List of names in A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Rationalists

Joseph McCabe published A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Rationalists in 1920 (London: Watts & Co.). Most (though not all) of those listed were also included in A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Freethinkers (1945)

A

 * Firmin Abauzit
 * Ernst Abbe
 * Francis Ellingwood Abbot
 * George Frederick Abbott
 * Leonard Dalton Abbott
 * Edmond About
 * Thomas Achelis or Thomas Ludwig Bernhard Achelis ( mentioned in de:Thomas Otto Achelis, his son)
 * ACKERMANN, Louise V.
 * ACOLLAS, Professor E.
 * ACOSTA, Uriel
 * ADAM, Professor Charles, D. es L.
 * ADAMS, Charles Francis
 * ADAMS, Francis W. L.
 * ADAMS, John, President of the United States
 * ADAMS, Robert
 * ADAMSON, Professor Robert, Ph.D.
 * ADCOCK, A. St. John
 * ADICKES, Professor E., Ph.D.
 * ADLER, Professor Felix, Ph.D.
 * AHRENS, Professor Heinrich, Ph.D.
 * AIKENHEAD, Thomas
 * AIRY, Sir George B., K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S.
 * AITZEMA, Lieuwe van
 * ALBEE, John
 * ALCOTT, Amos Bronson
 * ALEMBERT, Jean le Rond d'
 * ALFIERI, Count V.
 * ALGAROTTI, Count F.
 * Thomas Clifford Allbutt
 * ALLEN, Grant, B.A.
 * ALLEN, Colonel Ethan
 * ALLEN, John. M.D.
 * ALLINGHAM, William
 * ALLMAN, Professor G. J., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.
 * ALLSOP, Thomas
 * ALTMEYER, Professor J. J., Ph.D., D.C.L.
 * ALVIELLA, Count Goblet d'
 * AMARI, Professor M.
 * AMICIS, Edmondo de
 * AMIEL, Henri F.
 * ANDERSON, George

Ba

 * François-Noël Babeuf
 * Guido Baccelli
 * Robert Bage
 * Walter Bagehot
 * Jens Immanuel Baggesen
 * Julius Bahnsen
 * Karl Friedrich Bahrdt
 * Samuel Bailey
 * George Baillie
 * Alexander Bain
 * Mikhail Bakunin
 * James Mark Baldwin
 * William Platt Ball
 * John Ballance
 * José Manuel Balmaceda
 * Eduard Baltzer
 * Honoré de Balzac
 * François-Désiré Bancel ( see fr:François-Désiré Bancel)
 * Hubert Howe Bancroft
 * Giuseppe Baretti
 * George Barlow
 * Jane Barlow
 * Joel Barlow
 * Antoine Barnave
 * J. Edmestone Barnes
 * Jules Barni ( see fr:Jules Barni and hu:Jules Barni)
 * François Odysse Barot
 * Thomas Squire Barrett
 * Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire
 * Paul Joseph Barthez
 * Hector Alexandre Bartoli ( see fr:Hector Alexandre Bartoli)
 * Theodor Bartošek ( see cs:Theodor Bartošek)
 * Giacomo Barzelotti
 * Johann Bernhard Basedow
 * Marie Bashkirtseff
 * John Baskerville
 * Adolf Bastian
 * Henry Charlton Bastian
 * Frédéric Bastiat
 * Henry Walter Bates
 * Angelo Battelli
 * Cesare Battisti
 * Charles Pierre Baudelaire
 * Wolf Wilhelm Friedrich von Baudissin
 * Henri Baudrillart
 * Bruno Bauer
 * Edgar Bauer
 * Ernest Belfort Bax
 * Pierre Bayle

Be

 * Charles Marsh Beadnell
 * Louis de Beausobre
 * August Bebel
 * Cesare Beccaria
 * Erich Becher ( see de:Erich Becher and sv:Erich Becher)
 * Walter Frederick Becker
 * Hubert Beckers
 * William Thomas Beckford
 * Thomas Beddoes
 * Thomas Lovell Beddoes
 * Edward Spencer Beesly
 * Ludwig van Beethoven
 * Elphinstone Waters Begbie
 * Balthasar Bekker
 * Thomas Evans Bell
 * Gustave Belot
 * Hedwig Bender ( see de:Hedwig Bender)
 * Friedrich Eduard Beneke
 * Alfred William Benn
 * De Robigne Mortimer Bennett
 * Arnold Bennett
 * Jeremy Bentham
 * Pierre-Jean de Béranger
 * Henri Louis Bergson
 * John Berkenhout
 * Hector Berlioz
 * Claude Bernard
 * Henry Meyners Bernard
 * Aaron Bernstein
 * Eduard Bernstein
 * Paul Bert
 * Agostino Bertani
 * Marcellin Berthelot
 * Claude Louis Berthollet
 * Domenico Berti ( see it:Domenico Berti and sv:Domenico Berti)
 * Alphonse Bertillon
 * Louis Bertillon
 * George Berwick
 * Walter Besant
 * Matilda Betham-Edwards
 * Richard Bethell
 * Saverio Bettinelli
 * Marie-Henri Beyle

Bi

 * Aurelio Bianchi-Giovini ( see it:Aurelio Bianchi-Giovini)
 * Marie François Xavier Bichat
 * Ambrose Bierce
 * Alfred Binet
 * Jean-Baptiste Biot
 * William John Birch
 * George Birkbeck
 * Richard Bithell
 * Georges Bizet
 * Edwin August Björkmann
 * Bjornstjerne Bjornson
 * Grigorevich Blagosvetlov
 * William Blake
 * Louis Blanc
 * Louis Auguste Blanqui
 * Robert Blatchford
 * Linley Blathwayt
 * Karl Bleibtreu
 * Ange François Blein ( see fr:Ange François Blein)
 * Karl Blind
 * Mathilde Blind
 * Ivan Bloch
 * Charles Blount (deist)
 * Henry BLount
 * Thomas Pope Blount
 * Robert Blum

