List of philosophers (I–Q)

Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:


 * Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

I

 * Iamblichus (c. 245)
 * Yahya ibn Adi (893–974)
 * Ibn Arabi (1164–1240)
 * Ibn ar-Rawandi (827–911)
 * Ibn Bajjah (or Avempace) (died 1138)
 * Ibn Daud (or Rabad I or Avendauth, or John of Spain) (1110–1180)
 * Abraham ibn Ezra (1092/3–1167)
 * Moses ibn Ezra (1070–1138)
 * Ibn Falaquera (1223–1290)
 * Solomon Ibn Gabirol (1021–1058)
 * Ibn Hazm (994–1069)
 * Ibn Kammuna (1215–1284)
 * Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406)
 * Ibn Masarra (883–931)
 * Ibn Miskawayh (940–1030)
 * Bahya ibn Paquda (1040–1110)
 * Ibn Sabin (1217–1268)
 * Ibn Taymiya (1263–1328)
 * Samuel ibn Tibbon (c. 1165 – 1232)
 * Ibn Tufail (1110–1185)
 * Joseph ibn Tzaddik (c. 1149)
 * Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in (1883–1954)
 * Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov (1924–1979)
 * Immanuel the Roman (c. 1270 – c. 1330)
 * Roman Ingarden (1893–1970)
 * William Ralph Inge (1860–1954)
 * José Ingenieros (1877–1925)
 * Nae Ionescu (1890–1940)
 * Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938)
 * Luce Irigaray (born 1930)
 * Terence Irwin (born 1947)
 * Isocrates (436–338 BC)
 * Isaac of Stella (1105–1177)
 * Isaac Israeli (c. 850–950)
 * Ito Jinsai (1627–1705)
 * Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov (1866–1949)

J

 * Jesus of Nazareth (4 BC – AD 30 or 33)
 * Frank Jackson (born 1943)
 * Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819)
 * Franz Jakubowski (1912–1970)
 * James of Viterbo (1255–1308)
 * Henry James Sr. (1811–1882)
 * William James (1842–1910)
 * Fredric Jameson (born 1934)
 * Vladimir Jankélévitch (1903–1985)
 * Anselm Jappe (born 1962)
 * Karl Jaspers (1883–1969)
 * Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa (fl. c. 800)
 * James Hopwood Jeans (1877–1946)
 * Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)
 * Richard C. Jeffrey (1926–2002)
 * William Stanley Jevons (1835–1882)
 * Rudolf von Jhering (1818–1892)
 * Jinul (or Chinul) (1158–1210)
 * Joachim of Fiore (1135–1201)
 * Friedrich Jodl (1849–1914)
 * John of Damascus (c. 676–749)
 * John of Jandun (1280–1328)
 * John of La Rochelle (1190–1245)
 * John of Mirecourt (c. 1345)
 * John of Paris (1260–1306)
 * John of Salisbury (c. 1115–1180)
 * John of St. Thomas (or Jean Poinsot) (1589–1644)
 * John of the Cross (1542–1591)
 * Alexander Bryan Johnson (1786–1867)
 * Samuel Johnson (1649–1703)
 * Samuel Johnson (1696–1772)
 * Samuel Johnson (1709–1784)
 * William Ernest Johnson (1858–1931)
 * Constance Jones (1848–1922)
 * Jørgen Jørgensen (1894–1969)
 * Théodore Simon Jouffroy (1796–1842)
 * Judah ben Moses of Rome (orJudah Romano) (1292–1330)
 * Carl Jung (1875–1961)
 * Ernst Jünger (1895–1998)
 * Joachim Jungius (1587–1657)
 * Justinian I (483–565)
 * Al-Juwayni (1028–1085)

