine
 * Spondylus ictericus Reeve, 1856
 * Spondylus americanus Hermann, 1781

Tellinidae - marine
 * Tellina fausta Pultency, 1799
 * Tellina lineata Turton, 1819
 * Tellina listeri Roding, 1798
 * Tellina punicea Born, 1778
 * Tellina tirata Turton, 1819
 * Tellina sandix Boss, 1968
 * Tellina exerythra Boss, 1964
 * Macoma constricta (Bruguiere, 1792)
 * Macoma tageliformis Dall, 1900
 * Macoma brasiliana Dall
 * Macoma brevifrons (Say, 1834)
 * Strigilla pseudocarnaria Boss, 1969
 * Strigilla producta Tryon, 1870
 * Psammotreta brevifrons (Say, 1834)

Thraciidae - marine
 * Cyathodonta magnifica Jonas, 1850

Ungulinidae - marine
 * Diplodonta candeana (Orbigny, 1842)
 * Diplodonta semiaspera (Philippi, 1836)

Veneridae - marine
 * Circomphalus strigillinus (Dall, 1902)
 * Periglypta listeri (Gray, 1838)
 * Ventricolaria rigida (Dillwyn, 1817)
 * Chione cancellata (Linneo, 1767)
 * Chione paphia (Linneo, 1767)
 * Chione pubera (Bory-Saint-Vicent, 1827)
 * Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Protothaca granulata (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778)
 * Pitar arestus (Dall & Simpson, 1901)
 * Pitar dione (Linneo, 1758)
 * Pitar circinatus (Born, 1778)
 * Pitar fulminatus (Menke, 1828)
 * Pitar albidus (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Macrocallista maculata (Linneo, 1758)
 * Cyclinella tenuis (Récluz, 1852)
 * Dosinia concentrica (Born, 1778)
 * Petricola lapicida (Gmelin, 1791)

Class Cephalopoda
Loliginidae - marine Octopodidae - marine
 * Loligo pealei (Lesueur, 1821
 * Lolliguncula brevis (Blainville, 1823)
 * Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Blainville, 1823)
 * Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
 * Octopus joubini Robson, 1929

Spirulidae - marine
 * Spirula spirula (Linneo, 1758)

Thysanoteuthidae - marine
 * Thysanoteuthys rhombus Troschel, 1857

Class Scaphopoda
Dentaliidae - marine
 * Dentalium laqueatum Verri1, 1885

Siphonodentallidae - marine
 * Cadulus quadridentatus (Dall, 1881)

Class Polyplacophora
Chitonidae - marine
 * Acanthopleura granulata (Gmelin, 1791)
 * Chiton marmoratus Gmelin, 1791
 * Chiton tuberculatus Linneo, 1758