Bo

 * Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage
 * Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon
 * Jean Bodin
 * Wilhelm Boerner
 * Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux
 * Nicolas Boindin ( see fr:Nicolas Boindin)
 * Marie-Louis-Antoine-Gaston Boissier
 * Arrigo Boito
 * Johan Bojer
 * Wilhelm Bolin ( see fi:Wilhelm Bolin and sv:Wilhelm Bolin)
 * Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke
 * Simón Bolívar
 * Wilhelm Bolsche
 * Bernard Bolzano
 * Jérôme Bonaparte
 * Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
 * Ruggero Bonghi
 * Rosa Bonheur
 * Filippo de Boni ( see it:Filippo De Boni)
 * Charles Bonnet
 * John Bonnycastle
 * Charles Victor de Bonstetten
 * James Bonwick
 * James Booth (lawyer)
 * Ignaz von Born
 * Ludwig Börne
 * George Borrow
 * Bernard Bosanquet
 * Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc
 * Christopher Jacob Boström
 * Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes
 * Louis Antoine de Bougainville
 * Célestin Charles Alfred Bouglé
 * Francisque Bouillier
 * Henri de Boulainvilliers
 * Nicolas Antoine Boulanger
 * Léon Bourgeois
 * Désiré-Magloire Bourneville
 * Émile Boutmy
 * Émile Boutroux
 * Giovanni Bovio
 * Charles Bowen, Baron Bowen
 * Charles Bowman (secularist)
 * Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen

Br

 * Edward William Brabrook
 * Charles Bradlaugh
 * Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner
 * Francis Herbert Bradley
 * Hans Lien Brækstad ( see book translated? by him)
 * Teófilo Braga
 * Johannes Brahms
 * George Bramwell
 * Edvard Brandes
 * Georg Brandes
 * Louis Brandin
 * Hjalmar Branting
 * Lily Braun
 * Wilhelm von Braun ( see sv:Wilhelm von Braun)
 * Charles Bray
 * Wilhelm Breitenbach
 * Franz Brentano
 * E. Cobham Brewer
 * Henry Brewster (writer)
 * Aristide Briand
 * Horace J. Bridges
 * John Henry Bridges
 * Eugene Brieux
 * Daniel Garrison Brinton
 * Adolphe Brisson ( see fr:Adolphe Brisson)
 * Eugène Henri Brisson
 * Jacques Pierre Brissot
 * Augusta Cooper Bristol
 * Paul Broca
 * Benjamin Collins Brodie
 * Rupert Brooke
 * Stopford Augustus Brooke
 * William Brooksbank (writer)
 * Charles de Brosses
 * François-Joseph-Victor Broussais
 * Arthur Brown (jurist)
 * Ford Madox Brown
 * George William Brown (reformer)
 * John Armour Brown
 * Titus L. Brown
 * Walston Hill Brown
 * William Montgomery Brown
 * Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard
 * Thomas Browne
 * William George Browne
 * Robert Browning
 * Giordano Bruno

Bu

 * Walter James Buchanan
 * Robert Buchanan (Owenite)
 * Robert Williams Buchanan
 * Alexander Büchner
 * Friedrich Büchner
 * Henry Thomas Buckle
 * Odón de Buen y del Cos
 * Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
 * Ferdinand Buisson
 * Charles Buller
 * Luther Burbank
 * Jakob Burckhardt
 * Karl Friedrich Burdach
 * Francis Burdett
 * William Burdon
 * Thomas François Burgers
 * Jean Lévesque de Burigny
 * Thomas Burnet
 * James Burnett, Lord Monboddo
 * John Burnett
 * Émile-Louis Burnouf
 * Eugène Burnouf
 * John Burns
 * Robert Burns
 * John Burroughs
 * Thomas Burt
 * John Hill Burton
 * Richard Francis Burton
 * J. B. Bury
 * Samuel Butler, author of Hudibras
 * Samuel Butler, novelist
 * Vissarion Belinsky
 * Lord Byron

Ca

 * George-Paul-Sylvester Cabanis
 * Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis
 * William Ralph Hall Caine
 * Wathen Mark Wilks Call
 * Laureano Calderón y Arana ( see es:Laureano Calderón Arana)
 * Salvador Calderón y Arana ( see es:Salvador Calderón y Arana)
 * Charles Callaway
 * Charles Stuart Calverley
 * Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès
 * Thomas Campbell (poet)
 * Giovanni Canestrini
 * Stanislao Cannizzaro
 * Tommaso Cannizzaro ( see it:Tommaso Cannizzaro)
 * Carlo Cantoni ( see it:Carlo Cantoni)
 * Emily Palmer Cape
 * Giosuè Carducci
 * Richard Carlile
 * Henry Carlton (jurist)
 * John Aitken Carlyle
 * Thomas Carlyle
 * Andrew Carnegie
 * Bartolomäus von Carneri
 * Lazare Hippolyte Carnot
 * Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
 * Marie François Sadi Carnot
 * Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
 * Elme Marie Caro
 * Queen Caroline
 * Edward Carpenter
 * William Benjamin Carpenter
 * Herbert Wildon Carr
 * Jean-Louis Carra ( see fr:Jean-Louis Carra)
 * Jean Baptiste Nicholas Armand Carrel
 * Moritz Carrière
 * Julius Victor Carus
 * Karl Gustav Carus
 * Paul Carus
 * Giovanni Jacques de Seingalt Casanova
 * Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier
 * Otto Caspari ( see de:Otto Caspari)
 * Walter Richard Cassels
 * David Castelli
 * Jean-Louis Castilhon
 * Catherine the Great
 * Carlo Cattaneo
 * Giacomo Cattaneo
 * Charles Cattell
 * Éléonore-Louis Godefroi Cavaignac
 * Felice Carlo Emmanuele Cavallotti
 * Henry Cavendish
 * Jean-Mamert Cayla see fr:Jean-Mamert Cayla)
 * Émile-Honoré Cazelles ( see s:fr:Auteur:Émile Cazelles)