K

 * Franz Kafka (1883–1924)
 * Kaibara Ekiken (1630–1740)
 * Kang Youwei (1858–1927)
 * Milan Kangrga (1923–2008)
 * Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)
 * Kao Tzu (c. 420 – 350 BC)
 * David Kaplan (born 1933)
 * Mordecai Kaplan (1881–1983)
 * Kojin Karatani (born 1941)
 * Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev (1850–1931)
 * Lev Platonovich Karsavin (1882–1952)
 * Joseph Kaspi (1279–1340)
 * Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980)
 * Karl Kautsky (1854–1938)
 * Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (1385–1438)
 * Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885)
 * Bartholomew Keckermann (1571–1609)
 * Hans Kelsen (1881–1973)
 * Norman Kemp Smith (1872–1958)
 * Anthony Kenny (born 1931)
 * Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)
 * John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)
 * Hermann Graf Keyserling (1880–1946)
 * Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)
 * Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)
 * Richard Kilvington (1302–1361)
 * Robert Kilwardby (1215–1279)
 * Jaegwon Kim (1934–2019)
 * Al-Kindi (801–873)
 * Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968)
 * Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680)
 * Ivan Kireevsky (1806–1856)
 * Patricia Kitcher (born 1948)
 * Ludwig Klages (1872–1956)
 * Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811)
 * William Calvert Kneale (1906–1990)
 * Martin Knutzen (1713–1751)
 * Ko Hung (4th century)
 * Kurt Koffka (1886–1941)
 * Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967)
 * Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968)
 * Leszek Kołakowski (1927–2009)
 * Alejandro Korn (1860–1936)
 * Karl Korsch (1886–1961)
 * Karel Kosík (1926–2003)
 * Tadeusz Kotarbiński (1886–1981)
 * Alexandre Koyre (1892–1964)
 * Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kozlov (1831–1901)
 * Karl Kraus (1874–1936)
 * Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832)
 * Georg Kreisel (1923–2015)
 * Saul Kripke (born 1940)
 * Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986)
 * Uppaluri Gopala Krishnamurti (1918–2007)
 * Julia Kristeva (born 1941)
 * Nachman Krochmal (1785–1840)
 * Leopold Kronecker (1823–1891)
 * Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921)
 * Felix Krueger (1874–1948)
 * Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922–1996)
 * Kūkai (774–835)
 * Kuki Shūzō (1888–1941)
 * Oswald Külpe (1862–1915)
 * Kumārila Bhaṭṭa (fl. roughly 700)
 * Kumazawa Banzan (1619–1691)
 * Kuo Hsiang (or Guoxiang) (died c. 312)
 * Robert Kurz (1943–2012)

