List of people known as the Elder or the Younger

"The Elder" and "the Younger" are epithets generally used to distinguish between two individuals, often close relatives. In some instances, one of the pair is much more famous, and hence not known as "the Elder" or "the Younger", e.g. Carl Linnaeus; in such cases, they are not listed in a separate column but rather in the notes of the other person.

Middle Ages
Note: A few pairs straddle the line between the Middle Ages and the modern era—1453, the year of the fall of Constantinople—and are listed in both sections.