Ce

 * Joseph Antoine Joachim Cerutti
 * Giovanni Alfredo Cesareo ( see it:Giovanni Alfredo Cesareo)
 * Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour
 * Thomas Chaloner (regicide)
 * Basil Hall Chamberlain
 * Daniel Henry Chamberlain
 * Houston Stewart Chamberlain
 * Ephraim Chambers
 * Robert Chambers (publisher, born 1802)
 * Sebastien-Roch Nicolas Chamfort
 * Adelbert von Chamisso
 * Jean-François Champollion
 * Francis Leggatt Chantrey
 * John Chapman (publisher)
 * Jean Antoine Claude Chaptal
 * Victor Charbonnel ( but fr:Victor Charbonnel has incoming links)
 * Antoine Charma ( see fr:Antoine Charma)
 * Pierre Charron
 * François-Jean de Chastellux
 * Gabrielle Émilie du Châtelet
 * Thomas Chatterton
 * Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
 * Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chaussard
 * Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
 * André Marie Chénier
 * Marie-Joseph Chénier
 * Alice Chenoweth
 * Charles Victor Cherbuliez
 * Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini
 * Ramón Chíes y Gómez de Riofranco
 * Lydia Maria Francis Child
 * William Chilton (printer)
 * Percival Chubb
 * Thomas Chubb
 * Jules Arsène Arnaud Claretie
 * Marcus Andrew Hislop Clarke
 * Georges Eugène Benjamin Clemenceau
 * Samuel Langhorne Clemens
 * Martin Clifford
 * William Kingdon Clifford
 * Mrs. W. K. Clifford
 * Henry Cline
 * Edward Clodd
 * Jean-Baptiste du Val-de-Grâce, baron de Cloots
 * Arthur Hugh Clough
 * Thomas Clouston

Co

 * Chapman Cohen
 * Hermann Cohen
 * Stanton Coit
 * Henry John Coke
 * John Duke Coleridge
 * Jean Guillaume César Alexandre Hippolyte, baron de Colins ( see fr:Jean Hippolyte Colins de Ham)
 * John Collier (painter)
 * Christen Christian Dreyer Collin
 * Anthony Collins
 * John Churton Collins
 * Lucy N. Colman
 * Giovanni Battista Comazzi ( but we have lots of fleurons from his book. Cf. Henry Coventry (deist))
 * Andrew Combe
 * George Combe
 * Émile Justin Louis Combes
 * Thomas Common
 * Domenico Comparetti
 * Jules Gabriel Compayré
 * François-Charles-Louis Comte
 * Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte
 * Étienne Bonnot de Mably de Condillac
 * Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet
 * Marie Louise Sophie Grouchy, Marquise of Condorcet
 * Richard Congreve
 * Joseph Conrad
 * Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque
 * Vasile Conta (Basil Conta)
 * Hugh Conway
 * Moncure Daniel Conway
 * William Martin Conway
 * Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare
 * Keningale Robert Cook ( now only remembered as the husband of Mabel Collins)
 * Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
 * Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury
 * John Gilbert Cooper
 * Robert Cooper (Owenite)
 * Thomas Cooper
 * Edward Drinker Cope
 * Henri Arthur Marie Cornette
 * Otto Julius Bernhard von Corvin-Wiersbitzki
 * Henry John Stedman Cotton
 * Paul Louis Courier de Méré
 * Leonard Henry Courtney
 * William Leonard Courtney
 * Victor Cousin
 * Henry Coventry (deist) ( but we have lots of fleurons from his book. Cf. Giovanni Battista Comazzi )
 * William Coward
 * Joseph Cowen
 * Johan Nikolai Cramer
 * Christopher Pearse Cranch
 * Walter Crane
 * William Randal Cremer
 * Vincenzo Crescini ( see it:Vincenzo Crescini)
 * Benedetto Croce
 * David Goodman Croly
 * Henry Crompton
 * Mary Ann Cross (George Eliot)
 * John Beattie Crozier
 * Franz-Valéry-Marie Cumont
 * Heinrich Czolbe

Da

 * Étienne Noël Damilaville
 * Jean Philibert Damiron
 * Vincenzo Dandolo
 * Agnes Mary Frances Darmesteter
 * James Darmesteter
 * Frances Darusmont
 * Charles Darwin
 * Erasmus Darwin
 * Francis Darwin
 * George Howard Darwin
 * Leonard Darwin
 * Alphonse Daudet
 * Pierre Claude François Daunou
 * Jacques-Louis David
 * Caroline Augusta Rhys Davids
 * Thomas William Rhys Davids
 * John Davidson (poet)
 * Thomas Davidson (philosopher)
 * Charles Maurice Davies
 * Helen Hamilton Gardner Day