L

 * Ernst Laas (1837–1885)
 * Lucien Laberthonnière (1860–1932)
 * Jean de La Bruyère (1645–1696)
 * Jacques Lacan (1901–1981)
 * Jules Lachelier (1832–1918)
 * Ernesto Laclau (1935–2014)
 * Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1940–2007)
 * Pierre Laffitte (1823–1903)
 * Louis de La Forge (1632–1666)
 * Imre Lakatos (1922–1974)
 * André Lalande (1867–1964)
 * Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829)
 * Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777)
 * Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais (1752–1854)
 * Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709–1751)
 * François de La Mothe Le Vayer (1588–1672)
 * Ludwig Landgrebe (1902–1992)
 * Friedrich Albert Lange (1828–1875)
 * Susanne Langer (1895–1985)
 * Lao Zi (or Lao Tzu) (4th century BC)
 * Isaac La Peyrère (1596–1676)
 * Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827)
 * Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin (1870–1952)
 * François de La Rochefoucauld (1613–1680)
 * Pierre Laromiguière (1756–1837)
 * Abdullah Laroui (born 1935)
 * Ferdinand Lassalle (1825–1864)
 * Bruno Latour (born 1947)
 * Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741–1801)
 * Louis Lavelle (1883–1951)
 * Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794)
 * Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov (1823–1900)
 * William Law (1686–1761)
 * Jean Le Clerc (1657–1737)
 * Michèle Le Dœuff (born 1948)
 * Henri Lefebvre (1901–1991)
 * Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples (c. 1455–c. 1536)
 * Claude Lefort (1924–2010)
 * Antoine Le Grand (1629–1699)
 * Keith Lehrer (born 1936)
 * Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716)
 * Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903–1994)
 * Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924)
 * Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
 * Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev (1831–1891)
 * Aleksei N. Leontiev (1903–1979)
 * Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837)
 * Jules Lequier (1814–1862)
 * Pierre Leroux (1798–1871)
 * Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy (1870–1954)
 * René Le Senne (1882–1954)
 * Stanisław Leśniewski (1886–1939)
 * Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781)
 * Leucippus (5th century BC)
 * Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995)
 * Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009)
 * Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1857–1939)
 * Kurt Lewin (1890–1947)
 * Clarence Irving Lewis (1883–1964)
 * C. S. Lewis (1898–1963)
 * David Kellogg Lewis (1941–2001)
 * Li Ao (722–841)
 * Liang Qichao (or Liang Ch'i-ch'ao) (1873–1929)
 * Liang Sou-ming (1893–1988)
 * Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742–1799)
 * Arthur Liebert (1878–1946)
 * Otto Liebmann (1840–1912)
 * Liezi (or Lieh Tzu) (c. 440 – c. 360& BC)
 * Mikhail Lifshitz (1905–1983)
 * Linji Yixuan (or Lin Chi) (c. 810 – 867)
 * Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778)
 * Theodor Lipps (1851–1914)
 * Justus Lipsius (1547–1606)
 * Émile Littré (1801–1881)
 * Liu Shaoqi (orLiu Shao-ch'i) (1898–1969)
 * Liu Tsung-chou (or Ch'i-shan) (1578–1645)
 * Genevieve Lloyd (born 1941)
 * Karl Nickerson Llywelyn (1893–1962)
 * Ramon Llull (1235–1315)
 * Alain LeRoy Locke (1885–1954)
 * John Locke (1632–1704)
 * Alfred Loisy (1857–1940)
 * Peter Lombard (c. 1100 – 1160)
 * Bernard Lonergan (1904–1984)
 * Pseudo-Longinus (1st century)
 * Leo Mikhailovich Lopatin (1855–1920)
 * Frédéric Lordon (born 1962)
 * Paul Lorenzen (1915–1995)
 * Aleksei Fedorovich Losev (1893–1988)
 * Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky (1870–1965)
 * Domenico Losurdo (1941–2018)
 * Juri Lotman (1922–1993)
 * Hermann Lotze (1817–1881)
 * Arthur O. Lovejoy (1873–1962)
 * Leo Löwenthal (1900–1993)
 * Michael Löwy (born 1938)
 * John R. Lucas (1929–2020)
 * Lucian (c. 120 – c. 180)
 * Lucretius (c. 99 – 55 BC)
 * Lu Jiuyuan (or Lu Xiangshan, or Lu Chiu-yuan, or Tzu-ching, or Ts'un-chai) (1139–1193)
 * Georg Lukács (1885–1971)
 * Jan Łukasiewicz (1878–1956)
 * Anatoliy Lunacharskiy (1875–1933)
 * Martin Luther (1483–1546)
 * Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919)
 * William Lycan (born 1945)
 * Jean-François Lyotard (1924–1998)

