List of philosophers (A–C)

Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:


 * Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

A

 * Nicola Abbagnano (1901–1990)
 * Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905)
 * Peter Abelard (1079–1142)
 * Miguel Abensour (1939–2017)
 * Abhinavagupta (fl. c. 975–1025)
 * Abner of Burgos (c. 1270 – c. 1347)
 * Isaac ben Judah Abravanel (1437–1508)
 * Judah ben Isaac Abravanel (1460?–1535?)
 * Marilyn McCord Adams (1943–2017)
 * Robert Adams (born 1937)
 * Jane Addams (1860–1935)
 * Joseph Addison (1672–1719)
 * Adelard of Bath (12th century)
 * Alfred Adler (1870–1937)
 * Vladimir Adoratsky (1873–1945)
 * Theodor Adorno (1903–1969)
 * Aenesidemus (1st century BC)
 * Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1839–1897)
 * Rodolphus Agricola (1443–1485)
 * Agrippa the Sceptic (1st/2nd century)
 * Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486–1535)
 * Aijaz Ahmad (1941–2022)
 * Pierre d'Ailly (1350–1420)
 * Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890–1963)
 * Ricardo Alarcón (1937–2022)
 * Isaac Albalag (13th century)
 * Hans Albert (1921–2023)
 * Albert of Saxony (c. 1316–1390)
 * Albertus Magnus (or Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne), (1193?–1280)
 * Joseph Albo (1380–1444)
 * Alcinous (2nd century)
 * Alcmaeon of Croton (5th century BC)
 * Virgil Aldrich (1903–1998)
 * Yohanan ben Isaac Alemanno (1433–1504)
 * Alexander of Aphrodisias (2nd century)
 * Alexander of Hales (died 1245)
 * Samuel Alexander (1859–1938)
 * Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)
 * Antonio Aliotta (1881–1964)
 * Archibald Alison (1757–1839)
 * Abd al-Jabiri (1935—2010)
 * Abdullah al-Qasemi (1907–1996)
 * William Alston (1921–2009)
 * Johannes Althusius (1557–1638)
 * Louis Althusser (1918–1990)
 * Robert Alyngton (died 1398)
 * B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956)
 * Ambrose (c. 340–397)
 * Abu'l Hasan Muhammad Ibn Yusuf al-'Amiri (died 992)
 * Mahdi Amel (1936–1987)
 * Ammonius Hermiae (5th century)
 * Ammonius Saccas (3rd century)
 * André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836)
 * Anton Wilhelm Amo (1703–c. 1759)
 * Anaxagoras (died 462 BC)
 * Anaxarchus (fl. 340 BC)
 * Anaximander (c. 610 BC–c. 546 BC)
 * Anaximenes of Miletus (6th century BC)
 * Alan Ross Anderson (1925–1973)
 * John Anderson (1893–1962)
 * Perry Anderson (born 1938)
 * Ando Shoeki (1703–1762)
 * Stephen Pearl Andrews (1812–1886)
 * Andronicus of Rhodes (c. 70 BC)
 * Peter Annet (1693–1769)
 * Anniceris (fl. 300 BC)
 * G. E. M. Anscombe (1918–2001)
 * Anselm (1034–1109)
 * Antiochus of Ascalon (c. 130–68 BC)
 * Antiphon (480–403 BC)
 * Antisthenes (c. 444–365)
 * Karl-Otto Apel (1922–2017)
 * Apuleius (c. 123–c. 180)
 * Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)
 * Isaac ben Moses Arama (1420–1494)
 * Arcesilaus (316–241 BC)
 * Archytas (428–347 BC)
 * Roberto Ardigò (1828–1920)
 * Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)
 * Aristippus of Cyrene (c. 435–366 BC)
 * Aristo of Chios (fl. 250 BC)
 * Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC)
 * Arius (256–336)
 * Mohammed Arkoun (1928–2010)
 * Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609)
 * David Malet Armstrong (1926–2014)
 * Antoine Arnauld (1612–1694)
 * Matthew Arnold (1822–1888)
 * Kenneth Arrow (1921–2017)
 * Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus (1894–1975)
 * Mary Astell (1666–1731)
 * Athanasius of Alexandria (298–373)
 * Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920–2003)
 * Gwenaëlle Aubry (born 1971)
 * Augustine of Hippo (354–430)
 * Marcus Aurelius (121–180)
 * Peter Aureol (c. 1280–1322)
 * Sri Aurobindo (1872–1950)
 * John Austin (1790–1859)
 * John Langshaw Austin (1911–1960)
 * Richard Avenarius (1843–1896)
 * Averroes (or Ibn Rushd), (1126–1198)
 * Avicenna (or Ibn Sina), (980–1037)
 * Kostas Axelos (1924–2010)
 * Lyubov Axelrod (1868–1946)
 * Alfred Jules Ayer (1910–1989)