De

 * Élie Louis Marie Marc Antoine Debidour ( see fr:Antonin Debidour)
 * Lauro Adolfo De Bosis
 * Claude Achille Debussy
 * Charles-Theodore-Henri De Coster
 * Saverio Fausto De Dominicis ( see it:Saverio Fausto De Dominicis)
 * Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand
 * Angelo de Gubernatis
 * Edward Dowes Dekker (Multatuli)
 * Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix
 * Marie Yves Delage
 * Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
 * Jean-François Casimir Delavigne
 * Joseph Rémi Léopold Delbœuf
 * Étienne Marie Justin Victor Delbos
 * Léon Delbos
 * Théophile Delcassé
 * Jean-Baptiste-Claude Delisle de Sales
 * Alexandre Deleyre
 * Augustus De Morgan
 * Ève Demaillot
 * James Steuart Denham
 * Joseph Deniker
 * Hector Denis
 * William F. Denton
 * César De Paepe
 * Agathon Louis de Potter
 * Louis Joseph Antoine de Potter
 * Maria Deraismes
 * Pasquale d'Ercole
 * Francesco de Sanctis
 * Léger Marie Deschamps
 * Émile Auguste Étienne Martin Deschanel
 * Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel
 * Marius Deshumbert
 * André-François Boureau-Deslandes
 * Pierre Desmaizeaux
 * Lucie Simplice Camille Benoît Desmoulins
 * Gustave Le Brisoys Desnoiresterres ( see fr:Gustave Desnoiresterres
 * Joseph Marie Dessaix
 * Pierre-Joseph Destriveaux
 * Antoine Louis Claude Destutt de Tracy
 * Rowland Detrosier
 * Konrad Deubler ( see de:Konrad Deubler)
 * Willem Deurhoff
 * Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch
 * John Dewey
 * Henry de Worms

Di

 * Porfirio Díaz
 * Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson
 * Auguste Dide ( see fr:Auguste Dide)
 * Denis Diderot
 * Gustav Diercks
 * Joseph Dietzgen
 * Ashton Wentworth Dilke
 * Charles Wentworth Dilke
 * Gustav Friedrich Dinter
 * Johann Konrad Dippel
 * Florence Caroline Dixie
 * Bertram Dobell
 * Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
 * Nikolay Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov
 * Arnold Dodel-Port
 * Henry Dodwell (deist) ( see Dodwell, Henry (d.1784) (DNB00))
 * Horatio Bryan Donkin
 * John Sholto Douglas
 * Stephen Arnold Douglas
 * Edward Dowden

Dr

 * Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud
 * John William Draper
 * Edmond Dresden
 * Arthur Drews
 * Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch
 * William James Charles Maria Drummond of Logiealmond
 * Helene von Druskowitz
 * Charles Robert Drysdale
 * John Dryden (merchant)

Du

 * Julius Duboc
 * Paul-François Dubois ( see fr:Paul-François Dubois)
 * Emil du Bois-Reymond
 * Pierre-Ulric Dubuisson
 * Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux
 * Charles Pinot Duclos
 * Jean-François Ducos
 * William Dudgeon (philosopher)
 * Eugen Karl Dühring
 * Édouard Dujardin
 * Jacques-Antoine Dulaure ( see fr:Jacques-Antoine Dulaure)
 * Henri Joseph Du Laurens
 * Albert Friedrich Benno Dulk
 * Alexandre Dumas, fils
 * George Louis Palmella Busson du Maurier
 * Léon Dumont
 * Pierre Étienne Louis Dumont
 * David Duncan (educationist) ( see his most well known work)
 * Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker
 * Jacob Louis Dupont ( see fr:Jacques Louis Dupont)
 * Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
 * Charles-François Dupuis
 * Émile Durkheim
 * Jean Victor Duruy
 * Théophile-Imarigeon Duvernet

E

 * Daniel Isaac Eaton
 * Johann Augustus Eberhard
 * Ernst Theodor Echtermeyer
 * Johann Peter Eckermann
 * Johann Christian Edelmann ( see de:Johann Christian Edelmann)
 * Thomas Alva Edison
 * Chilperic Edwards
 * John Passmore Edwards
 * Justus van Effen
 * Johann Gottfried Eichhorn
 * Rudolf Eisler
 * Charles William Eliot
 * George Eliot
 * Pietro Ellero ( see it:Pietro Ellero)
 * Hugh Samuel Roger Elliot
 * John Elliotson
 * Alfred Burdon Ellis
 * Henry Havelock Ellis
 * William Ellis
 * Mountstuart Elphinstone
 * Ralph Waldo Emerson
 * William Emerson
 * Robert Emmet
 * Friedrich Engels
 * George Bethune English
 * George Ensor
 * Johann Eduard Erdmann
 * John Ericsson
 * François-Louis d'Escherny ( see fr:François d'Escherny)
 * Alfred Victor Espinas
 * José de Espronceda
 * Henri-François-Alphonse Esquiros
 * George Henry Evans
 * Mary Ann Evans (George Eliot)
 * Antoine-François Ève
 * Moses Jacob Ezekiel

F

 * Ferdinand Fabre
 * Jean-Henri Fabre
 * Philippe François Nazaire Fabre d'Églantine
 * Bruto Fabricatore ( see it:Bruto Fabricatore)
 * Adolfo Faggi
 * Auguste Émile Faguet
 * Clement Armand Fallières
 * Frederick John Fargus
 * John Farquhar
 * Hippolyte Fauche ( see fr:Hippolyte Fauche)
 * Félix François Faure
 * Sébastien Faure
 * Edgar Fawcett
 * Henry Fawcett
 * Everard Fawkener
 * Gustav Theodor Fechner
 * Robert Fellowes
 * Joseph Fels
 * Giuseppe Ferrari
 * Francisco Ferrer y Guardia
 * Guglielmo Ferrero
 * Enrico Ferri
 * Luigi Ferri
 * Jules François Camille Ferry
 * Friedrich Heinrich Feuerbach
 * Ludwig Feuerbach
 * Johann Gottlieb Fichte
 * Harold Patrick Fielding-Hall
 * Estanislao Figueras y de Moragas
 * Gaetano Filangieri
 * Heinrich Finke ( see de:Heinrich Finke)
 * Francesco Fiorentino
 * Johann Georg Fischer
 * Ernst Kuno Berthold Fischer
 * John Fiske
 * Edward FitzGerald
 * Nicolas Camille Flammarion
 * "Flanor" (Carel Vosmaer)
 * Gustave Flaubert
 * Charles Thomas Floquet
 * Gustave Flourens
 * Marie Jean Pierre Flourens
 * Benjamin Orange Flower
 * Eliza Flower