M

 * Catharine Macaulay (1731–1791)
 * Ernst Mach (1838–1916)
 * Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527)
 * Alasdair MacIntyre (born 1929)
 * John Leslie Mackie (1917–1981)
 * Madhava (died 1386)
 * Shri Madhvacharya (1238–1317)
 * Mahavira (599–527 BC)
 * Salomon Maimon (or Salomon ben Joshua) (1753–1800)
 * Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (or Abraham ben Maimon) (1186–1237)
 * Maimonides (or Rambam) (1135–1204)
 * Maine de Biran (1766–1824)
 * John Major (or John Mair) (1467–1550)
 * Errico Malatesta (1853–1932)
 * Norman Malcolm (1911–1990)
 * Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715)
 * Ernst Mally (1879–1944)
 * André Malraux (1901–1976)
 * Thomas Malthus (1766–1834)
 * Merab Mamardashvili (1930–1990)
 * Bernard de Mandeville (1670–1733)
 * Mani (3rd century)
 * Karl Mannheim (1893–1947)
 * Henry Longueville Mansel (1820–1871)
 * Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung) (1893–1976)
 * Gabriel Marcel (1887–1973)
 * Marcion (110–160)
 * Ruth Barcan Marcus (1921–2012)
 * Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979)
 * Joseph Maréchal (1878–1944)
 * Juan de Mariana (1536–1624)
 * Julián Marías (1914–2005)
 * José Carlos Mariátegui (1894–1930)
 * Lucrezia Marinella (1571–1653)
 * Ruy Mauro Marini (1932–1997)
 * Jacques Maritain (1882–1973)
 * Gaius Marius Victorinus (4th century)
 * Mihailo Marković (1923–2010)
 * Svetozar Marković (1846–1875)
 * Odo Marquard (1928–2015)
 * Marsilius of Inghen (1330–1396)
 * Marsilius of Padua (or Marsiglio or Marsilio dei Mainardine) (1270–1342)
 * Roger Marston (1235–1303)
 * José Martí (1853–1895)
 * Charles B. Martin (1924–2008)
 * Harriet Martineau (1802–1876)
 * James Martineau (1805–1900)
 * Piero Martinetti (1872–1943)
 * Anton Marty (1847–1914)
 * Marko Marulić (1450–1524)
 * Karl Marx (1818–1883)
 * Tomáš Masaryk (1850–1937)
 * Damaris Cudworth Masham (1659–1708)
 * Cotton Mather (1663–1728)
 * Matthew of Aquasparta (1238–1302)
 * Paul Mattick (1904–1981)
 * Pierre Louis Maupertuis (1698–1759)
 * Fritz Mauthner (1849–1923)
 * James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879)
 * Ernst Mayr (1904–2005)
 * James McCosh (1811–1894)
 * William McDougall (1871–1938)
 * John McDowell (born 1942)
 * Evander Bradley McGilvary (1864–1953)
 * Colin McGinn (born 1950)
 * John Ellis McTaggart (1866–1925)
 * George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)
 * Bartolomé de Medina (1527–1580)
 * Franz Mehring (1846–1919)
 * Georg Friedrich Meier (1718–1777)
 * Quentin Meillassoux (born 1967)
 * Friedrich Meinecke (1862–1954)
 * Alexius Meinong (1853–1920)
 * Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560)
 * Melissus of Samos (late 5th century BC)
 * D. Hugh Mellor (1938–2020)
 * Menasseh Ben Israel (1604–1657)
 * Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi) (372–289 BC)
 * Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)
 * Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786)
 * Susan Mendus (born 1951)
 * Désiré-Joseph Mercier (1851–1926)
 * Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961)
 * George merill (1867–1928)
 * Marin Mersenne (1588–1648)
 * Jean Meslier (1664–1729)
 * Judah Messer Leon (c. 1425 – c. 1495)
 * István Mészáros (1930–2017)
 * Emile Meyerson (1859–1933)
 * Conyers Middleton (1683–1750)
 * Mary Midgley (1919–2018)
 * Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii (1842–1904)
 * Miki Kiyoshi (1897–1945)
 * Mikyo Dorje (or Mi bskyod rdo rje) (1507–1554)
 * Gaston Milhaud (1858–1918)
 * James Mill (1773–1836)
 * John Stuart Mill (1806–1873)
 * John Millar (1735–1801)
 * Dickinson Miller (1868–1963)
 * Ruth Millikan (born 1933)
 * John Milton (1608–1674)
 * Minagawa Kien (1734–1807)
 * Mir Damad (or Mir Mohammad Baqer Esterabadi) (died 1631)
 * Miura Baien (1723–1789)
 * Jacob Moleschott (1822–1893)
 * Luis de Molina (1535–1600)
 * Enrique Molina Garmendia (1871–1962)
 * Lord Monboddo (or James Burnett) (1714–1799)
 * Richard Montague (1930–1971)
 * William Pepperell Montague (1873–1953)
 * Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592)
 * Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)
 * Edmund Montgomery (1835–1911)
 * G. E. Moore (1873–1958)
 * Henry More (1614–1687)
 * Thomas More (1478–1535)
 * C. Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936)
 * Lewis H. Morgan (1818–1881)
 * Thomas Morgan (died 1743)
 * Karl Philipp Moritz (1756–1793)
 * Edgar Morin (born 1921)
 * Gaetano Mosca (1858–1941)
 * Motoori Norinaga (1730–1801)
 * Emmanuel Mounier (1905–1950)
 * Mou Tsung-san (1909–1995)
 * Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius) (c. 470 – c. 390 BC)
 * David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas (or Daud Ibn Marwan al-Muqammas or David ha-Bavli) (died 937)
 * Mulla Sadra (1571–1640)
 * Iris Murdoch (1919–1999)
 * Muro Kyuso (1658–1734)
 * Arthur Edward Murphy (1901–1962)
 * Musonius Rufus (1st century)

