Localization

Localization or localisation may refer to:

Biology

 * Localization of function, locating psychological functions in the brain or nervous system; see Linguistic intelligence
 * Localization of sensation, ability to tell what part of the body is affected by touch or other sensation; see Allochiria
 * Neurologic localization, in neurology, the process of deducing the location of injury based on symptoms and neurological examination
 * Nuclear localization signal, an amino acid sequence on the surface of a protein which acts like a 'tag' to localize the protein in the cell
 * Sound localization, a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound
 * Subcellular localization, organization of cellular components into different regions of a cell

Engineering and technology

 * GSM localization, determining the location of an active cell phone or wireless transceiver
 * Robot localization, figuring out robot's position in an environment
 * Indoor positioning system, a network of devices used to locate objects or people inside a building
 * Navigation, determining one's position accurately on the surface of Earth
 * Radiolocation, finding the location of something via radio waves
 * Satellite navigation, a positioning and navigation technique aided by satellites

Adaptation to language, etc.

 * Language localization, translating a product into different languages or adapting a product to a country or region
 * Internationalization and localization, the adaptation of computer software for non-native environments, especially other nations and cultures
 * Video game localization, preparation of video games for other locales
 * Dub localization, the adaptation of a movie or television series for another audience
 * Indigenization, the process of adopting and integrating elements of a local culture, including language, customs, and names, often to better align with the local community

Mathematics

 * Localization of a category, adding to a category inverse morphisms for some collection of morphisms, constraining them to become isomorphisms
 * Localization of a ring and a module, in abstract algebra, a formal way to introduce the "denominators" to a given ring or a module
 * Localization of a topological space, the localization of topological spaces at primes
 * Localization theorem, theorem to infer the nullity of a function given only information about its continuity and the value of its integral

Physics

 * Anderson localization, in condensed matter physics, the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium
 * Weak localization, a physical effect which occurs in disordered electronic systems at very low temperatures
 * Supersymmetric localization, a method to compute exact correlation functions of certain supersymmetric operators in supersymmetric quantum field theories

Other uses

 * Localization Era (1900-1300 BCE), the fourth and final period of the Indus Valley Tradition
 * The opposite of economic globalisation
 * Internationalization and localization, the adaptation of products for international use by conforming them to the conventions of each target locale, including language and culture.