Fo

 * Wilhelm Julius Foerster
 * Albany Fonblanque
 * Theodor Fontane
 * Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle
 * George William Foote
 * Friedrich Karl Forberg
 * Auguste Forel
 * James George Roche Forlong
 * Karl Fortlage
 * Niccolò Ugo Foscolo
 * Alfred Jules Émile Fouillée
 * Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
 * François Marie Charles Fourier
 * Charles James Fox
 * Elizabeth Vassall Fox
 * Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland
 * Henry Richard Vassall-Fox
 * William Johnson Fox
 * Anatole France
 * Adolphe Franck
 * Nicolas-Louis François de Neufchâteau
 * Edward Frankland
 * Benjamin Franklin
 * John Fransham
 * Christian Martin Julius Frauenstädt
 * James George Frazer
 * Frederick II of Prussia
 * William Freke
 * Ferdinand Freiligrath
 * William Frend (reformer)
 * Hubert Joseph Walthère Frère-Orban
 * Nicolas Fréret
 * Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet
 * Gustav Freytag
 * Jakob Friedrich Fries
 * Friedrich Fröbel
 * Octavius Brooks Frothingham
 * James Anthony Froude
 * John Fry (regicide)
 * Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli
 * Max Fürbringer
 * Frederick James Furnivall

Ga

 * Hans Friedrich Gadow
 * Matilda Joslyn Gage
 * Henri Gaidoz
 * Benito Pérez Galdós
 * Ferdinando Galiani
 * Franz Joseph Gall
 * Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin
 * Walter Matthew Gallichan
 * John Galsworthy
 * Francis Galton
 * Léon Michel Gambetta
 * Charles Ferdinand Gambon ( see fr:Charles Ferdinand Gambon)
 * Antonio Rodríguez García-Vao ( see es:Antonio Rodríguez García-Vao)
 * Helen Hamilton Gardener
 * Giuseppe Garibaldi
 * Edward William Garnett
 * Lucy Mary Jane Garnett
 * Richard Garnett (writer)
 * William Lloyd Garrison
 * Samuel Garth
 * Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier
 * Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
 * Erik Gustaf Geijer
 * Barbe Gendre
 * Petrus Augustus de Génestet
 * François Génin
 * Antonio Genovesi
 * Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin
 * Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
 * Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
 * Friedrich Wilhelm Ghillany
 * Arcangelo Ghisleri
 * Pietro Giannone
 * Edward Gibbon
 * Franklin Henry Giddings
 * Adam Gifford
 * Charlotte Perkins Gilman
 * Ernest William Gimson
 * Josiah Gimson
 * Sydney Ansell Gimson
 * Pierre-Louis Ginguené
 * Melchiorre Gioia
 * Stephen Girard
 * Maria Gisborne
 * George Robert Gissing
 * Georg von Gizycki ( see de:Georg von Gizycki)
 * John Stuart Stuart-Glennie
 * Francis Glisson
 * Joseph Arthur de Gobineau
 * René Goblet
 * Eugène Goblet d'Alviella
 * W. S. Godfrey
 * Edwin Lawrence Godkin
 * Mary Wollstonecraft
 * William Godwin
 * Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
 * John Goldie (philosopher)
 * Theodor Goldstücker
 * Ignác Goldziher
 * George Laurence Gomme
 * Heinrich Gomperz
 * Theodor Gomperz
 * Edmond Louis Antoine Huot de Goncourt
 * Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt
 * Giuseppe Gorani ( see it:Giuseppe Gorani)
 * Adam Lindsay Gordon
 * Thomas Gordon (writer)
 * Charles Turner Gorham
 * Alexei Maximovitch Peshkov Gorky
 * Frederick James Gould
 * Remy de Gourmont

Gr

 * William Graham (economist)
 * Kerr Grant
 * Ulysses Simpson Grant
 * Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff
 * Benjamin Kirkman Gray
 * Octave Vallery Clément Gréard
 * John Richard Green
 * Joseph Frederick Green
 * Kate Greenaway
 * Edward Greenly
 * Granville George Greenwood
 * William Rathbone Greg
 * Ferdinand Gregorovius
 * William Henry Gregory
 * Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville
 * François Paul Jules Grévy
 * Albert Henry George Grey
 * Lepel Henry Griffin
 * Dod Grile
 * Franz Grillparzer
 * Friedrich Melchior von Grimm
 * Eduard Grisebach ( see de:Eduard Grisebach)
 * Francis Hindes Groome
 * Karl Groos
 * Alessandro Groppali
 * Elici Gropuel (appears in A Biographical Dictionary of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Freethinkers)
 * Nikolai Yakolevich Grot ( see ru:Грот, Николай Яковлевич)
 * George Grote
 * Harriet Grote
 * Karl Theodor Ferdinand Grün
 * Louis Auguste Jean François Philippe Gruyer ( see fr:Louis Gruyer)
 * Ange Guépin ( see fr:Ange Guépin)
 * Adolphe Georges Guéroult ( see fr:Adolphe Georges Guéroult)
 * Abílio Manuel Guerra Junqueiro
 * Olindo Guerrini
 * Jules Basile Guesde
 * Nicolas Gueudeville ( see fr:Nicolas Gueudeville)
 * Louisa Sarah Bevington Guggenberger
 * Émile Étienne Guimet
 * William Withey Gull
 * Ludwig Gumplowicz
 * Nicolaus Hieronymus Gundling
 * Frans Christiaan Günst
 * Edmund Gurney
 * Jean-Marie Guyau
 * Yves Guyot
 * Gustaf Fredrik Gyllenborg