N

 * Arne Næss (1912–2009)
 * Nagarjuna (c. 200 CE)
 * Ernest Nagel (1901–1985)
 * Thomas Nagel (born 1937)
 * Nahmanides (1194–1270)
 * Jacques-André Naigeon (1738–1810)
 * Toju Nakae (1608–1648)
 * Jean-Luc Nancy (1940–2021)
 * Hossein Nasr (born 1933)
 * Paul Gerhard Natorp (1854–1924)
 * Márcio Bilharinho Naves (born 1952)
 * Sergey Nechayev (1847–1882)
 * Alexander Neckham (1157–1217)
 * Antonio Negri (1933–2023)
 * Leonard Nelson (1882–1927)
 * Nemesius of Emesa (fl. c. 400)
 * John von Neumann (1903–1957)
 * Otto Neurath (1882–1945)
 * John Henry Newman (1801–1890)
 * Isaac Newton (1642–1727)
 * Nichiren (1222–1282)
 * Nicholas of Autrecourt (c. 1300 – 1369)
 * Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464)
 * Christoph Friedrich Nicolai (1733–1811)
 * Pierre Nicole (1625–1695)
 * H. Richard Niebuhr (1894–1962)
 * Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971)
 * Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)
 * Agostino Nifo (1470–1538)
 * Nishi Amane (1829–1897)
 * Nishida Kitaro (1870–1945)
 * Nishitani Keiji (1900–1990)
 * Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972)
 * John Norris (1657–1711)
 * Novalis (1772–1801)
 * Robert Nozick (1938–2001)
 * Numenius of Apamea (2nd century)
 * Martha Nussbaum (born 1947)
 * Anders Nygren (1890–1978)

O

 * Michael Oakeshott (1901–1990)
 * William of Ockham (c. 1285–1349)
 * Ogyū Sorai (1666–1728)
 * Lorenz Oken (1779–1851)
 * Karl Olivecrona (1897–1980)
 * Peter Olivi (1248–1298)
 * Olympiodorus the Younger (495–570)
 * John Wood Oman (1860–1939)
 * Michel Onfray (born 1959)
 * Onora O'Neill (born 1941)
 * Nicole Oresme (1320–1382)
 * Origen of Alexandria (c. 182–c. 251)
 * Isaac Orobio de Castro (1617–1687)
 * Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851)
 * José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955)
 * Peter Osborne (philosopher) (born 1958)
 * Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932)
 * James Oswald (1703–1793)
 * Rudolf Otto (1869–1937)
 * Richard Overton (died c. 1665)
 * Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen (1922–1982)