B

 * Ba Jin (1904–2005)
 * Franz Xaver von Baader (1765–1841)
 * Charles Babbage (1791–1871)
 * Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962)
 * Johann Jakob Bachofen (1815–1887)
 * Hans-Georg Backhaus (born 1929)
 * Francis Bacon (1561–1626)
 * Roger Bacon (1214–1294)
 * Alain Badiou (born 1937)
 * Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (1080–1165)
 * Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162–1231)
 * Sergio Bagú (1911–2002)
 * Annette Baier (1929–2012)
 * Kurt Baier (1917–2010)
 * James Black Baillie (1873–1940)
 * Alexander Bain (1818–1903)
 * Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–1792)
 * Lynne Rudder Baker (1944–2017)
 * Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975)
 * Mikhail Bakunin (1814–1876)
 * Arthur Balfour (1848–1930)
 * John Balguy (1686–1748)
 * Étienne Balibar (born 1942)
 * Domingo Báñez (1528–1604)
 * Antonio Banfi (1886–1957)
 * Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi (1070–1136)
 * Jonathan Barnes (born 1942)
 * Brian Barry (1936–2009)
 * Karl Barth (1886–1968)
 * Roland Barthes (1915–1980)
 * Bartolus de Saxoferrato (1313–1357)
 * Johann Bernhard Basedow (1724–1790)
 * Basilides (c. 117–138)
 * Georges Bataille (1897–1962)
 * Charles Batteux (1713–1780)
 * Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007)
 * Bruno Bauer (1809–1882)
 * David Baumgardt (1890–1963)
 * Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714–1762)
 * Pierre Bayle (1647–1706)
 * Monroe Beardsley (1915–1985)
 * James Beattie (1735–1803)
 * Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria (1738–1794)
 * Jakob Sigismund Beck (1761–1840)
 * Vissarion Belinsky (1811–1848)
 * Robert Bellarmine (1542–1621)
 * Nuel Belnap (born 1930)
 * Gustave Belot (1859–1929)
 * Aaron Ben-Ze'ev (born 1949)
 * David Benatar (born 1966)
 * Dirk Benedict (born 1945)
 * Friedrich Eduard Beneke (1798–1854)
 * Walter Benjamin (1892–1940)
 * Gottfried Benn (1886–1956)
 * Jonathan Bennett (born 1930)
 * Daniel Bensaïd (1946–2010)
 * Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832)
 * Richard Bentley (1662–1742)
 * Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948)
 * Gustav Bergmann (1906–1987)
 * Henri Bergson (1859–1941)
 * George Berkeley (1685–1753)
 * Isaiah Berlin (1909–1997)
 * Claude Bernard (1813–1878)
 * Bernard of Chartres (died 1130)
 * Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153)
 * Bernard Silvestris (or Bernard of Tours), (1147–1178)
 * François Bernier (1620–1688)
 * Eduard Bernstein (1850–1932)
 * Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901–1972)
 * Bessarion (1403–1472)
 * Bhartrhari (5th century)
 * Gabriel Biel (1425–1495)
 * Georg Bernhard Bilfinger (1693–1750)
 * Alfred Binet (1857–1911)
 * Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966)
 * Max Black (1909–1988)
 * Simon Blackburn (born 1944)
 * William Blackstone (1723–1780)
 * Hugh Blair (1718–1800)
 * William Blake (1757–1827)
 * Maurice Blanchot (1907–2003)
 * Louis Auguste Blanqui (1805–1881)
 * Brand Blanshard (1892–1987)
 * Blasius of Parma (or Biagio Pelacani da Parma), (1345–1416)