J

 * John Jacob
 * Jens Peter Jacobsen
 * Louis Jacolliot
 * Henry James
 * William James
 * Leander Starr Jameson
 * Joseph Jastrow
 * Morris Jastrow, Jr.
 * Louis de Jaucourt
 * Jean Leon Jaurès
 * Richard Jefferies
 * Thomas Jefferson
 * Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey
 * Peter Christian Albrecht Jensen ( see de:Peter Jensen (Altorientalist))
 * Charles Jervas
 * Friedrich Jodl
 * Richard Mentor Johnson
 * Samuel Johnson
 * Harry Hamilton Johnston
 * Ernest Jones
 * David Starr Jordan
 * Théodore Simon Jouffroy
 * Benjamin Jowett
 * Benito Pablo Juárez
 * Mark Hayler Judge
 * Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn

K

 * Alexander Kadison
 * Marcus Kalisch
 * Albert Kalthoff
 * Henry Home, Lord Kames
 * Immanuel Kant
 * Otto Karmin
 * Karl Johann Kautsky
 * Augustus Henry Keane
 * Charles Francis Keary ( several refs to him mainly in refs)
 * John Keats
 * Charles Samuel Keene
 * George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal
 * James Francis Edward Keith
 * Johan Henric Kellgren
 * William Kenrick
 * Ellen Key
 * Cassius Jackson Keyser
 * Alexander Lange Kielland
 * Søren Aaby Kierkegaard
 * Peter King, 1776–1833
 * Alexander William Kinglake
 * George Henry Kingsley ( brother of Charles Kingsley)
 * Mary Henrietta Kingsley
 * Hermann Klaatsch
 * Heinrich von Kleist
 * Abner Kneeland
 * Otto Knopf ( see the eponymous Knopfia asteroid)
 * Robert Knox
 * James Knowles
 * Matthias Knutzen
 * Hermann Kolbe
 * Selig Korn ( see this)
 * Ernst Ludwig Krause
 * Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
 * Franz Krejei
 * Arnold Krekel
 * Pyotr Kropotkin

Ma

 * James Macartney (anatomist)
 * Joseph McCabe
 * William Maccall
 * Mauro Macchi ( see it:Mauro Macchi)
 * Eugene Montague Macdonald
 * George Everett Macdonald
 * Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach
 * Bernardino Machado
 * Charles Mackay (author)
 * Robert William Mackay ( see s:Mackay, Robert William (DNB00))
 * John Stuart Mackenzie
 * Sampson Arnold Mackey
 * James Mackintosh
 * John M'Taggart Ellis M'Taggart
 * Imre Madách
 * James Madison
 * Johann Heinrich von Mädler
 * Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck
 * Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan
 * Frederic William Maitland
 * Arthur François Ève Maillot
 * François de Malherbe
 * David Mallet (writer)
 * Benoît Malon
 * Hector Henri Malot
 * Conrad Malte-Brun
 * Terenzio Mamiani della Royere
 * Bernard Mandeville
 * Willem Christiaan van Manen
 * Mangasar Mugurditch Mangasarian
 * Paolo Mantegazza
 * Jean-Paul Marat
 * José Marchena Ruiz de Cueto
 * Giovanni Marchesini ( but it:Giovanni Marchesini is a different professor at the University of Padua!)
 * Pierre Sylvain Maréchal
 * Robert Ranulph Marett
 * Victor Margueritte
 * François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette
 * Léon Marillier ( see fr:Léon Marillier)
 * Alberto Mario ( see it:Alberto Mario)
 * Jessie White Mario
 * Edward Laurens Mark
 * Erich Marcks (
 * Murray Marks (
 * Christopher Marlowe
 * Jean-François Marmontel
 * Thomas Marryat
 * Henry Rutgers Marshall
 * Philip Bourke Marston
 * François-Marie de Marsy ( fr:François-Marie de Marsy)
 * Henry Marten (regicide)
 * Alfred Wilhelm Martin
 * Bon Louis Henri Martin
 * Emma Martin (socialist)
 * Harriet Martineau
 * Charles Frédéric Martins see fr:Charles Frédéric Martins)
 * Francis Sidney Marvin
 * Karl Marx
 * Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
 * Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni
 * Filippo Masci ( see it:Filippo Masci)
 * Josiah Mason
 * Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet
 * Gerald Massey
 * Marie-Alexandre Massol ( see La Sculpture dans les cimetières de Paris/Père-Lachaise/75)
 * Jean-Henri Maubert de Gouvest ( see fr:Jean-Henri Maubert de Gouvest)
 * Aylmer Maude
 * Henry Maudsley
 * Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant
 * Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis
 * Jakob Mauvillon
 * Hiram Stevens Maxim
 * Friedrich Max Müller
 * Frederick Augustus Maxse
 * Walther Victor May
 * Giuseppe Mazzini

Me

 * Thomas Medwin
 * Alfred Meissner
 * Jean Henri Meister
 * William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne
 * Félix Jules Méline
 * Herman Melville
 * Louis-Nicolas Ménard
 * Moses Mendelssohn
 * Catulle Mendès
 * Juan Álvarez Mendizábal
 * Ernest Mendum
 * Josiah P. Mendum
 * Edme Mentelle
 * Charles Arthur Mercier
 * Evan Powell Meredith
 * George Meredith
 * Prosper Mérimée
 * Henry Merritt (artist)
 * Jean Meslier
 * Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
 * Hans Meyer (geologist)
 * Louis Compton Miall
 * Jules Michelet
 * Karl Ludwig Michelet
 * Conyers Middleton
 * Domenico Milelli ( see it:Domenico Milelli)
 * James Mill
 * John Stuart Mill
 * John Millar (philosopher)
 * Constantin Mille
 * Florence Fenwick Miller
 * Alexandre Millerand
 * Jean-Baptiste Millière ( see fr:Jean-Baptiste Millière)
 * Richard Monckton Milnes
 * Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov
 * Jean-Baptiste de Mirabaud
 * Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
 * Francisco de Miranda
 * Octave Mirbeau
 * Peter Chalmers Mitchell
 * Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier

