List of philosophers born in the 17th century

Philosophers born in the 17th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
 * Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

A

 * Firmin Abauzit, (1679–1767)
 * Yves Marie André, (1675–1764)
 * Antoine Arnauld, (1612–1694)12*
 * Mary Astell, (1666–1731)

B

 * John Balguy, (1686–1748)
 * Pierre Bayle, (1647–1706)12
 * Richard Bentley, (1662–1742)
 * George Berkeley, (1685–1753)12
 * François Bernier, (1620–1688)
 * Hugh Binning, (1627–1653)
 * Samuel Bold, (1649–1737)
 * Robert Boyle, (1627–1691)12
 * Peter Browne, (1666–1735)
 * Thomas Browne, (1605–1682)
 * Claude Buffier, (1661–1737)
 * Richard Burthogge, (1638–1704)
 * Joseph Butler, (1692–1752)12

C

 * Gershom Carmichael, (c. 1672–1729)
 * Margaret Cavendish, (1623–1673)
 * Walter Charleton, (1619–1707)
 * William Chillingworth, (1602–1644)
 * Samuel Clarke, (1675–1729)12
 * Johannes Clauberg, (1622–1665)
 * Catherine Trotter Cockburn, (1679–1749)
 * Arthur Collier, (1680–1732)
 * Anthony Collins, (1676–1729)12
 * Lady Anne Finch Conway, (1631–1679)12
 * Geraud de Cordemoy, (1626–1684)
 * Jean-Pierre de Crousaz, (1663–1750)
 * Ralph Cudworth, (1617–1688)12
 * Nathaniel Culverwel, (1619–1651)
 * Richard Cumberland, (c. 1631–1718)

D

 * John Theophilus Desaguliers, (1683–1744)
 * Robert Desgabets, (1610–1678)
 * Kenelm Digby, (1603–1665)
 * Humphry Ditton, (1675–1715)

E

 * Elisabeth of Bohemia, (1618–1680)

F

 * Michelangelo Fardella, (1646–1718)
 * François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, (1651–1715)
 * Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, (1657–1757)
 * Simon Foucher, (1644–1696)

G

 * Gadadhara Bhattacharya, (1604–1709)
 * John Gay, (1685–1732)
 * Arnold Geulincx, (1624–1669)12
 * Joseph Glanvill, (1636–1680)
 * Baltasar Gracián y Morales, (1601–1658)
 * Guido Grandi, (1671–1742)

H

 * Han Wonjin, (1682–1751)
 * James Harrington, (1611–1677)
 * Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont, (1614–1698)
 * Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi), (1610–1695)
 * Pierre Daniel Huet, (1630–1721)
 * Francis Hutcheson, (1694–1746)12
 * Christiaan Huygens, (1629–1695)

I

 * Ito Jinsai, (1627–1705)

J

 * Samuel Johnson, (1649–1703)

K

 * Kaibara Ekiken, (1630–1740)
 * Lord Kames, (1696–1782)
 * Kumazawa Banzan, (1619–1691)

L

 * Louis de La Forge, (1632–1666)
 * William Law, (1686–1761)
 * Jean Le Clerc, (1657–1737)
 * Antoine Le Grand, (1629–1699)
 * Gottfried Leibniz, (1646–1716)12*
 * John Locke, (1632–1704)12

M

 * Nicolas Malebranche, (1638–1715)12
 * Bernard de Mandeville, (1670–1733)2
 * Damaris Cudworth Masham, (1659–1708)
 * Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)2
 * Henry More, (1614–1687)

N

 * Isaac Newton, (1642–1727)12
 * John Norris, (1657–1711)*

O

 * Ogyū Sorai, (1666–1728)

P

 * Blaise Pascal, (1623–1662)2
 * Robert Joseph Pothier, (1699–1772)
 * Samuel Pufendorf, (1632–1694)2

R

 * John Ray, (1627–1705)
 * Pierre-Sylvain Regis, (1632–1707)
 * Hermann Samuel Reimarus, (1694–1768)
 * Jacques Rohault, (1617–1672)

S

 * Anna Maria van Schurman, (1607–1678)
 * John Sergeant, (1623–1704)
 * Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, (1671–1713)12
 * Baruch Spinoza, (1632–1677)12
 * James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, (1619–1695)
 * Edward Stillingfleet, (1635–1699)
 * Gabrielle Suchon, (1631–1703)
 * Emanuel Swedenborg, (1688–1772)
 * Algernon Sydney, (1623–1683)

T

 * Christian Thomasius, (1655–1728)
 * Matthew Tindal, (1657–1733)
 * John Toland, (1670–1722)12
 * Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, (1651–1708)
 * George Turnball, (1698–1748)

V

 * Giambattista Vico, (1668–1744)12
 * Voltaire, (1694–1778)12

W

 * Wang Fuzhi (or Wang Fu-Chih or Wang Chuanshan), (1619–1692)
 * Benjamin Whichcote, (1609–1683)
 * Gerrard Winstanley, (1609–1676)
 * Christian Wolff, (1679–1754)12
 * William Wollaston, (1659–1724)

Y

 * Yen Yuan (1635–1704)
 * Yi Kan (1677–1727)