 * Ernst Bloch (1885–1977)
 * Ned Block (born 1942)
 * Maurice Blondel (1861–1949)
 * Charles Blount (1654–1693)
 * Norberto Bobbio (1909–2004)
 * Jean Bodin (1530–1596)
 * Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (AD 480–524/525)
 * Boetius of Dacia (c. 1240–c. 1280)
 * Leonardo Boff (born 1938)
 * Alexander Bogdanov (1873–1928)
 * Grace Lee Boggs (1915–2015)
 * Jakob Böhme (1575–1624)
 * David Bohm (1917–1992)
 * Niels Bohr (1885–1962)
 * Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux (1636–1711)
 * Samuel Bold (1649–1737)
 * Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke (1678–1751)
 * Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906)
 * Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848)
 * Louis Gabriel Ambroise de Bonald (1754–1840)
 * Francesco Bonatelli (1830–1911)
 * Bonaventure (1221–1274)
 * Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945)
 * Charles Bonnet (1720–1793)
 * George Boole (1815–1864)
 * Amadeo Bordiga (1889–1970)
 * Bernard Bosanquet (1848–1923)
 * Rudjer Boscovich (1711–1787)
 * Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002)
 * Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet (1627–1704)
 * Christopher Jacob Boström (1797–1866)
 * Henri de Boulainvilliers (1658–1722)
 * Emile Boutroux (1845–1921)
 * Oets Kolk Bouwsma (1898–1978)
 * Borden Parker Bowne (1847–1910)
 * Robert Boyle (1627–1691)
 * F. H. Bradley (1846–1924)
 * Thomas Bradwardine (c. 1290–1349)
 * Richard-Bevan Braithwaite (1900–1990)
 * Richard B. Brandt (1910–1997)
 * Ray Brassier, (born 1965)
 * Franz Brentano (1838–1917)
 * Percy Williams Bridgman (1882–1961)
 * Edgar S. Brightman (1884–1953)
 * Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin (1755–1826)
 * Richard Brinkley (fl. 1350–1373)
 * Radulphus Brito (c. 1270–c. 1320)
 * C. D. Broad (1887–1971)
 * David H.M. Brooks (1950–1996)
 * Thom Brooks (born 1973)
 * Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer (1881–1966)
 * Thomas Brown (1778–1820)
 * Peter Browne (1666–1735)
 * Orestes Brownson (1803–1876)
 * Emil Brunner (1889–1966)
 * Giordano Bruno (1548–1600)
 * Leon Brunschvicg (1869–1944)
 * James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce (1838–1922)
 * Martin Buber (1878–1965)
 * Justus Buchler (1914–1991)
 * Ludwig Büchner (1824–1899)
 * Henry Thomas Buckle (1821–1862)
 * Malcolm Budd (born 1941)
 * Johann Franz Buddeus (1667–1729)
 * Buddhaghosa (5th century)
 * Claude Buffier (1661–1737)
 * Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707–1788)
 * Nikolai Bukharin (1888–1938)
 * Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov (1871–1944)
 * Edward Bullough (1880–1934)
 * Rudolf Bultmann (1884–1976)
 * Mario Bunge (1919–2020)
 * Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897)
 * Tyler Burge (born 1946)
 * Jean Buridan (1300–1358)
 * Edmund Burke (1729–1797)
 * Walter Burley (c. 1275–c. 1345)
 * Myles Frederic Burnyeat (1939–2019)
 * Richard Burthogge (1638–1704)
 * Joseph Butler (1692–1752)
 * Judith Butler (born 1956)
 * Samuel Butler (1835–1902)