Mo

 * Jakob Moleschott
 * Robert Molesworth
 * William Molesworth
 * Jean Baptiste Poquelin Molière
 * John Charles Molteno
 * Alfred Williams Momerie ( see Momerie, Alfred Williams (DNB01))
 * Theodor Mommsen
 * Lord Monboddo
 * Gaspard Monge
 * Antoine Mongez ( see fr:Antoine Mongez)
 * J. R. Monroe
 * Messenger Monsey
 * Basil Montagu
 * Edward Montagu
 * Mary Wortley Montagu
 * Michel Eyquem de Montaigne
 * Charles François Louis Edgar Monteil ( see fr:Edgar Monteil)
 * Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu
 * Anne-Pierre, marquis de Montesquiou-Fézensac
 * Edmund Duncan Montgomery
 * Joseph-Michel Montgolfier
 * Friedrich Mook ( see de:Friedrich Mook)
 * Benjamin Moore (biochemist)
 * George Augustus Moore
 * George Edward Moore
 * John Howard Moore
 * Miguel Moraita
 * Hégésippe Moreau
 * Jacques-Joseph Moreau
 * André Morellet
 * Giovanni Morelli
 * N. Morelly
 * William Richard Morfill
 * Conwy Lloyd Morgan
 * Thomas Morgan (deist)
 * Thomas Charles Morgan
 * Robert Burnett David Morier
 * André Saturnin Morin
 * James Augustus Cotter Morison
 * John Morley
 * Gouverneur Morris
 * William Morris
 * George Ernest Morrison
 * Edward Sylvester Morse
 * Enrico "Henry" Agostino Morselli
 * Adrien de Mortillet ( see fr:Adrien de Mortillet)
 * Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet
 * Felix Stone Moscheles
 * Arthur B. Moss
 * Angelo Mosso
 * John Lothrop Motley
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 * John Henry Muirhead
 * Friedrich Max Müller
 * Hugo Münsterberg
 * Roderick Impey Murchison
 * Henri Murger
 * Gilbert Murray
 * Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay

N

 * Constance Caroline Woodhill Naden
 * Jacques-André Naigeon
 * Fridtjof Nansen
 * Charles James Napier
 * Alfred Joseph Naquet
 * Francisco Manoel de Nascimento
 * Gaetano Negri
 * Ada Negri-Garlanda
 * Gustav Nelson
 * Carl Wilhelm Neumann
 * Henry Woodd Nevinson
 * Simon Newcomb
 * H. Osman Newland
 * Ernest Newman
 * Francis William Newman
 * George Newnes
 * John Nichol (biographer)
 * John Pringle Nichol
 * William Nicholson (chemist)
 * Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
 * Barthold Georg Niebuhr
 * Andrzej Niemojewski
 * Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
 * Ferdinand Jacobus Domela Nieuwenhuis
 * Florence Nightingale
 * Ludwig Noiré
 * Theodor Nöldeke
 * Max Simon Nordau
 * "F. Nork" ( see this)
 * "Christopher North"
 * Charles Eliot Norton
 * Yakov Novikov
 * Rufus King Noyes
 * Christen Anton Nyström ( see sv:Anton Nyström)

O

 * James Bronterre O'Brien
 * Arthur Condorcet-O'Connor
 * George Odger
 * Hans Christian Ørsted
 * Bernardo O'Higgins
 * Lorenz Oken
 * Josiah Oldfield
 * Giacomo Omboni
 * Julius (Jules) Oppert
 * Alfred Richard Orage
 * Johann Caspar von Orelli
 * José María Orense Milá de Aragón Herrero
 * Arnold Edward Ortmann
 * William Osler
 * Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli
 * Wilhelm Ostwald
 * Eugen Oswald
 * Felix Leopold Oswald ( see s:Felix Leopold Oswald)
 * John Oswald (activist)
 * "Ouida" (Marie Louise de la Ramée)
 * Harry Allen Overstreet
 * Richard Overton (Leveller)
 * Robert Owen
 * Robert Dale Owen

P

 * Jean Paul (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter)
 * Edward John Pilcher

Ra

 * Carl Rabl
 * Alfred Nicolas Rambaud
 * Marie Louise de la Ramée "Ouida"
 * Santiago Ramón y Cajal
 * William Ramsay
 * William James Ramsey
 * Arthur Ranc
 * Mario Rapisardi
 * François-Vincent Raspail
 * Samuel Kerkham Ratcliffe
 * Albrecht Rau
 * Henry Creswicke Rawlinson
 * Guillaume Thomas François Raynal
 * Carveth Read
 * William Winwood Reade
 * Élie Reclus
 * Jean Jacques Élisée Reclus
 * Paul Reclus
 * Mario Reghillini
 * Albert-Adrien Regnard ( see fr:Albert Regnard)
 * Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély
 * George Archdall O'Brien Reid
 * Johann Christian Reil
 * Hermann Samuel Reimarus
 * Joseph Reinach
 * Salomon Reinach
 * Théodore Reinach
 * Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold
 * Karl Leonhard Reinhold
 * John Eleazer Remsburg
 * Charles François Marie, Comte de Rémusat
 * Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat
 * Paul Louis Étienne Remusat
 * Henriette Renan
 * Joseph Ernest Renan
 * Georges François Renard
 * Charles Bernard Renouvier
 * Karl Gustav Reuschle ( see de:Karl Gustav Reuschle)
 * Marie Roch Louis Reybaud
 * Jean Ernest Reynaud
 * Charles B. Reynolds
 * Cecil John Rhodes
 * John Rhys
 * Charles Ribeyrolles ( see fr:Charles Ribeyrolles)
 * Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot
 * Théodule-Armand Ribot
 * David Ricardo
 * Giuseppe Napoleone Ricciardi ( see it:Giuseppe Ricciardi (1808))
 * Benjamin Ward Richardson
 * Jean Richepin
 * Charles Richet
 * Johann Paul Friedrich Richter
 * Thomas 'Clio' Rickman
 * Aloys Adolf Riehl
 * Eugenio Rignano
 * David George Ritchie
 * Gustave Rivet ( see fr:Gustave Rivet)
 * José Rizal