P

 * Thomas Paine (1737–1809)
 * Menyhért Palágyi (1859–1924)
 * William Paley (1743–1805)
 * Elihu Palmer (1764–1806)
 * Panaetius (c. 185 – c. 110 BC)
 * Antonie Pannekoek (1873–1960)
 * Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928–2014)
 * David Papineau (born 1947)
 * Giovanni Papini (1881–1956)
 * Paracelsus (1493–1541)
 * Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923)
 * Derek Parfit (1942–2017)
 * Theodore Parker (1810–1860)
 * Parmenides (5th century BC)
 * Blaise Pascal (1623–1662)
 * John Arthur Passmore (1914–2004)
 * Valentino Annibale Pastore (1868–1956)
 * Patañjali (2nd century BC)
 * Walter Pater (1839–1904)
 * Jan Patočka (1907–1977)
 * Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (or Franciscus Patritius) (1529–1597)
 * Akos Pauler (1876–1933)
 * Linus Pauling (1901–1994)
 * Paul of Venice (1369–1429)
 * Friedrich Paulsen (1846–1908)
 * Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936)
 * Christopher Peacocke (born 1950)
 * Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932)
 * David Pears (1921–2009)
 * Karl Pearson (1857–1936)
 * John Peckham (died 1292)
 * Benjamin Peirce (1809–1880)
 * Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)
 * Pelagius (c. 360 – c. 435)
 * William Penbygull (died 1420)
 * Thomas Percival (1740–1804)
 * Ralph Barton Perry (1876–1957)
 * Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827)
 * Peter of Auvergne (13th century)
 * Peter of Spain (13th century; usually identified with Pope John XXI)
 * Richard Stanley Peters (1919–2011)
 * Petrarch (1304–1374)
 * Leon Petrazycki (1867–1931)
 * Joane Petrizi (12th century)
 * Branislav Petronijević (1875–1954)
 * Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (1813–1851)
 * Joseph Petzoldt (1862–1929)
 * Alexander Pfänder (1870–1941)
 * Philip the Chancellor (1160–1236)
 * Philo Judaeus of Alexandria (20 BC–40 AD)
 * Philo of Larissa (1st century BC)
 * Philo the Dialectician (c. 300 BC)
 * Philodemus of Gadara (1st century BC)
 * Philolaus of Croton (c. 480 – c. 405 BC)
 * Philo of Larissa (154 – 84 BC)
 * Philo of Megara (fl. 300 BC)
 * John Philoponus (early 6th century)
 * Jean Piaget (1896–1980)
 * Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494)
 * Dimitri Pisarev (1840–1868)
 * Max Planck (1858–1947)
 * Alvin Plantinga (born 1932)
 * Plato (c. 427 – c. 347 BC)
 * Georgi Plekhanov (1856–1918)
 * Helmuth Plessner (1892–1985)
 * Gemistus Pletho (c. 1355 – c. 1452)
 * Plotinus (died 270)
 * (1716–1790)
 * Mestrius Plutarch of Chaeronia (c. 45 – c. 120)
 * Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
 * Karl Polanyi (1886–1964)
 * Michael Polanyi (1891–1976)
 * Pietro Pomponazzi (1462–1525)
 * Alexander Pope (1688–1744)
 * Karl Popper (1902–1994)
 * Josef Popper-Lynkeus (1838–1921)
 * Porphyry (c. 232 – c. 304)
 * Giambattista della Porta (c. 1535–1615)
 * Noah Porter (1811–1892)
 * Posidonius (c. 135 – 51 BC)
 * Richard Posner (born 1939)
 * Emil Leon Post (1897–1954)
 * Moishe Postone (1942–2018)
 * Robert Joseph Pothier (1699–1772)
 * Nicos Poulantzas (1936–1979)
 * François Poullain de la Barre (1647–1723)
 * Roscoe Pound (1870–1964)
 * Caio Prado Júnior (1907–1990)
 * Costanzo Preve (1943–2013)
 * Henry Habberley Price (1899–1984)
 * Richard Price (1723–1791)
 * Harold Arthur Prichard (1871–1947)
 * Joseph Priestley (1733–1804)
 * Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (1856–1931)
 * Arthur Prior (1914–1969)
 * Proclus (412–487)
 * Prodicus (c. 450 – 399 BC)
 * Protagoras (c. 481 – 420 BC)
 * Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865)
 * Marcel Proust (1871–1922)
 * Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (5th century)
 * Pseudo-Grosseteste (13th century)
 * Ptolemy (c. 85 – c. 165)
 * Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694)
 * Isaac ben Joseph ibn Pulgar (14th century)
 * Hilary Putnam (1926–2016)
 * Pyrrho (c. 360 – c. 270)
 * Pythagoras (582 – 496 BC)

Q

 * Antero de Quental (1842–1891)
 * (1906–1993)
 * W. V. O. Quine (1908–2000)
 * Anthony Quinton (1925–2010)


 * List of philosophers
 * (A–C)
 * (D–H)
 * (I–Q)
 * (R–Z)