C

 * Pierre Jean George Cabanis (1757–1808)
 * Étienne Cabet (1788–1856)
 * Amílcar Cabral (1924–1973)
 * Edward Caird (1835–1908)
 * Dorion Cairns (1901–1973)
 * Thomas Cajetan (1469–1534)
 * Calcidius (4th century)
 * Mario Calderoni (1879–1914)
 * Callicles (late 5th century BC)
 * John Calvin (1509–1564)
 * Jacques Camatte (born 1935)
 * Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639)
 * George Campbell (1719–1796)
 * Norman Robert Campbell (1880–1949)
 * Albert Camus (1913–1960)
 * Georges Canguilhem (1904–1995)
 * Georg Cantor (1845–1918)
 * Ángel Cappelletti (1927–1995)
 * Johannes Capreolus (1380–1444)
 * Claudia Card (1940–2015)
 * Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576)
 * Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881)
 * Gershom Carmichael (c. 1672 – 1729)
 * Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970)
 * Carneades (c. 214 – 129 BC)
 * Edward Carpenter (1844–1929)
 * Lewis Carroll (1832–1898)
 * Nancy Cartwright (born 1943)
 * Carl Gustav Carus (1789–1869)
 * Paul Carus (1852–1919)
 * Antonio Caso (1883–1946)
 * Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945)
 * Hector-Neri Castañeda (1924–1991)
 * Cornelius Castoriadis (1922–1997)
 * Carlo Cattaneo (1801–1869)
 * Christopher Caudwell (1907–1937)
 * Jean Cavaillès (1903–1944)
 * Stanley Cavell (1926–2018)
 * Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673)
 * Celsus of Alexandria (2nd century)
 * Michel de Certeau (1925–1986)
 * Pyotr Chaadaev (1794–1856)
 * Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855–1927)
 * Chanakya (or Kautilya) (321–296 BC)
 * Chang Hsueh-ch'eng (or Zhang Xuecheng) (1738–1801)
 * Chang Tsai (or Zhang Zai), (1020–1077)
 * William Ellery Channing (1780–1842)
 * Walter Charleton (1619–1707)
 * Pierre Charron (1541–1603)
 * José Chasin (1937–1998)
 * François-René de Chateaubriand (1768–1848)
 * François Châtelet (1925–1985)
 * Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1918–1993)
 * Walter Chatton (1290–1343)
 * Ch'en Hsien-chang (1428–1500)
 * Cheng Hao (or Ch'eng Ming-Tao) (1032–1085)
 * Cheng Hsuan (or Zheng Xuan) (127–200)
 * Cheng Yi (or Ch'eng Yi Chu'an) (1033–1107)
 * Nikolai Chernyshevsky (1828–1889)
 * Chia Yi (or Jia Yi or Chia I) (201–169 BC)
 * Chiao Hung (1540–1620)
 * Boris Chicherin (1828–1904)
 * Ch'ien Mu (1895–1990)
 * Chih Tun (or Zhi Dun) (314–366)
 * William Chillingworth (1602–1644)
 * Roderick Chisholm (1916–1999)
 * Noam Chomsky (born 1928)
 * Tasan Chông Yagyong (1762–1836)
 * Chou Tun-Yi (or Zhou Dunyi or Chou Lien-Hsi or Zhou Lianxi) (1017–1073)
 * Christine de Pizan (c. 1365 – c. 1430)
 * Chrysippus (279–207 BC)
 * Thomas Chubb (1679–1747)
 * Alonzo Church (1903–1995)
 * Patricia Churchland (born 1943)
 * Paul Churchland (born 1942)
 * Leon Chwistek (1884–1944)
 * Cicero (106 – 43 BC)
 * August Cieszkowski (1814–1894)
 * Emil Cioran (1911–1995)
 * Hélène Cixous (born 1937)
 * Clarembald of Arras (1110–1187)
 * Samuel Clarke (1675–1729)
 * Johannes Clauberg (1622–1665)
 * Cleanthes (301–232 BC)
 * Clement of Alexandria (2nd–3rd century)
 * Catherine Clément (born 1939)
 * Cleomedes (2nd century)
 * William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879)
 * Catherine Trotter Cockburn (1679–1749)
 * Lorraine Code (born 1937)
 * G.A. Cohen (1941–2009)
 * Hermann Cohen (1842–1918)
 * L. Jonathan Cohen (1923–2006)
 * Morris Raphael Cohen (1880–1947)
 * Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834)
 * John Colet (1466–1519)
 * Lucio Colletti (1924–2001)
 * Arthur Collier (1680–1732)
 * R. G. Collingwood (1889–1943)
 * Anthony Collins (1676–1729)
 * John Comenius (1592–1670)
 * Auguste Comte (1798–1857)
 * Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (1715–1780)
 * Marquis de Condorcet (1743–1794)
 * Confucius (551 – 479 BC)
 * Benjamin Constant (1767–1830)
 * Lady Anne Finch Conway (1631–1679)
 * Anna J. Cooper (1858–1964)
 * Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
 * Henry Corbin (1903–1978)
 * Geraud de Cordemoy (1626–1684)
 * Moses ben Jacob Cordovero (1522–1570)
 * Maurice Cornforth (1909–1980)
 * Carlos Cossio (1903–1987)
 * Newton da Costa (born 1929)
 * Uriel da Costa (1585–1640)
 * Antoine Augustin Cournot (1801–1877)
 * Victor Cousin (1792–1867)
 * Louis Couturat (1868–1914)
 * Crates of Thebes (c. 365 – c. 285 BC)
 * William Crathorn (14th century)
 * Cratylus (c. 400 BC)
 * James Edwin Creighton (1861–1924)
 * Hasdai Crescas (c. 1340–1410)
 * Benedetto Croce (1866–1952)
 * Alexander Crummell (1819–1898)
 * Christian August Crusius (1715–1775)
 * Ralph Cudworth (1617–1688)
 * Nathaniel Culverwel (1619–1651)
 * Richard Cumberland (1631?–1718)
 * Cyrano de Bergerac (1619–1655)
 * Heinrich Czolbe (1819–1873)


 * List of philosophers
 * (A–C)
 * (D–H)
 * (I–Q)
 * (R–Z)