Ro

 * Matilda Roalfe
 * Isaac Roberts
 * Morley Roberts
 * R. Roberts
 * George Croom Robertson
 * John Mackinnon Robertson
 * Eugène de Robert y de la Cerda
 * Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre
 * Charles-Philippe Robin
 * Édouard Charles Albert Robin
 * Jean-Baptiste-René Robinet
 * Jean-François Eugène Robinet
 * Henry Crabb Robinson
 * Louis Édouard Rod
 * François Auguste René Rodin
 * Louis-Augustin Rogeard ( see fr:Louis-Augustin Rogeard)
 * James Edwin Thorold Rogers
 * Karl von Rokitansky
 * Jean Marie Roland de la Platière
 * Marie-Jeanne Roland de la Platière
 * Romain Rolland
 * Thomas William Hazen Rolleston
 * Gian Domenico Romagnosi
 * Samuel Romilly
 * Gilbert Romme
 * Sicco Ernst Willem Roorda van Eysinga ( see fy:Sicco Roorda van Eysinga and nl:Sicco Roorda van Eysinga)
 * Ernestine Louise Lasmond Potovsky Rose
 * Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz
 * Georg Gustav Roskoff
 * Joseph Henri Rosny
 * Louis Léon Lucien Prunol de Rosny ( see fr:Léon de Rosny)
 * Edward Alsworth Ross
 * Ronald Ross
 * William Stewart Ross
 * Dante Gabriel Rossetti
 * William Michael Rossetti
 * Emil Adolf Rossmässler
 * Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand
 * Karl Wenzeslaus Rodecker von Rotteck
 * Jean-Jacques Rousseau
 * Pierre Maurice Rouvier
 * Josiah Royce
 * Clémence Royer
 * Arnold Ruge
 * Cosimo Ruggieri ( see it:Cosimo Ruggieri and other wikis)
 * John Ruskin
 * Bertrand Arthur William Russell
 * John Russell, Viscount Amberley
 * John Russell (educationist)
 * John Francis Stanley Russell
 * "Mark Rutherford" (William Hale White)
 * Abraham Viktor Rydberg

W

 * Samuel Waddington
 * Richard Wagner
 * Charles Burlingame Waite
 * Theodor Waitz
 * Edward Wakefield
 * Edward Gibbon Wakefield
 * Gilbert Wakefield
 * Thaddeus B. Wakeman
 * Charles Athanase Walckenaer
 * François Walferdin (see fr:François Walferdin)
 * Ernest Walker
 * John Walker ( adopted Quaker dress but not accepted into membership)
 * Alfred Russel Wallace
 * William Wallace
 * Horace Walpole
 * Robert Walpole
 * Walter Walsh
 * Johannes Walther
 * William Walwyn
 * Lester Frank Ward
 * Josiah Warren
 * Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick
 * L. K. Washburn
 * George Washington
 * James Watson
 * William Watson
 * James Watt
 * Charles Watts
 * Charles Albert Watts
 * George Frederic Watts
 * John Watts (writer)
 * John Watts (reformer)
 * Theodore Watts-Dunton
 * Karl Julius Weber
 * August Weismann
 * Wilhelm Weitling
 * Julius Wellhausen
 * H. G. Wells
 * Richard Brodhead Westbrook
 * Baron Westbury
 * Edvard Westermarck
 * John Westlake
 * Samuel Burns Weston
 * Otto Wettstein
 * George Whale (writer)
 * Joseph Mazzini Wheeler
 * James McNeill Whistler
 * Andrew Dickson White
 * William Hale White
 * Walt Whitman
 * Thomas Whittaker
 * Adam Gowans Whyte

Wi

 * Knut Wicksell
 * Christoph Martin Wieland
 * Otto Wigand ( see de:Otto Wigand and hu:Otto Wigand)
 * Adolf Wilbrandt
 * Ella Wheeler Wilcox
 * John Wilkes
 * Bruno Wille
 * Charles Hanbury Williams
 * David Williams
 * Roger Williams
 * William Mattieu Williams
 * Robert Willis
 * Andrew Wilson
 * David Alec Wilson
 * John Wilson (Scottish writer) (no article in the dictionary but cross-referenced from "Christopher North" )
 * Roland Knyvet Wilson
 * Wyndham Wilton
 * Hugo Winckler
 * John Richard de Capel Wise ( and ebooks)
 * Gustav Adolf Wislicenus
 * Susan H. Wixon
 * William Wollaston
 * Mary Wollstonecraft
 * Henry Wood
 * Thomas Jonathan Wooler
 * Thomas Woolner
 * Thomas Woolston
 * Chauncey Wright
 * Elizur Wright
 * Michael Wright (Owenite)
 * Clement Writer
 * Wilhelm Max Wundt
 * Christian Ernst Wünsch (see pl:Christian Ernst Wünsch)
 * Charles-Adolphe Wurtz
 * Grigorio Nicolaievich Wyrouboff

X

 * Augustin Louis de Ximénès

Y

 * Percival Macleod Yearsley ( see this at UCL)
 * Edward L. Youmans
 * William Jay Youmans
 * Francis Younghusband



Z

 * Giuseppe Zanardelli
 * Israel Zangwill
 * Francisco Zarco ( see es:Francisco Zarco)
 * Eduard Zeller
 * Gustav Zerffi
 * Heinrich Ernst Ziegler ( see de:Heinrich Ernst Ziegler)
 * Theobald Ziegler
 * Georg Theodor Ziehen
 * Helen Zimmern
 * Émile Zola
 * Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla
 * Charles Zueblin
 * Luigi Zuppetta ( see it:Luigi Zuppetta)